Sleep Pharmacology Flashcards
(31 cards)
3 benzos that can potentially be used for sleep (not recommended long term) and not really commonly used anymore
temazepam
flurazepam
triazolam
name 4 “z drugs” and their MOA
zolpidem
esszoplicone
zoplicone
zaleplon
bind to the BDZ1 omega subunit on the GABA receptor
true or false
females are started at lower doses than males on zolpidem
true
true or false
the Z drugs have MINIMAL withdrawal reaction
true
true or false
the z drugs have a lot of rebound insomnia when d/c’ed, and also have a lot of tolerance
false - little rebound insomnia when d/c’ed, and little tolerance
true or false
zolpidem helps maintain sleep
true
BBW of Z drugs
CSB (complex sleep behaviors)
not BBW - but has morning after amnestic effecs
true or false
both zopiclone and eszopiclone have been shown to help maintain sleep
true
what is the z drug that does NOT appear to maintain sleep
zaleplon
only seems to help with initiation
AE of zopiclone and eszopiclone
NVD
changes in taste
CSB
headache
dry mouth
AE zolpidem
CSB, morning after amnestic
NVD, anxiety, dizzy, drowsy, nightmares, fatigue, headache, irritability, double vision, muscle tremors
what is buspirone
a 5HT1A agonist
ramelteon MOA
melatonin (MT1 and M2T) agonist
melatonin moa
MT1A (melatonin) receptor agonist
ADR ramelteon
NVD
taste change
decreased cortisol
joint and muscle pain
dizzy
fatigue
insomnia
somnolence
depression
name 2 orexin antagonists
bellsomra
dayvigo
what receptors do bellsomra and dayvigo act on
block OX1/OX2 receptors
exact MOA of the orexin antagonists
GPCR receptor
decreased intracellular calcium, Na+/Ca++ exchanger reduced - reduced neuronal excitability - decreased depolarization
true or false
orexin antagonists result in the reduction in ICF Ca++ Na+/a++ exchange pump
true - results in decreased neuronal excitability
effect of orexin antagonists on NMDA receptors
decreased expression of NMDA receptors
decreased neuronal excitability
ADR orexin antagonists
NVD, headache, drowsy, dizzy
next day drowsiness, abnormal dreams, sleep paralysis, hallucination, diarrhea, dry mouth, cough
3 antihistamines for sleep and their ADR
diphenhydramine, doxylamine, hydroxyzine
morning after drowsiness, tolerance, hangover effect
trazodone MOA
serotonin reuptake inhibitor
blocks 5HT-2 receptors
many ADR
valerian ADR
CV - palpitations
also a powerful CYP3A4 inhibitor
