Skin Disorder & Diseases Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
Bulla
A
Large Blister containing a watery fluid
3
Q
Cyst
A
Closed irregularly developed sac that contains pus, semi fluid , or morbid matter, above or below the skin ( can be drained )
4
Q
Tubercle
A
Contains pus or semi fluid ( cannot be drained )
5
Q
Macule
A
Flat spot or discoloration on the skin ( Freckle or “age spot ” )
6
Q
Nodule
A
Solid bump larger than 0.4 inch (1 centimeter ) that is easily felt
7
Q
Papule
A
Small Skin elevation ( no fluid but can develop pus )
(Ex: acne )
8
Q
Pustule
A
(Espinilla )
Inflamed papule containing white or yellow center containing pus
9
Q
Tumor
A
Any type of irregular mass varying in size
( not always cancer )
10
Q
Vesicle
A
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid ( similar to a rash ) ( poison Ivy )
11
Q
Wheal
A
Itchy swollen lesion caused by a scratch , insect bite (ex : Hives , mosquito bites )
12
Q
A
13
Q
Crust
A
Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing ( scab or Sore )
14
Q
Excoriation
A
Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
(Ex: nail cuticle damage from nail biting )
15
Q
Fissure
A
Crack in the skin that penetrates de dermis
(Ex : Severly cracked or chapped hands, lips, feet )
16
Q
Keloid
A
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
17
Q
Scale
A
Thin , dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes ( excessive dandruff or psoriasis )
18
Q
Scar or Cicatrix
A
Slightly raised or depressed skin area formed as a result of the healing process related to an injury or lesion
(Postoperative repair )
19
Q
Ulcer
A
Open skin lesions accompanied by loss of skin and possibly weeping of fluids or pus
(Chicken pox or herpes )
20
Q
Sebaceous Glands
A
Microscopic glands in the skin that secrete a fatty or oily substance called SEBUM to lubricate the skin
( too much can cause acne and cysts )
21
Q
Comedones
A
Noninflammed buildup of cells , sebum and other debris inside the follicles
22
Q
Open Comedo
A
Known as blackheads - a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum
23
Q
Closed Comedo
A
Whitehead - remains white because it is not exposed to the environment or oxidized
24
Q
Milia
A
Keratin filled cysts
( have no visible opening )
They develop when skin flakes become trapped in small pockets
25
Acné Vulgaris or Acne Simplex
Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland
26
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands ( characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling , stubborn dandruff or itchiness )
27
Rosacea
Chronic Condition that is characterized by flushing (redness )
28
Anhidrosis
Inability to sweat
29
Bromhidrosis
Foul - smelling sweat/perspiration ( usually noticed in the armpits or feet )
30
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating
31
Miliria Rubra
Prickly heat - inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles accompanied by burning , itching skin
32
Skin inflammation
Is a defense mechanism , occurs when something harmful or irritating affects a part of the body
33
Dermatitis
Generalized term for any inflammatory skin condition
34
Eczema
Uncomfortable inflammatory skin disease that is often chronic
(Moderate to severe inflammation, scaling , and sometimes severe itching )
35
Skin Infection
Infectious skin diseases caused by bacteria , fungi, viruses, or parasites
36
Conjunctivitis
( pinkeye ) may be caused by a bacterium or a virus EXTREMELY CONTAGIOUS
37
Impetigo
Contagious bacterial infection characterized by weeping lesions
(Staphylococcus bacteria usually cause it )
38
Herpes Simplex 1
Fever Blister or cold sore (contagious )
39
Hypertrophy
Irregular growth of the skin
40
keratoma
Thickened patch of epidermis ( ex: callus )
41
Skin Tag
Verrugas
42
Psoriasis
Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver- white scales
43
Verruca
Wart
44
Hyperpigmentation
Over production of pigment
45
Hypopigmentation
Lack of pigment
46
Chloasma
Hyperpigmentation is spots that are not elevated ) caused by esposion of sunlight )
47
Lentigines
Freckles ( exposed to sunlight and air )
48
Melasma
Hormonal hyperpigmentation
Appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control
49
Nevus
Birthmark (malformation of the skin )
50
Stain
Irregular skin discoloration (brown or wine )
51
Tan
Change in skin pigmentation due to sun exposure
52
Albinism
rare genetic condition ( no pigmentation )
53
Leukoderma
Light or white irregular patches due to burns, scar, inflammation
54
55
Vitiligo
Hypopigmentation spots and splotches of the skin ( must be protected from overexposure )
56
Retention Hyperkeratosis
Hereditary tendency for acne prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicles
57
Anaerobic
Bacteria that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
58
Grade 1 acne
Mild acne treated with over- the counter products
59
Grade 4 acne
Consisten breakouts and deep cysts that require medical intervention
60
Intrinsic Factors
Skin - aging factors we have little control over - due to years passing , wearing out the body or hereditary
61
Extrinsic Factors
Primarily environmental factors that contribute to skin aging
62
Free Radicals
Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging
63
How many percents of aging skin symptoms are caused by sun exposure
