Slide 2 - Mitosis Flashcards
(41 cards)
What type of cells contain two sets of chromosomes?
Diploid cells
Diploid cells are typical body cells, excluding reproductive cells, and have chromosomes in pairs.
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
Humans have a total of 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
What type of cells are sperm and eggs classified as?
Haploid cells
Haploid cells contain half the number of chromosomes as diploid cells.
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
To divide the DNA in one nucleus into two new nuclei
Mitosis is a critical process in the eukaryotic cell cycle.
List the six phases of the cell cycle.
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
What happens during interphase of the cell cycle?
Cell grows, copies organelles, and replicates genetic material
Interphase consists of three phases: G1 (gap 1), S (synthesis), and G2 (gap 2).
What occurs during prophase?
- Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- Nuclear membranes dissolve
- Centrioles move to opposite ends
- Spindle fibres begin to form
Chromosomes are double-stranded due to replication in interphase.
What is the arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase?
Chromosomes are aligned along the center of the cell
Spindle fibres are attached to the centromeres during this phase.
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to either end of the cell
Once separated, they are referred to as single-stranded chromosomes.
What occurs during telophase?
- Chromosomes begin to unravel back into chromatin
- Spindle fibres dissolve
- Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform
At the end of telophase, there is one cell with two nuclei.
Describe cytokinesis in animal cells.
Cytoplasm divides and the cell membrane forms a furrow that pinches together
This process separates the two new cells formed after mitosis.
How does cytokinesis differ in plant cells compared to animal cells?
In plant cells, vesicles fuse along the midline to form a new cell wall
This process occurs instead of a furrow as seen in animal cells.
Fill in the blank: Somatic cells are typically __________ cells.
diploid
Somatic cells are the body cells excluding reproductive cells.
True or False: Gametes contain the same number of chromosomes as somatic cells.
False
Gametes are haploid and contain half the number of chromosomes compared to somatic cells.
What is the significance of checkpoints during interphase?
To ensure the cell is prepared for cell division
Checkpoints help prevent errors in the cell cycle.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
True or False: Mitosis is responsible for sexual reproduction.
False
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane?
Metaphase
Fill in the blank: The phase of mitosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down is called _______.
Prophase
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
The main purpose of mitosis is to enable growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
Anaphase
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a phase of mitosis? A) Telophase B) Interphase C) Prophase D) Metaphase
B) Interphase
What structure pulls the chromosomes apart during mitosis?
Spindle fibers
True or False: Mitosis occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
False
