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Dermatology > Skin Cancers/Malignancies > Flashcards

Skin Cancers/Malignancies Flashcards

1
Q

What causes skin cancer?

A
  • UV radiation
  • Genetics
  • Chemicals
  • Viruses like HPV
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2
Q

RF for skin cancer?

A
  • Fair skin
  • FHx
  • Personal Hx
  • Cumulative sun exposure
  • Severe sun burns
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3
Q

What classification is used for skin typing?

A

Fitzpatrick Scale (Type I- VI)

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4
Q

What are the different types of skin cancer?

A
  • Actinic Keratosis (pre-cancer)
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Malignant Melanoma
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5
Q

T/F Actinic Keratosis can evolve into SCC.

A

True!

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6
Q

How does Actinic Keratosis often present?
Where is it m/c located?

A
  • Rough/scaly/dry patch that comes and goes, pink or flesh colored (can also have hypertrophic lesions that look like thick stuck-on crusts)
  • M/C on sun exposed areas like scalp, hands, forearms, face, ears, lips
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7
Q

How is Actinic Keratosis treated?

A
  • 1st line = Cryosurgery
  • Topical meds like Imiquimod, 5-FU, etc.
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8
Q

What is the M/C type of skin cancer?

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma (locally destructive)

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9
Q

RF for BCC?

A
  • Fair skin, light eyes, red hair (skin types I-III)
  • Chronic arsenic exposure, ionizing radiation, immunosuppression
  • Cumulative sun exposure, sun burns, tanning beds
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10
Q

What are the different types of BCC?

A

Superficial: scaly pink patches

Pigmented: brown-black

Nodular (M/C): “PEARLY” papules with rolling or translucent borders

Morpheaform (most aggressive): sclerotic or scar-like

Note: may be ulcerated

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11
Q

How is BCC treated?

A
  • Topical meds like Imiquimod, 5-FU
  • Electrodessication & Curettage (ED&C)
  • Standard Excision
  • Mohs Micrographic surgery (tissue-sparing, higher cure rate)
  • Radiation
  • Vismodegib
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12
Q

RF for Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A
  • Cumulative sun exposure / Phototherapy
  • HPV
  • Immunosuppression
  • Oral Lichen Planus
  • Industrial carcinogens like tar and arsenic
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosum (Autosomal recessive disorder)
  • Tobacco
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13
Q

What skin manifestations are seen with SCC?

A
  • Pink scaly patches or papules
  • Cutaneous horns
  • Non-healing ulcers
  • Indurated plaques
  • Hx of scabbing, crusting, or bleeding
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14
Q

Where is SCC m/c located?

A

On head and neck then upper extremities then trunk then legs

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15
Q

What are the different typess of SCC?

A
  • SCC in Situ (Bowen’s Disease)
  • Invasive SCC
  • Keratoacanthoma-type (sprout-like volcanoes, nodules with central crusts)
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16
Q

How is SCC treated?

A
  • Topical meds like Imiquimod and 5-FU
  • ED&C
  • Standard Excision
  • Mohs Micrographic Surgery
  • Radiation
17
Q

What’s the worst type but least common skin cancer?

A

Melanoma

18
Q

RF for Malignant Melanoma?

A

“MF RIS”

M: Moles >10 atypical moles OR numerous common moles

F: FHx of Melanoma

R: Red hair & freckling

I: Inability to tan (skin types I & II)

S: Severe sunburn before age 14 OR exposure to tanning beds prior to age 35

19
Q

What are the different types of Melanoma?

A

Lentigo Maligna: m/c in elderly

Superficial Spreading (M/C): m/c in young

Nodular: usu. invasive at time of dx

Acral Lentigenous: Palms, soles, nails; m/c in African & Asian Americans

20
Q

What does Melanoma look like?
Where is it m/c located?

A
  • Brown, Black, Blue, Red, Tan, White macules/papules/nodules
  • M/C on trunk & upper back for Men and legs & upper back for women
21
Q

What are the ABCDE guidelines for monitoring for early signs of Melanoma/malignant skin conditions?

A

A: Asymmetry
B: Irregular Borders
C: Different colors
D: >6 mm Diameter
E: Evolving/Changing in size, shape, color, etc.

22
Q

How is Melanoma treated?

A
  • Surgical excision with WIDE MARGINS = mainstay for Stages 1 & 2
  • Chemo
  • Radiation (appropriate for Stage 3)
  • Immunotherapy
  • Targeted therapy
  • Oncolytic virus

Dermatology (17 decks)

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