Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
It is a physical barrier that protects the underlying tissues and organs from microorganisms, physical trauma, and dehydration?
A
Skin
2
Q
Layers of the skin?
A
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous Tissue
3
Q
Distinct layers of epidermis?
A
*stratum corneum
*stratum lucidum
*stratum granulosum
*stratum germinativum
4
Q
Connects the dermis to the epidermis?
A
Dermal Papillae
5
Q
Are attached to the hair follicles and therefore are present over most of the body?
A
Sebaceous glands
6
Q
Two types of sweat glands?
A
Eccrine glands
Apocrine glands
7
Q
This type of sweat gland is located over the entire skin?
A
Eccrine Glands
8
Q
Are associated with hair follicles in the axillae, perineum, and are usually of the breasts?
A
Apocrine
9
Q
A loose connective tissue containing fat cells, blood vessels, nerves and the remaining portions of the sweat glands?
A
Subcutaneous Tissue
10
Q
Two types of hair?
A
Vellus
Terminal
11
Q
Is short, pale, fine, and present over much of the body?
A
Vellus Hair
12
Q
Is longer, generally darker, and coarser than vellus hair?
A
Terminal Hair
13
Q
Hair develops within a sheath of epidermal cells called ____?
A
Hair Follicle
14
Q
Extends over the entire nail bed and has a pink tinge as a result of blood vessels underneath?
A
Nail body
15
Q
Is a crescent shaped area located at the base of the nail?
A
Lunula
16
Q
The conditions that are more common in darker skin are?
A
postinflammatory hyperpigmentation,
vitiligo,
pityriasis alba,
dry or ashy skin
17
Q
Characteristics of cancerous lessions?
A
Asymmetry
Irregular borders
Color variations
Diameter greater than 1/4 in or 6 mm
Evolving or changing over time
18
Q
Suggestive of underlying illness?
A
Pallor
Cyanosis
Jaundice
19
Q
May be seen with dry skin, aging, drug reaction, allergies, lice, tinea, insect bites, uremia, or obstructive jaundice?
A
Pruritus
20
Q
abnormal sensations of tingling breaking or burning are referred to as______?
A
Paresthesia
21
Q
Numbness or darling of the sensations of pain temperature and touch to the feet may be seen in ______?
A
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
22
Q
Uncontrolled body odor or excessive or insufficient perspiration may indicate an abnormality of the sweat glands or an endocrine problem such as _______?
A
Hypothyroidism &
Hyperthyroidism
23
Q
Patchy hair loss?
A
Alopacia
24
Q
Green, black or brown nail discoloration may indicate ____?
A
Bacterial Infection
25
Yellow, thick, crumbling nails are seen in _______?
Fungal Infection
26
Causes a white color and separation of the nail plate to the nail bed?
Yeast infection
27
Is a type of infection that is resistant to methicillin as well as to many other antibiotics?
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
28
Skin cancers occur in three types:
*Melanoma
*Basal Cell Carcinoma
*Squamous Cell Carcinoma
29
Is the most common skin cancer in whites?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
30
Most common skin cancer in darker skin?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
31
Cancers that are the most common worldwide and are also increasing in population heavily exposed to sunlight especially in areas of ozone depletion?
No melanocyte Skin Cancer
32
Is the most serious skin cancer?
Malignant Melanoma
33
Are a major cause of morbidity and mortality?
Pressure Injuries
34
Black, brown, or tan tissue that adheres firmly to the wound bed or ulcer edges and maybe either firmer or softer than surrounding skin?
4—Necrotic Tissue
35
Yellow or white tissue that adheres to the ulcer bed in strings or thick clamps or is mucinous?
3—Slough
36
Pink or beefy red tissue with a shiny, moist, granular appearance?
2—Granulation Tissue
37
For superficial ulcers new pink or shiny tissue that grows in from the edges or as islands on the ulcer surface?
1—Epithelial Tissue
38
The wound is completely covered with epithelium?
0—Closed/Resurfaced
39
This refers to the type of tissue that is present in the wound bed?
Tissue Type
40
If there is any necrotic tissue presentis scored as?
