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cata final exam > Skin conditions > Flashcards

Skin conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

By what can skin conditions be caused?

A

bacteria
virus
fungi

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2
Q

Skin conditions are a result from (4)

A

mechanical reactions
allergic reactions
environmental reactions
chemical reactions

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the skin

A

to protect from bacteria, fungi and viruses
regulate body temp
prevent loss of fluids and nutrients
aids in transmission of information from outside environment to the brain

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4
Q

what are the 2 main forms of bacterias

A

staphylococcal infections

streptococcal infections

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5
Q

what are staphylococcal infections

A

clumps on the skin, upper respiratory tract infections and in lesions which contain pus
local

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6
Q

what are strep infection

A

serious systemic diseases

ex: scarlet fever, strep throat

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7
Q

where does bacteria live

A

skin

mucous membranes

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8
Q

what is and abscess (3)

A

collection of pus occurring in a localized infection
can affect any tissue in the body
associated with tissue destruction

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9
Q

what are the s/s of an abscess

A

encapsulated pocket of pus, pain, swelling & fever

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10
Q

what happens if an abscess is left untreated

A

can become a systemic infection

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11
Q

who experiences acne the most and why

A

adolescents because they have an increased sebum production

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12
Q

what are the first causes of acne (3)

A

hormonal imbalances
follicular blockage
inflammation

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13
Q

what are the 2 types of acne

A 
open follicle (black head, obstructed follicles)
closed follicle (white head, follicles filled with cellular debris)
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14
Q

what is onychia

A

inflammation of the matrix of the nail plate

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15
Q

what is paronychia

A

involves lateral border or nail fold

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16
Q

t/f onychia and paronychia can only be bacterial

A

false, can be bacterial or fungal

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17
Q

what are the s/s of onychia and paronychia (4)

A

pain, swelling, redness, may have pus (secondary infections)

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18
Q

What is folliculitis

A

infection of the upper portion of a hair follicle

staphylococci, ingrown hair

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19
Q

what is the moi and s/s for folliculitis

A

moi: friction

s/s: pustule, redness, swelling

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20
Q

what are furuncles

A

boils

deep folliculitis

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21
Q

what are caruncles

A

complications of folliculitis
several furuncles merge
from friction or repeated blunt trauma

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22
Q

what are the s/s for furuncles and carbuncles (2)

A

pus

tender to touch

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23
Q

what is cellulitis

A

painful infection of the deep dermis

streptococci

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24
Q

s/s of cellulitis

A

break in the skin (wounds, tinea infections)
intense pain
fever, lymphangitis
looks like compartment syndrome

