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Skin Flashcards

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1
Q

Scaly, thick, greasy surface with scattered keratin plugs (pigmented)

A

Seborrhoeic keratosis

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2
Q

if Seborrhoeic keratosis - Multiple superficial + irregular – itchy but not bleeding – sample by

A

– shave biopsy

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3
Q

DIP Heberdens –

A

Osteoarthirits

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4
Q

SCC at sites of chronic inflammation, osteomyelitis, burns

A

Marjolins ulcer

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5
Q

aggressive malignancy in chronic lymphedema

A

Lymphangiosarcoma

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6
Q

Lymphodaema age ranges

A

Millroy’s <1, Meige 1-35, Tarda >35

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7
Q

Necrolytic migratory erythema: Abdo + bum blisters, weight loss and diarrhoea – some intact vesicles

A

pancreatic alpha cell gluconoma ->1kg, CT + resect.

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8
Q

Venous stasis ulcer – exophytic in

A

Venous stasis ulcer – exophytic in malignant transformation only

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9
Q

Keloid scar goes beyond

A

Keloid scar goes beyond incision

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10
Q

PT burns – lose hair follicles but not

A

PT burns – lose hair follicles but not sweat glands

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11
Q

Dercums disease –

A

Dercums disease – multiple lipomas aka adiposis dolorosa.

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12
Q

All collagen

A

All collagen – derived from gycline

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13
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

Dermatofibroma – at site of previous trauma, dermal overgrowth of fibrous tisue

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14
Q

Homan’s procedure

A

The skin still has a HOME

Radical lymphodema resection with skin flaps still intact.

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15
Q

Charles’ procedure

A

Radical lymphodema resection with skin grafts overlaid - no longer done

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16
Q

SCC which therapy is safe? Spead by?

A

SCC – radiotherapy safe, spread by lymphatics

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17
Q

Merkel Cell tumours

A

Firm, painless, nodule, exposure to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV),

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18
Q

Fistula in ano = line by…

A

Fistula in ano = line by squamous epithelia

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19
Q

Big facial wound – graft using

A

full thickness skin graft

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20
Q

anaesthetic for for sebaceous cyst on scalp

A

1% lignocaine with 1 in 200,000 adrenaline for sebaceous cyst on scalp

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21
Q

Lupus vulgaris is not associated with the Koerner phenomenon.

A

A true Koebner response occurs in:

Psoriasis
Vitiligo
Halo naevus
Lichen planus.

