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Skin- glands Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 3 types of glands

A

-sebaceous glands
- merocrine (eccrine) glands
-apocrine glands

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2
Q

describe sebaceous glands

A

alveolar, holocrine glands, consisting of branched acini

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3
Q

how much of the cell is secreted in sebaceous glands

A

the entire cell

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4
Q

how many sebaceous glands are associated with a hair follicle

A

one or more, develop as outgrowths of external root sheath

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5
Q

what do sebaceous glands look like on a slide

A

foamy, almost like brown fat

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6
Q

what do sebaceous glands secrete and via what

A

oily sebum via pilosebaceous canal

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7
Q

what does the pilosebaceous canal contain

A

high in lipid content and cell debris

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8
Q

what is the function of sebum

A

used for waterproofing, moisturizing skin and hair

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9
Q

where are pilosebaceous canals also found

A

on non-haired transitional skin where they secrete sebum directly onto skin surface

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10
Q

what is seborrhea

A

excessive secretion of sebum

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11
Q

what makes a pilosebaceous unit

A

a hair follice and its associated arrector pili muscle and sebaceous gland

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12
Q

describe sweat glands

A

simple, coiled, tubular glands surrounded by myoepithelial cells, assist in secretion

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13
Q

what are the 2 types of sweat glands

A

merocrine and apocrine

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14
Q

what do follicle mites do

A

feed on sebaceous gland secretion on skin to keep sebaceous glands clear

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15
Q

what do merocrine glands secrete

A

only product

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16
Q

where are merocrine glands located in the body

A

most of body surface except lips and genitalia

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17
Q

where are merocrine glands located on a slide

A

deep dermis or subcutis

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18
Q

describe merocrine glands

A

unbranched, coiled, tubular glands with 1-2 layers of cuboidal to columnar epithelium with excretory ducts

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19
Q

what do merocrine glands secrete

A

sweat onto skin surface via sweat pore on epidermal ridges

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20
Q

what does sweat contain

A

hypotonic solution of salts, ammonia, urea, uric acid

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21
Q

what is the function of sweat

A

thermoregulation for evaporative cooling

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22
Q

where does body lose sweat from

A

600 ml/day from lungs, skin and mucous membranes

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23
Q

what part of the ANS is thermoregulatory sweating

A

cholinergic/parasympathetic

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24
Q

where does thermoregulatory sweating occur

A

first in axillae, then forehead and scalp, then hands and feet

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25
what part of the ANS is emotional sweating
adrenergic/sympathetic
26
where does emotional sweating occur
palms and soles
27
what is the alternative explanation to sweating
sweat glands innervated by sympathetic but use cholinergic nerves and dont use adrenaline
28
what do apocrine sweat glands secrete
product along with some cytoplasm
29
describe apocrine sweat glands
coiled, tubular with large dilated lumina
30
where are apocrine sweat glands located
in axillae, groin
31
when do apocrine sweat glands develop
at puberty
32
describe the epithelium in apocrine sweat glands
secretory, cuboidal epithelium, 2-3 cell layers thick, surround large glandular lumen
33
describe the secretions of apocrine glands
thick, viscid secretions into hair follicle that contain proteins, carbs, ammonia, lipids, and organic products
34
describe the odor of apocrine gland secretions
odorless when secreted but bacterial breakdown causes acrid odor
35
what is the secretion type in apocrine sweat glands
adrenergic
36
what type of glands are cerumen glands
apocrine
37
where do mammary glands develop
along paired epidermal ridges called mammary ridges or milk lines that extend from axillae to groin
38
what are mammary glands
highly modified apocrine sweat glands indentical in males and females until puberty
39
when and how do mammary glands develop in females
under influence of pituitary and ovarian hormones, following pregnancy, produce milk to feed young
40
what happens to mammary glands at menopause
atrophy and involute
41
what are inactive mammary glands composed of
dense, irregular collagenous CT, interspersed with adipose tissue and occasional smooth muscle
42
what are tubulo acinar glands organized into
secretory lobules
43
what are mammary glands drained by
terminal ducts that drain into lactiferous ducts which empty into lactiferous sinus in the region of the nipple
44
what is the areola
pigmented region around the nipple, stratified squamous epithelium with deep epidermal ridges
45
what glands do the areola contain
merocrine sweat and sebaceous glands
46
what happens to mamary glands during lactation
enlarge due to hypertrophy of secretory cells and accumulation of secretory product
47
what is colostrum and when is it secreted
-secreted first few days after birth - an alkaline, yellowish secretion with high protein and salt content and low lipid and carbohydrate -contains lots of Ab's important in passive immunity
48
what produces milk
merocrine and apocrine
49
what secretes the protein portion of milk?lipid portion?
protein- merocrine lipid-apocrine
50
what are meissner's corpuscles
mechanoreceptors/touch receptors in dermal ridges of papillary layer
51
where are messner's corpuscles located
hands, feet, lips genitalia
52
describe meissner's corpuscles
cylindrical structures - afferent nerve fibers associated with minimally modifed scwann cells
53
what are pacinian corpuscles
mechanoreceptors located in dermis and hypodermis
54
where are pacinian corpuscles located and what is their function
fingertips and around joints to detect mechanical vibratory pressure
55
describe pacinian corpuscles
- large ovoid structures - consist of afferent N fibers surrounded by highly modified schwann cells to form concentric lamellae separated by fluid filled spaced
56
what are ruffini corpuscles and where are they common
small dermal mechanoreceptors, especially common in soles of feet
57
what sensory modalities do ruffini corpuscles serve
heat.cold, touch, pain, movement
58
describe ruffini corpuscles
-lack CT capsule and associated schwann cells
59
what do ruffini corpuscles contain and where are these structures located
free nerve endings - present in epidermis and papillary dermis, surrounds most hair follicles
60
what are merkel cells
epidermal cells derived from neural crest
61
describe merkel cells and where theyre found
look like melanocytes, located in stratum basale and contain dense core granules that store serotonin
62
what type of sensory receptors are merkel cells
pressure sensitive mechanoreceptors, associated with free afferent nerve endings and merkel discs

Histology (27 decks)

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