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skin structure and function Flashcards

1
Q

The skin provides a ________ that regulates water loss

A

physical barrier

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2
Q

Skin protects against

A

mechanical, chemical, and microbial insults

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3
Q

chronic skin condition associated with barrier dysfunction of filaggrin

A

atopic dermatitis

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4
Q

atopic dermatitis

A
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5
Q

The skin helps maintain ___________ with the insulating properties of fat and hair

A

constant body tomperature

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6
Q

Temperature regulation: Accelerating heat loss with _________ and a dense superficial microbasculature

A

sweat production

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7
Q

dysfunction of temperature regulation

A

hyper or hypothermia

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8
Q

the dark pigment ______ in the _____ protects the cells against Ultraviolet radiation

A

melanin

epidermis

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9
Q

Dysfuntion of _________ causes the patient to be more susceptible to skin cancer

A

melanin

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10
Q

_____________ receptors allow constant monitoring of the environment

A

sensory

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11
Q

_______ in the skin are important for interaction with physical objects

A

mechanoreceptors

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12
Q

itching

A

pruritis

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13
Q

dysesthesia

A

abnormal sesnation

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14
Q

four phases of cutaneous wound repair process

A
  • coagulation
  • inflammation
  • proliferative-migratory phase (tissue formation)
  • remodeling
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15
Q

loss of ability to repair injury leads to

A

delayed wound healing

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16
Q

HIV associated lipoatrophy

A

loss of fat throught the face, atrophy of buccal fat pads gives the appearance of facial wasting

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17
Q

three layers of the skin

A

epidermis

dermis

subcutis

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18
Q

topmost layer of skin and its composition

A

epidermis consists primarily of keratinocytes

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19
Q

contents of dermis

A

fibroblasts, collagen, elastic fibers

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20
Q

deepest layer of skin

A

subcutis or hypodermis

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21
Q

subcutis cells

A

fat and larger blood vessels

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22
Q

layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep

A

stratum corneum

(stratum lucideum)

stratum granulosum

stratum spinosum

stratum basale

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23
Q

it takes _______ for basal cells to reach the stratum corneum

A

2 weeks

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24
Q

it takes _____ for epidermal cells to shed

A

2 weeks

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25
which layer does epidermal cell division happen?
basal layer
26
keratinocytes start in basal layer and move
upward
27
most common form of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
28
basal cell carcinoma histology
pearly, erythematous papules or plaues with rolled borders and telangectasias in sun exposed areas
29
spinous layer
center of epidermous has a spiny appearance due to desmosomal junctions which hold keratinocytes together
30
lipids produced by the keratinocytes in the\_\_\_\_\_ cell layer and secreted into the exgtracellular space between the keratinocytes forms a ______ that keeps ___ in the skin
granular water barrier water
31
stratum corneum
desquamating keratinocytes thick outer layers of flattened keratinized non nucleated cells provide a barrier against trauma and infections
32
stratum corneum is similar to
brick and mortar brick - flattened keratinocytes with keratin and fillagrin mortar - lipid mixture, which surrounds the keratinocytes and provides the water barrier
33
\_\_\_\_\_ retains water within the keratinocytes and is found in what cell layer?
filaggrin granular
34
bullous pemphigoid
autoimmune blistering disease with autoantibodies to antigents on hemidesmosomes that anchor basal layer to dermis presents as tense bullae on an erythematous base epidermis forms roof of blister and dermis forms base
35
Psoriasis
the rate of epidermal turnover is increased scaling of startum corneum
36
in psoriasis, the accelarated rate of movement through the epidermis doesn't allow adequate time for ______ which is recognized as \_\_\_\_\_
differentiation scale
37
what condition?
HIV lipoatrophy
38
layers of skin
39
bullous pemphigoid epidermis and bottom layer is dermis
40
psoriasis
41
three types of cells in epidermis
keratinocytes melanocytes langerhans cells
42
majority of cells in epidermis
keratinocytes
43
keratinocytes are held together by
desmosomes
44
melanocytes what they produce where they are found
staggered along the basal layer about 1 in every 10 keratinocytes produce and transfer a pigment called melanin in the basal layer
45
melanocytic nevi
moles, benign collections of melanocytes
46
melanoma
malignancy of melanocytes
47
melanoma
48
langerhans cells
dendritic cells found in the mid-epidermis
49
Langerhans cells function in the ______ lumb of the immune response by ...
afferent providing for the recognition, uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens to sensitized T lymphocutes
50
langerhans cells are important in the induction of
delayed hypersensitivity reactions
51
common skin disease in which langerhans play a prominent role is
allergic contact dermatitis
52
what cells are these
langerhans cells
53
contact dermatitis from poison oak
54
layers of the dermis
papillary dermis reticular dermis
55
56
red = epidermis blue= sebaceous gland green = reticular dermis yellow = hair follicle
57
how thick is the dermis?
thicker than epidermis between 1-4 mm thick
58
contents of dermis
blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves which supply the skin sweat glands and hair follices
59
types of cells in the dermis
fibroblasts and mast cells
60
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are responsible for synthesis and degradation of connective tissue proteins
fibroblasts
61
these cells are instrumental in wound helaing and scarring
fibroblasts
62
keloids
abnormal scars - result from uncontrolled synthesis and excessive deposition of colalgen at sites of prior dermal injury and wound repair
63
mast cells
specialized cells that are responsible for immediate- type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin release histamine
64
major effector cell in urticaria
mast cell
65
urticaria
vascular reaction of the skin characterized by wheals surrounded by a red halo or flare
66
keloids
67
The fat layer which separates the dermis from deeper underlying structures such as fascia and muscles
subcutis
68
subcutis
insulates the body, serves as an energy supply, cushions and protects the skin, and allows for mobility over underlying structures
69
erythema nodusum
panniculitis (inflamation of the subcutis) deep seated erythematous nodules typically on the shins may be idopathic or a reaction to infections, medications or autoimmune (crohns) disease
70
pilosebaceous unit
hair/oil gland unit 1. hair follicle 2. sebaceous (oil) glands 3. apocrine sweat glands (axillary and anogenital) 4. arrector pili muscle - goosebumps
71
acne vulgaris
disorder of the pilsebaceous unit - plugging of hair follicle as a result of abnormal keratinizatino of the upper portion p. acnes bacteria in the hair follcle lives on oil and breaks it down to free fatty acids which cause inflammation
72
eccrine glands
sweat glands that do not involve the hair follicle open directly onto the skin so cooling evaporation can take place
73
molluscum contagiosum
a skin infection caused by HIV
74
molluscum contagio\sum

Derm (8 decks)

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