80 to 85 %
64
Benign Mole
Small Spot on the skin ranging in color from pale tan to brown bluish black
( not a type of skin cancer )
65
Basal Cell carcinoma
Most common, least severe skin cancer
( light pearly nodules )
66
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Red scaly or pink papeles or nodules ( open sores or crusty areas )
67
Malignant melanoma
least common but most dangerous form of skin cancer
Black or Dark brown patches that may appear uneven in textures
68
Contact dermatitis
Skin inflammation caused by contact with certain chemicals or substances
69
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Person develops an allergy usually caused by skin contact with the chemical
70
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis (not usually chronic if precautions are taken )
71
Canities
Gray or white hairs
72
Ringed hair
Variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair
73
Hirsuties
growth of terminal hair on a woman’s body in areas that typically do not have terminal hair such as the upper lip, chin , cheeks ( pelo grueso cómo en el cuello )
74
Hypertrichosis
Condition in which hair grows longer or thicker than usually
75
Trichoptilosis
Technical term for Split Ends
76
Trichorrhexis Nodosa
Technical term for knotted hair
-characterized by brittle hair and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft
77
Monilethrix
Technical term for beaded hair ( beaded appearance due to narrowing of the hair shaft )
78
Fragilitas Crinium
Technical term for brittle hair
79
Pityriasis
Technical term for dandruff - caused by malassezia
80
Pityriasis Capitis simplex
Classic dandruff - ( characterized by scalp irritation , large flakes , and itchy scalp )
81
Pityriasis Steatoides
Most severe case of dandruff - accompanied with redness and inflammation
82
Tinea
Technical term for ringworm ( itching , scales and sometimes painful circular lesions )
83
Tinea Capitis
Fungal scalp infection - known as ringworm of the scalp
84
Tinea Favosa
( honeycomb ringworm ) Dry yellow crusts on the scalp known as SCUTULA
85
Scabies
Highly contagious condition caused by mites called (sarcoptes Scabei ) that lay eggs inside the skin
(Spread by skin to skin contact )
86
Pediculosis Capitis
Infestation of the hair and scalp with HEAD LICE
87
Furuncle
Technical term for a boil ( infection of the tissue surrounding a hair follicle )
88
Carbuncles
Boils that from in a cluster ( caused by staphylococci and extend into the subcutaneous tissue )
89
1.
2.
3.
What skin layers in order
1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous layer ( tissue / fat )
90
Folliculitis
Inflammation or infection of the hair follicles ( small red bumps or white head pimples caused by ingrown hairs )
91
Beau’s Lines
Depressions running across nail’s plates due to slowing productions of matrix cells ( which causes the nail plate to grow thinner )
Results of serious illness or injury
92
Bruised Nail bed
Dark Purple spots due to small nail bed injury
93
Discolored Nail
Nails turn a variety of colors
( may indicate surface, staining , a systemic disorder or poor blood circulation )
94
Eggshell Nail
Thin white nail plate that is more flexible than usual
95
Hangnail
Damaged skin around the nail plate (often on the eponychium ) becomes split or torn
96
Leukonychia
Whitish discolored spots on the nails , usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix
97
Melanonychia
Significant nail darkening caused by increased pigment cells
98
Nail Pterygium
Irregular stretching of the eponychium or hyponychium around the nail plate
99
Onychophagy
Bitten Nails
100
Onychorrhexis
Irregular split or brittle nails appearing as nail plate surface roughness
101
Pincer Nails
(Trumpet Nail ) increased nail curvature of the free edge where the nail can curl upon itself or may be deformed only on one sidewall
102
Plicatured Nail
Folded Nail (highly curved nail inward )
103
Ridged Nail
Vertical groves in the plate (usually the result of aging )
104
Splinter Hemorrage
Damage to the capillaries under the nail ( giving the appearance of a splinter )
105
Nail Melanoma
A rare and serious type of skin cancer that begins in the matrix
106
Nail Psoriasis
Nail surface roughness and bed discoloration ‘
- Nail appears as if it has been files aggressively
107
Onychia
Matrix inflammation and nail shedding caused by infection or injury
108
Onychocryptosis
Ingrown nail
109
Onycholysis
Separation of nail plate and bed (often due to injury or allergic reactions
110
Onychomadesis
Separation and falling off a nail plate from the nail bed
111
Onychomycosis
Nail plate fungal infection , consists of whitish patches that can be scraped off the nail surface
112
Paronychia
Bacterial inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate causing pus, swelling, and redness
113
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Rapidly growing and contagious bacteria that can cause infection (yellow green spots to brown black spots )
114
Progenie Granuloma
Severe nail inflammation ( lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate )
115
Tinea Pedis
Fungal Infection of the feet ( athletes foot )
116
Anabolism
Requires energy ( combining to form a complex molecule )
117
Catabolism
Releases energy ( breaking complex molecules down into simple molecules )