4
41
If there is any amount of slough present and necrotic tissue is absentis scored as?
3
42
If the wound is clean and contains granulation tissue is scored as?
2
43
a superficial wound that is re-epthelializing is scored as?
1
44
When the wound is closed is scored as?
0
45
PUSH stand for?
Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing
46
Is seen in arterial insufficiency, decreased blood supply, and anemia?
Pallor
47
May cause white skin to appear blue tinged, especially in the perioral, nailbed, and conjunctival areas?
Cyanosis
48
Two types of cyanosis?
Peripheral and Central cyanosis
49
Results from a cardiopulmonary problem?
Central Cyanosis
50
May be a local problem resulting from vasoconstriction?
Peripheral Cyanosis
51
Is characterized by yellow skin tones ranging from pale to pumpkin particularly of the sclera oral mucosa, palms and soles?
Jaundice
52
Is velvety darkening of skin in body folds and greases especially the neck, groin, and axilla?
Acanthosis nigricans
53
Reddish or darkened butterfly rash across the bridge of the nose and cheeks?
Malar Rash
54
Is seen in inflammation, allergic reaction, or trauma?
Erythema
55
Lession Distribution?
Diffuse (scattered all over)
Localized or Sun-exposed
56
Lession Configuration?
*Discrete (Separate and Distinct)
*Grouped (Clustered)
*Confluent (Merged)
*Linear (In a line)
*Annular and arciform(Circular or Arcing)
*Zosteriform (linear along a nerve route)
57
Blue - Green fluorescence indicates?
Fungal Infection
58
Skin texture abnormal findings?
*Rough
*Flaky
*Dry Skin
59
Rough, flaky, and dry skin is seen in?
Hypothyroidism
60
Excessive scaliness may indicate _____?
Dermatitis
61
Pustules with hair loss in patches are seen in ______?
Tinea capitis
62
Infection of the hair follicle?
Folliculitis
63
Facial hair on females?
Hirsutism
64
Is a characteristic of cushing disease and polycystic ovary syndrome and results from imbalance of adrenal hormones or it may be a side effect of steroids?
Hirsutism
65
180-degree angle with a spongy sensation?
Early Clubbing
66
Greater than 180-degree angle nail shape?
Late clubbing
67
May be present with iron deficiency anemia?
Spoon Nails
68
Thickened nails may be caused by decreased circulation and are also seen in ____?
Onychomycosis
69
Inflammation indicates local infection of the tissue surrounding the nails?
Paronychia
70
Detachment of nail plate from nail bed is seen in infection or trauma?
Onycholysis
71
there is a slow capillary nail bed refill with respiratory or cardiovascular disease that cause ____?
Hypoxia
72
Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. It always burns and it is pale, red hair, and frickle?
Type 1
73
Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Usually burns, sometimes tans. With fair skin?
Type II
74
Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. May burns, usually tans. Darker skin?
Type III
75
Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Rarely burns, always tan. Mediterranean?
Type IV
76
Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Moderate constitution pigmentation. Latin American, middle east?
Type V
77
Skin classification based on their reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Marked constitutional pigmentation. Black?
Type VI
78
Flat, small macules of pigment that appear following sun exposure?
Freckles
79
Depigmentation of the skin?
Vitiligo
80
Sometimes called stretch marks?
Striae
81
A warty or crusty pigmented skin?
Seborrheic Wart
82
A flat or raised tan/brownish making up 6 mm wide?
Mole/nevus
83
Raised papule with a depressed center?
Cutaneous tag
84
A well-circumscribed, hyperkeratotic lesion with a height that is more than half of the diameter of its base?
Cutaneous horn
85
Small raised spots typically seen with aging?
Cherry angiomas
86
Common hair disorders?
*Traction Alopacia
*Alopacia Totalis
87
Stages of pressure injury?
Stage 1: Non-blanching Erythema Of Intact Skin.
Stage 2: Partial-thickness Skin Loss With Exposed Dermis
Stage 3: Full-Thickness Skin Loss
Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin and Tissue Loss
88
Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change?
Macule and Patch
89
Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid?