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22
Q

Aggressive fibromatosis –

A

desmoid tumours

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23
Q

If BCC <2cm, Margin of

A

If BCC <2cm, Margin of 3-5mm

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24
Q

Keratokenthoma –

A

rapid growing and keratin core

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25
Cryoprecipitate – Has factor...
Cryoprecipitate – Factor VIII (Factors V and VIII – sensitive to temp degredation)
26
What blood products or derivatives can cause urticaria and what can cause pyrexia?
FFP – Urticaria, RBCs – Pyrexia!
27
vWF stabilizes factor VIII - you can give
tranexamic acid, DDAVP/Desmopressin | stimulates vWF release from endothelia via V2 receptor
28
Low platelet counts + raised FDP – X is most likely..
Low platelet counts + raised FDP – DIC more likely
29
ITP – transfuse platelets....when relative to splenic ligatiobn
ITP – transfuse platelets after splenic artery ligation
30
Blood film findings post-splenectomy
Jolly bodies will appear, Poikilo/ target cells and Pappenheimer bodies, erythrocyte siderotic granules
31
Blood film finding in lead poisoning
Stipple cells in lead poisoning
32
Hyperacute transplant rejection what Abs
IgG anti HLA Class I antibodies in the recipient
33
Acute transplant rejection
Acute transplant rejection – Type IV – T Lymphocytes
34
In chronic rejection after 6 months you find...
Chronic >6 months – vascular changes
35
Haemolytic anaemia – T2: Auto-Ab’s for
or Cell surface Ags (ACID, EGGT +M-MA-T)
36
Interpretation blood clotting test results | H v V
``` H - v V APTT PT BT UNN UNU UUN ```
37
Abnormal coagulation | Cause Factors affected
How We Do Life HWDL (W+L both get 7's) H 2,9,10,11 (then get rid of 11) W - 2,7,9,10 (only one without 11) D - 1,2,5,8,11 (get rid of 8) L - 1,2,5,7,9,10,11
38
Post splenectomy sepsis:
Post splenectomy sepsis: Strep Pneumonae, Haem Influenz, Meningococci
39
Myofibroblasts at what stage of wound healing
Myofibroblasts – 6 weeks into wound healing
40
RA can result in..cytosis
RA – Thrombocytosis
41
Stored blood - less 2,3 DPG - therefore
Stored blood - less 2,3 DPG - a higher affinity for oxygen (left shift)
42
Anti phospholipid syndrome=
Lupus anticoagulant / Anti-cardiolipin / Anti-beta2-glycoprotein
43
Heparin – all forms – hyperaemia -by
Heparin – all forms – hyperaemia -by inhibiting aldosterone
44
Iatrogenic gram +ve infection with room temp platelets
platelets
45
Acquired Fact 12 deficiency – Prolonged..
Acquired Fact 12 deficiency – Prolonged PTT
46
Prolonged Abx or Cholestatic jaundice results in
Prolonged Abx or Cholestatic jaundice – Vit K deficiency
47
Sudden anaemia and LOW reticulocyte count b/g Sickle
Parvovirus infection
48
TNF – secreted mostly by
TNF – secreted mostly by Macrophages
49
4 days post-splenectomy – high...
4 days post splenectomy – high platelet count
50
Warfarin inhibits
2,7,9,10
51
LA for for biars blocks
Prilocaine best for biars blocks 6/9a, less cardiotoxic
52
Methylene blue for
Methylene blue for methaemoglobinaemia
53
Procaine and benzocaine are...
Procaine and benzocaine – amino-esters
54
Lignocaine – type and mechanism
Lignocaine – amide blocks Na channels
55
Etomidate – up and downs with use of it..
Etomidate – adrenal suppression – but best cardiac profile!
56
Difference between Pethidine and Morphine
Pethidine: different structure and less fat soluble to morphine, less biliary spasm
57
Atracurium – hydrolysed and releases
Atracurium – hydrolysed and releases histamine
58
Lido dosing
Lido 3/7a
59
Bupivicaine dosing
Bup 2/2a
60
Collagen Synthesis, Vitamin C is needed for
Vitamin C is needed for the hydroxylation of proline during collagen synthesis.
61
Fat embolism – like PE +...
Fat embolism – like PE + confusion + petechial rash
62
Sino nasal cancer - related..
Sino nasal cancer - 50% SCC - wood dust exposure, no strong smoking link.
63
Liver Angiosarcoma - associated with
Liver Angiosarcoma - vinyl chloride exposure
64
z score is determined using the
z score is determined using the normal distribution and is not a descriptive statistic.
65
Transient nerve function loss for a few weeks...
Transient nerve function loss for a few weeks – neuropraxia (no Wallerian degeneration)
66
Medullary chemoreceptors –
arterial CO2
67
ormal pulmonary artery occlusion pressure =
Normal pulmonary artery occlusion pressure = 8-12mmHg
68
ARR =
ARR = 1/NNT
69
Abdo CT in trauma even if pregnant?
YES
70
P value – risk of rejecting true null hypothesis
Type 1 error
71
How much of you is water and where it is?
Water 60% bodyweight | 65% Water intracellular, 35 extracellular. 5% in plasma.
72
Montgomery ruling –
not just % risk, patient’s hypothetical significance to risk
73
Which inhibit protein synthesis? | What do the rest do
McFAT inhibits protein synthesis: Macrolides, chloramphenicol, Fusidic acid, Amioglycosides, tetracyclines. Pen+Cephs cell wall. Rifampicin RNA. Rest inhibit DNA
74
For Desication...
In Active contact: Low current + High voltage – in contact = Dessication (loss of water but not protein)
75
Fulgration
Low amplitude and high voltage system - spray effect for superficial tissue destruction - bladder tumours
76
Cutting
Sinusoidal and non modulated waveform High average power and current density Precise cutting without thermal damage
77
esmarch bandage tourniquet – higher rate of
Esmarch bandage tourniquet – higher rate of neuropraxia
78
Chordoma –
Chordoma – midline axial tumour inc clivus
79
Cluster RCTs – more prone to
Cluster RCTs – more prone to unit of analyses errors
80
Bone callous – visible on xray after
Bone callous – visible on xray after 3 weeks
81
Amiodarone does not cause lymphadenopathy T/F?
True | Amiodarone does not cause lymphadenopathy
82
Obesity – not a risk factor for osteoperosis | T/F?
True | Obesity is not a risk factor for osteoperosis
83
RCTs can be unblinded. T/F?
RCTs can be unblinded. T!
84
42yo, BMI 15 hernia repair. Give
Give 10 kcal/kg/day initially, oral thiamine 200-300mg/day, vitamin B co strong 1 tds and supplements.
85
Cohort studies assess the
Cohort studies assess the relative risk
86
Sharpey’s fibres attach
Sharpey’s fibres attach periosteum to bone
87
Prevalence is equal to
Prevalence is equal to pretest probability
88
Hyperventilation will lower ionised
Hyperventilation will lower ionised plasma Ca2+ levels
89
What is the three-sigma rule?
68-95-99.7 rule or three-sigma rule | Almost the entire population will fall within 3 SD's if normally distributed.
90
RR =
RR = Ex Rate/Control Rate
91
RRR=
RRR= (ER-CR)/CR
92
Halothane is ....
Hepatotoxic
93
Bolam’s test
Bolam’s test – if your decision is in agreement with professional standard of practice
94
1L 0.9% NaCl = x mmol
154
95
Long-standing offensive discharge from the ear...
Cholesteatoma

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