skin infections

Question 1

what location skin infections usually occur in

Answer 1

hot humid environment in poor populations

Question 2

what is staph aureus and why is it dangerous, with example of toxin

Answer 2

gram+ COMMENSAL bacteria that produces different toxins eg exfoliative toxin that causes blisters

Question 3

DIAGRAM different types of staph aureus skin infections

Answer 3

IMPETIGO if it infects corneal layer of epigerminis, ECTHYMA if it affects whole of epidermis, FOLLICULITIS, BOLI, and CARBUNCLE if it affects mouth, if it’s an abscess, or abscess of many hair follicles respectively

Question 4

DIAGRAM how empitigo looks and what else can happen

Answer 4

golden and crusty, may also have blisters due to exfoliative toxin ie BULLOUS empitigio

Question 5

DIAGRAM how staph aureus affects children

Answer 5

rather than empitigo, it causes a SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME, where surface of skin is affected

Question 6

what is treponema pallidum

Answer 6

gram- bacteria that causes SYPHILIS (STI)

Question 7

stages of syphilis

Answer 7

primary (painless ulcer/CHANCRE in genital region), which becomes secondary (systemic rash and lymphadenopathy), then becomes latent (with no clinical signs), and becomes tertiary (skin, neural and vascular issues eg THORACIC ANEURYSM)

Question 8

congenital syphilis

Answer 8

passed from mother to baby- usually causes misscarriage

Question 9

HSV- types and presentation

Answer 9

type 1 (oral), type 2 (genital)- leads to small vesicular rashes, ECZEMA HERPETICUM (those with eczema vulnerable to HSV infection)

Question 10

varicella zoster (VZV)/herpes zoster- what it causes and presentation, and who usually affected

Answer 10

causes chickenpox- starts with feeling unwell/fever, then will develop small vesicular rash (mainly face and trunk): can then lead to issues like pneumonia if in older ppl (not dangerous in children)

Question 11

types of SUPERFICIAL skin fungal infections and what both grow on

Answer 11

dermatophytes (mould), which grow on KERATIN, or yeasts (Candid), which grow on warm wet surfaces ie body folds like under breast

Question 12

types of dermatophyte infections

Answer 12

TINEA UNGUIUM (yellow crusty nails), TINEA CAPITIS (crusty scalp in ONLY children, if very concentrated in a small area it’s called KERION)

Question 13

scabies- what causes it

Answer 13

caused by a mite, which lays eggs on top layer of EPIDERMIS

Question 14

diagnosis of scabies

Answer 14

look for BURROWS (very small S shaped line)- often found in genital area, axila, around fingers: also leads to eczema like rash