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Skin infections Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What are the main causes of skin infections?

A
  1. Dermatophytes
  2. Yeast
  3. Moulds
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2
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

Common label for group of 3 types of fungus that cause skin disease

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3
Q

What are infections caused by dermatophytes called?

A

Tinea or ringworm

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4
Q

what are the three main types of tinea? where do they effect ?

A

Tinea capitis - scalp
tinea corporis - trunk, legs or arms
tinea pedis - feet

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5
Q

What are complications of tinea capitis?

A

scarring alopecia

kerion - raised pustular spongy/boggy mass

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6
Q

how can skin infections be diagnosed?

A

skin scrapings from the edge of the lesion
specimens from hair pulls and nail clippings in folds of black paper
Microscopy and culture
Swabs if candida suspected

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7
Q

What is the management of tinea capitis?

A

oral antifungals (griseofulvin) + topical ketoconazole

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8
Q

What is tinea corporis treated w?

A

Oral fluconazole

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9
Q

What is tinea pedis also known as?how does tinea pedis characteristically present?

A

athletes foot

itchy peeling skin between toes

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10
Q

What are common causes of yeast infections?

A

Candida e.g. albicans

Malassezia

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11
Q

What infections do Candida albicans cause?

A

oral candidiasis - thrush

yeast infection - vagina (vaginal thrush)

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12
Q

What areas of the skin does candida cause?

A

Mouth, vagina, glans, skin folds/ toe web, nails

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13
Q

How does skin appear in candida infections?

A

Pink and moist +/- satellite lesions

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14
Q

What infections do malassezia cause?

A

seborrhoeic dermatitis

pityriasis versicolour

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15
Q

How does pityriasis versicolour present?

A

multiple hypo or hyper pigmented scaly macules on upper trunk and back

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16
Q

What is the treatment of oral candida?

A

nystatin

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17
Q

What is the treatment of vaginal candida

A

imidazole

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18
Q

What is the treatment of pityriasis versicolour?

A

selenium sulphide shampoo OD for 1 week

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19
Q

What is impetigo?

A

superficial bacterial skin infection usually caused by s.aureus or strep.pyogenes

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20
Q

What group of ppl is impetigo common in?

A

children (peak 2-5yrs)

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21
Q

what ares are often infected by impetigo? describe the appearance of the infection

A

nose and face

honey coloured crusts on erythematous base

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22
Q

How is impetigo spread?

A

direct contact w discharges from scabs of infected person

bacteria invade through minor abrasions and spread to other sites by scratching so V contagious

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23
Q

What is the initial treatment of impetigo? what if it is more severe?

A
  1. topical abx - fusidic acid, mupirocin

2. oral abx - fluclox

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24
Q

What is terbinafine indicated in?

A

tinea corporis/pedis
cutaneous candidiasis
pityriasis versicolour

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25
what is erysipelas?
sharply defined superficial infection caused by strep pyogenes
26
How does erysipelas present?
affects face (unilateral) w fever + raised WCC
27
What is the treatment of erysipelas?
systemic penicillin
28
What is cellulitis?
acute infection of skin and soft tissues
29
What organisms cause cellulitis?
beta haemolytic streps (progenies) + staphs
30
What is the difference between erysipelas and cellulitis?
Erysipelas - lesions more localised w clearly demarcated boundaries Cellulitis - lesions generalised and lack well-defined margins
31
How does cellulitis present?
pain swelling erythema warmth systemic upset | lymphadenopathy
32
What is the treatment of cellulitis?
1. elevate legs | 2. benpen IV + fluclox PO
33
How can skin TB present?
lupus vulgaris - patch of red-brown jelly nodules | scrofuloderma
34
what is scrofuloderma
direct extension of TB to skin from deep structure
35
What causes warts?
human papilloma virus in keratinocytes
36
What groups of ppl are common warts more common?
children and young adults
37
what is a complication of common warts?
SCC
38
what is used to treat common warts?
1. wait and see 2. salicylic acid 3. cryotherapy 4. topical 5-fluorouracil
39
what are plantar warts?
warts on soles of hands and feet (aka verruca)
40
how do u treat plantar warts?
abrade | salicylic acid
41
how do u treat genital warts?
cryotherapy +/- podophyllin or imiquimod cream | screen for other STI
42
in addition to pharmacological treatment of genital warts, what should you consider in women?
yearly cervical cytology (HPV16+18/cervical cancer)
43
What is molluscum contagiosum? what causes it?
i. viral infection of the skin that results in small, raised, pink lesions with a dimple in the center ii. poxvirus
44
what age group is molluscum contagiosum common in?
children
45
what is molloscum contagiosum associated w
atopic eczema
46
Which strains of herpes simplex cause skin infection?
HSV-1 and 2
47
how can herpes simplex infection present?
1. primary infection - severe gingivostomatitis 2. cold sores 3. painful genital ulceration
48
When is treatment of herpes simplex indicated? what drug is used
to preven tor reduce severity of recurrences | topical aciclovir
49
When is systemic treatment of herpes simplex indicated?
immunosuppressed | frequent recurrent genital herpes
50
What causes herpes zoster?
when the varicella zoster vires becomes dormant in dorsal root ganglia
51
What is herpes zoster also known as?
shingles
52
how does herpes zoster present?
- pain and malaise before rash | - polymorphic red papules, vesicles, pustules
53
what is post herpetic neuralgia?
neuropathic pain confined to a dermatome due to damage of a peripheral nerve caused by reactivation of VZV
54
What is the rx of mild herpes zoster
none
55
what is the rx of severe herpes zoster
aciclovir PO for 1 week
56
how can herpes zoster be prevented?
varicella zoster vaccine in >60yrs | immune globulin
57
When would you give oral fluconazole for fungal infections?
widespread fungal disease
58
are fungal infections associated w poor hygiene?
can be e.g. swimming
59
Can you get fungal infections from animals?
yes and other people and sometimes even inanimate objects
60
what is ringworm of the nails called?
tinea unguium
61
What is clotrimazole indicated for?
fungal skin infections | vaginal candidiasis

Dermatology (11 decks)

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