Slide 1 - Intro And Reproduction Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is Genetics?
The study of heredity
Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
Where is DNA primarily found?
In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
DNA condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
What is the structure of DNA in most of the cell’s life?
Chromatin (thread-like)
DNA forms chromosomes during cell division (mitosis).
What are genes?
Sequences of DNA that contain specific instructions for the cell
Their locations are called loci (singular-locus).
How many chromosomes do humans have in each cell?
46 chromosomes
This excludes reproductive cells and cells affected by genetic disorders.
What is asexual reproduction?
The formation of a new individual from a single parent
Mitosis is the process where two identical daughter cells are formed from a single parent cell.
List advantages of asexual reproduction.
- Doesn’t require another parent
- Occurs rapidly
- Produces genetically identical copies
- No specialized anatomy for mating
- No special sexual behaviors
List disadvantages of asexual reproduction.
- No genetic diversity
- Vulnerable to environmental changes
- One mutation can affect all copies equally
What is sexual reproduction?
The formation of offspring when genetic information from two sex cells combine
Offspring obtains half of its genetic information from each parent.
What is the role of haploid cells in sexual reproduction?
They combine to form a diploid cell (zygote) through fertilization
Haploid cells are produced by meiosis.
List advantages of sexual reproduction.
- Creates genetically variable offspring
- Increased adaptability to changes
List disadvantages of sexual reproduction.
- Requires energy for specialized sexual characteristics
- Mating can be competitive and energy-consuming
- Specialized characteristics may risk survival
Fill in the blank: ______ is when two haploid cells combine to form a diploid cell.
[Fertilization]
What are the two types of chromosome numbers?
- Diploid
- Haploid
Fill in the blank: Chromosomes are made up of ______.
Chromatin
What structure organizes and condenses DNA during cell division?
Chromosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
What is the role of genes in reproduction?
Genes carry the information for traits passed from parents to offspring.
True or False: Each chromosome contains multiple genes.
True
What term describes the visible structure of DNA and protein in the nucleus during cell division?
Chromosome
Fill in the blank: The number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell is ______.
46
What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA, while chromosomes are the condensed form during cell division.
Multiple choice: How many chromosomes do human gametes contain? A) 46 B) 23 C) 22 D) 44
B) 23
True or False: Genes are located on chromosomes.
True