Vesicle and Bulla
90
Elevated, palpable, solid mass?
Papule and Plaque
91
Elevated mass with transient borders that are often irregular?
Wheal
92
Elevated, solid, palpable mass that extends deeper into dermis than a papule?
Nodule and tumor
93
Primary Skin Lesions?
*Macule and Patch
*Vesicle and Bulla
*Papule and Plaque
*Wheal
*Nodule
*Wheal
*Pustule
*Cyst
94
Pus-filled vesicle or bulla?
Pustule
95
Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis?
Cyst
96
Secondary skin lesions?
*Erosion
*Scar
*Ulcer
*Fissure
97
Loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to the dermis?
Erosion
98
Skin loss extending past epidermis with necrotic tissue loss?
Ulcer
99
Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue?
Scar
100
Linear crack in the skin that may extend to the dermis and may be painful?
Fissure
101
Vascular skin lesions?
*Petechiae
*Ecchymosis
*Hematoma
*Cherry angioma
*Spider angioma
*Telangiectasia
102
Round red or purple that is 1 to 2 mm in size. It is a secondary to blood extravasation and associated with trauma and bleeding tendencies?
Petechiae
103
Round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion. The color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with trauma and bleeding tendencies?
Ecchymosis
104
A localized collection of blood creative elevated ecchymosis. It is associated with trauma?
Hematoma
105
Papular and round red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities. It may blanch with pressure. It is a normal age related skin alteration and usually not clinically significant?
Cherry Angioma
106
Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches. It is usually noted on the face neck arms and trunk. It is rare below the waist?
Spider angioma
107
Bluish or.res lesion with varying shape found on the legs and anterior chest?
Telangiectasia
108
Used to detect signs of skin cancer?
ABCDE
109
ABCDE stands for?
Asymmetry
Borders
Color
Diameter
Elevated
110
Configuration of skin lesions?
Linear
Annular
Clustered
Discrete
Nummular
Confluent
111
Straight line, as in a scratch or streak. An example is dermatographism?
Linear Configuration
112
Circular lesion. Example is tinea corporis?
Annular Configuration
113
Lesion grouped together. An example is herpes complex?
Clustered Configuration
114
Individual and distict lesion. An example is a multiple nevi?
Discrete Configuration
115
Coin-shaped lesions. An example is nummular eczema?
Nummular Configuration
116
Smaller lesions run together to form larger lesion. An example is tinea versicolor?
Confluent Configuration
117
Common nail disorders?
*Longitudinal Ridging
*Half-and-half nails
*Pitting
*Koilonychia
*Yellow nail syndrome
*Paronychia
118
Parallel ridges running lengthwise. May be seen in the elderly and some young people with no known etiology?
Longitudinal Ridging
119
Nails that are white on the upper proximal half and pink on the distal half. May be seen in chronic renal disease?
Half-and-half Nails
120
Seen with psoriasis?
Pitting
121
Spoon-shaped nails that may be seen with trauma to cuticles or nail folds or iin iron deficiency anemia or endocrine or cardiac disease?
Koilonychia
122
Yellow nails grow slow and are curved. May be seen in AIDS and respiratory syndrome?
Yellow Nail Syndrome
123
Local infection of the nails?
Paronychia
124
Small, flat, nonpalpable skin color change. Less than 1cm with a circumscribed border?
Macule
125
Small, flat, nonpalpable skin change in color. Greater than 1cm, and may have an irregular borders?
Patches
126
Elevated, palpable, solid mass. Have a circumscribed border and are less than 0.5 cm?
Papule
127
Elevated, palpable, solid mass. Greater than 0.5 cm and may be coalesced papules with flat tops?
Plaques
128
Elevated, solid, palpable mass and extends deeper into dermis than papule and are 0.5 to 2 cm and circumscribed?
Nodules
129
Elevated, solid, palpable mass and extends deeper into dermis than papule and are greater than 1 to 2 cm and do not always have sharp borders?
Tumor
130
Circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid and are less than 0.5 cm?
Vesicle
131
Circumscribed, elevated, palpable mass containing serous fluid and are greater than 0.5?
Bulla
