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Dermatology > Viral Exanthems > Flashcards

Viral Exanthems Flashcards

1
Q

What is Varicella?

A

Highly contagious intraepidermal vesicular eruption

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2
Q

What is Varicella caused by?

A

Varicella zoster virus

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3
Q

T/F: A 2-3 day prodrome of H/A, fever, malaise, sore throat, anorexia, & cough precedes pruritic vesicular eruption in Varicella

A

True

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4
Q

What does a Varicella rash look like?
What’s the buzzword?

A
  • Polymorphic eruption of macules –> papules/vesicles/pustules –> necrosis, may be umbilicated
  • “Dew drop on a rose petal” (vesicle with erythematous base)
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5
Q

T/F: Rubeola “Measles” is preceded by a prodrome and often generalized LAD

A

True

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6
Q

What are the 3 C’s of Rubeola “Measles”?

A
  1. Cough
  2. Coryza (rhinitis)
  3. Conjunctivitis
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7
Q

What does a Rubeola “Measles” rash look like?
What’s the distribution?

A
  • Generalized erythematous maculopapular eruption
  • Becomes confluent on head & trunk, remains discrete on extremities
  • Starts behind ears –> trunk –> extremities
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8
Q

Prior to the rash seen in Rubeola “Measles” pts get?

A

Koplik spots: tiny gray-white papules on erythematous base on buccal mucosa

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9
Q

T/F Rubella “German Measles” is preceded by a prodrome and often strikingly large LN of the head & neck

A

True

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10
Q

Rubella “German Measles” is spread via?

A

Respiratory droplets

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11
Q

What does the rash in Rubella “German Measles” look like?
What’s the distribution?

A
  • Maculopapular eruption
  • Unlike Rubeola “Measles” lesions typically remain discrete in all areas and is less red/bright
  • Red spots on soft palate
  • Starts behind ears –> trunk –> extremities
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12
Q

Complications of Rubella “German Measles”?

A
  • Arthritis
  • Congenital Rubella Syndrome (in babies born to a mother who was infected in 1st trimester)
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13
Q

T/F: Roseola is preceded by a prodrome.

A

True

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14
Q

This is the m/c viral exanthem in kids <2 y/o

A

Roseola

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15
Q

Fever Fever Fever RASH

A

Roseola

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16
Q

What does the Roseola (HHV-6) rash look like?
Where is it m/c located?
How long does it last?

A
  • Discrete rose/red macules & papules
  • Trunk & proximal extremities
  • 24-48 hrs
17
Q

Complications of Roseola?

A

May cause febrile seizures newborns

18
Q

How do you treat Roseola?

A

SUPPORTIVE -self limiting

19
Q

What’s the causative agent for Erythema Infectiosum “5th Dz”?

A

Enterovirus (Parvo B19)

20
Q

What does the rash in Erythema Infectiosum “5th Dz” look like?

A
  • Confluent erythema on cheeks
  • Lacy reticular erythema on rest of body
  • May be pruritic
21
Q

Slapped cheek appearance

A

Erythema Infectiosum “5th Dz”

22
Q

Complications of Erythema Infectiosum “5th Dz”?

A
  • Arthritis
  • Acute aplastic crisis in pts with chronic hemolytic anemia (sickle cell)
23
Q

How do you treat Erythema Infectiosum “5th Dz”?

A

Symptomatically
- Self limiting in young kids
- Need to be extra careful if pt is pregnant or has sickle cell

24
Q

T/F: Coxsackie “Hand Foot Mouth” is preceded by a prodrome

A

Ture

25
Q

What’s the causative agent for Coxsackie “Hand Foot Mouth”?

A

Coxsackie virus A-16

26
Q

What does the rash in Coxsackie “Hand Foot Mouth” look like?

A
  • Oral lesions that start as erythematous macules –> small vesicles on erythematous base –> ulcerate into painful lesions
  • Similar lesions on hands and feet
27
Q

How is Coxsackie “Hand Foot Mouth” treated?

A

SYMPTOMATIC
- Magic mouthwash (mylanta, benadryl, & viscous lidocaine)

28
Q

What is Kawasaki Disease “Mucocutaneous LN Syndrome”? What’s it characterized by?

A

Acute febrille illness of early childhood characterized by vasculitis of the medium-sized arteries

29
Q

T/F: Kawasaki is typically self-limiting

A

True

30
Q

What’re S&S of Kawasaki?

A
  • Fever
  • Bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis
  • Erythema of lips & oral mucosa + dry/cracked lips
  • Rash
  • Edema of hands/feet
  • Cervical LAD
  • +/- Peeling
31
Q

Complications of Kawasaki?

A
  • Coronary artery aneurysms
  • Depressed myocardial contractility & HF
  • MI
  • Arrhythmias
  • Peripheral arterial occlusion
32
Q

This is a leading cause of aquired heart disease in the US

A

Kawasaki Disease

33
Q

When is Kawasaki m/c?
Who is typically affected?

A
  • M/C in winter & spring
  • Kids 5/yo, M >F
34
Q

How is Kawasaki Disease treated?

A

IVIG & Aspirin

35
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki. disease?

A

Presence of fever for at least 5 days + at least 4/5 of the following criteria:
1. B/L bulbar conjunctival injection
2. Oral mucous membrane changes
3. Peripheral extremity changes
4. Polymorphous rash
5. Cervical LAD

Dermatology (17 decks)

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