Skin Conditions Flashcards
What is the presentation of scabies
Red spots with silvery interlinking lines- usually in webbing of fingers/toes
How would you treat scabies
Apply melathion or permethrin twice-1 week apart
Apply to whole body including the scalp, neck, face and ears
Treat all members of the family
Avoid physical contact with other members of the family
What is headline and how do you treat it
Live moving lice with white eggs distributed
Treated by:
-wet combing- comb for 30 mins at 4-day intervals till no lice is found for 3 consecutive sessions (min of 2 weeks)
-dimeticone- apply for 8 hours to dry naturally- repeated after 7 days. Okay to use in asthmatic patients
-melathion: apply for 12 hours to dry naturally- repeated after 7 days (avoid in severe eczema or asthma due to alcohol contents)
-benzyl benzoate and permethrin- not recommended
What is the MHRA warning for head lice products
Some preparations are flammable
What is eczema and how do you treat it
Dry flaky skin- small red spots
The main types of eczemaL: irritant, allergic, contact and atopic
How to treat: emollients- either to apply or as a bath or shower emollient
- avoid aqueous creams due to high risk of skin reactions
Topical corticosteroids- can be used (mild steroids for face and genitals-hydrocortisone)
Antihistamines: not in atopic dermatitis
-Mild-mod use: pimecrolimus
-Mod-severe: tacrolimus
Severe refractory eczema:
Systemic medication: ciclosporin, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, MoAbs
What is psoriasis and how do you treat it
Skin thickening and silvery white scaling, raised and larger patches/plaques systemic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease (can be in joints too)
-emollients
Topical corticosteroids
Coal tar preparations
Vitamin D (topical or analogues)
Where topical treatment has failed:
Phototherapy: UVA/UVB through trained professional
Systemic treatment: methotrexate, cyclosporines or acitretin (second line)
What are the different potencies of topical corticosteroids
Mild: hydrocortisone 7 days otc
Moderate: clobetasone
Potent: betamethasone
Very potent: clobetasol
Prolonged use leads to skin thinning
Apply thinning
Do not apply to broken skin
What is the first line treatments for acne
Adapalene
Benzoyl peroxide
Clindamycin
Lyme/doxycycline
Erythromycin
What is isotretonin
Very potent medication used for severe acne
Need to take regular blood tests
Must be on pregnancy prevention programme
What are the two MHRA for isotretonoin
can cause rare erectile dysfunction and decreased libido
Is teratogenic: need pregnancy prevention programme
- contraception taken 1 month before and til 1 month after
Each prescription limited to 30 days supply
What are the side effects and cautions of using isotretonoin
Risk of neuropsychiatric reactions- seek medical attention in mood change
Cautions:
Avoid UV light, laser skin treatment, dermabrasion and epilation
How do you treat dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis
Treat with anti microbial: pyrithione zinc, selenium, tar extracts
More persistent or severe dandruff: ketoconazole shampoo
Psoriasis on the scalp: coal tar and salicylic acid
How do you treat hirsutism (hormonal or due to drugs)
Scalp condition when You have facial hair
Weight loss can reduce this in women
Can treat with laser therapy, eflornithine or co-cyprindiol
How do you treat alopecia
Finisteride or minoxidil