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25
what is impetigo contagiosa
higly contagious bacteria skin inflammation staphylococcus and /or streptococci
26
what are the common sports with impetigo contagiosa
wrestling, football, rugby, swimming, gymnastics
27
how is impetigo contagiosa transmitted
direct contact sharing towels, clothing, equipment after a skin injury
28
what are the s/s of impetigo
fluid filled vesicles (can form blisters) painful itchy crusty (eventually disappears and red marks heal without scaring) common on buttock, face, extremities
29
What is MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphyloccus aureus | strain of staph bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics
30
t/f mrsa always presents symptoms
false, can be a carrier without having symptoms
31
what happens during a breakout of MRSA on the skin
bacterium invades the body producing a skin infection (abscess or cellulitis) or systemic infection
32
how does MRSA spread
from skin to skin contact
33
what are the s/s of MRSA
small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils, or spider bites turn into deep painful abscesses (need drainage) can be life threatening
34
what is the management for bacteria infections (5)
-cleanse with soap and water - OTC antibacterial agents - Contagious -> withheld from physical activity if satellite locations, cellulitis, conjuctivitis, weeping lesion, large or multiple, honey-crusted, faruncles carbuncles - no new skin lesions for 48 hours completed 72 hours of antibiotic treatment - avoid sharing towels, walking bare feet, cover open wounds
35
what are the causes for fungi infections
yeast | mold
36
what does fungi infections attack
hair nails skin
37
what are the 3 main categories of fungi
dermatophytes candidiasis tinea versicolor
38
what are fungal skin conditions
identified by small patches of erythema, scaling and severe itching most contagious and can spread from person to person fungus thrives in dark, warm, moist environments
39
what is tinea unguium
fungal infections of the nail beds or nail
40
who is commonly affected by tinea unguium
swimmers, communal showers, chronic tinea pedis or wear occlusive footwear
41
what are s/s for tinea unguium
pain with activity and aesthetic concerns
42
what is tinea pedis
athletes foot | most frequent fungal infection in athletic population
43
where does tinea pedis occur
web spaces, plantar/dorsal surface of toes, midfoot vessels
44
what are the s/s for tinea pedis
itchy, scaling/peeling and cracking fissures
45
what is tinea cruris
jock itch | involves genitalia / groin
46
in which population is tinea cruris mostly seen
obese adult men and male athletes
47
why is the prevalence of tinea cruris in women increasing
bc there are more women playing sports
48
what causes tinea cruris ans s/s
tight restrictive clothing perspiration - reddening, scaling, itching - thick darn lesions
49
what is another name for tinea corporis
ring worm
50
how does ring worm present itself
circular patches redness, dry, sclaing, hypopigmented slightly elevated borders
51
which population is at risk of tinea corporis
wreslters
52
where does tinea capitis happen
the scalp
53
in what population is tinea capitis common
children
54
how do you get tinea capitis
brushes combs animals
55
what does tinea capitis look like
grey scales, bald patches
56
what is tinea versicolor
loss of pigmentation «sun spots»
57
what does tinea versicolor stem from
yeast
58
what promotes the growth of tinea versicolor
excessive heat, humidity and oily skin
59
where does tinea versicolor appear
trunk back of head back upper extremities
60
t/f tinea versicolor is not contagious
true
61
what is candidiasis
produces lesions of the skin or mucous membranes in the vagina caused by yeast fungus
62
where is candidiasis found
skin folds (around breast area)
63
in what population is candidiasis more common
women wearing swimsuits of competition uniforms for a long time
64
what are the s/s of candidiasis
deep beefy red color lesions | if left untreated can be life threatening systemic disease
65
what is the general management for fungal condition (4)
antifungal medication changing the warm, moist environment wash involved area 4-5 times/day and after physical exertion ensure ares are dry
66
what is the prevention for fungal infections (7)
shower after every practice/competition dry feet, hands, groin, arms and breast thoroughly use antifungal powder change socks/underwear daily wear street shoes that allow ventilation disinfect shower area, dressing room, and AT room never go barefoot in shower or locker room
67
what are virus infetctions
invade living cells and multiply until they kill the cell
68
virus infections ____ to re-infect other cells or lie ___ within the cell without ever causing an ___
burst out dormant infection
69
what is herpes simplex
encompasses 80 different viruses extremely contagious 2 types
70
what are the 2 types of herpes simplex
``` HSV-1 cold sores shows up 1-3x/year approx 1/3 new cases of genital herpes HSV-2 causes 2/3 of genital hepers shows up around 5x/year ```
71
how is herpes simplex transmitted
through skin to skin contact
72
what is the timeline for herpes simplex
incubation period for primary infection (2-12 days) usually begins with burning snd stinging, tenderness and itching followed by clusters of vesicles
73
t/f herpes simplex can't spread during latent state
false
74
t/f herpes can reoccur regularly
true, can be monthly
75
what are some triggers for herpes
stress, fatigue, sunlight, food allergies, impaired immune system, hormonal changes, pregnancy
76
what is another name for herpes zoster
shingles
77
where does shingles originates from
varicella virus, chicken pox can retreat into the nerve roots, where it lies dormant
78
what is herpes zoster
blister like lesions that erupt along dermatomes (t3-L3) in the trunk Lesions that crust over (infectious until cruster over) MAy also have headaches, malaise, swollen lymph nodes and low grade fever
79
what is verrucae virus
type of human papilloma virus
80
what happens with the verrucae virus
rapid growth of cells on outer layer of skin | resulting in a wart
81
what are the 2 types of warts
plana - flat wart | plantaris - plantar wart
82
what is the incubation time for a wart
several weeks to 5 years after exposure
83
what are the s/s for verrucae virus
common on hands & feet pressure on warts cause pain subjected to secondary bacterial infection
84
what is the general management for viral skin conditions (4)
viruses stays in body antiviral medication not clear to play until are free of systemic symptoms and no new lesions for 72 hours and no moist lesions and have completed a minimum of 120 hours of systemic antiviral therapy HIV can precipitate herpes zoster in young people
85
what are 2 other skin reactions
chafing | eczema
86
what is chafing caused by
friction of fabric against moist warm skin
87
what is eczema caused by
acute or chronic inflammatory condition of the skin
88
what are athletes nodules
asymptomatic, dermal nodules found at various sites of the body that encounter minor trauma
89
what is the cause and treatment for athletes nodules
recurrent friction or trauma | treatment- protective pads, 2nd skin
90
what is psoriasis
chronic distressing skin disorder that affects skin, ligaments, tendons and joints (around not the structure) rapid build up of rough dry, dead skin cells
91
what is hyperhidrosis
excessive perspiration in palms, axilla can interfere with sports hereditary, foods, menopause

cata final exam (12 decks)

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