Slide 3 - Meiosis

Question 1

What are somatic cells?

Answer 1

Cells that have two of each chromosome, one from each parent

Question 2

What is a karyotype?

Answer 2

Photos of chromosomes during mitosis that are stained to show pairs

Question 3

What type of cells are produced through meiosis?

Answer 3

Sex cells or gametes (sperm or egg in humans)

Question 4

What chromosomes determine male gender?

Answer 4

XY chromosomes

Question 5

What chromosomes do females carry?

Answer 5

XX chromosomes

Question 6

What is the primary function of homologous chromosomes?

Answer 6

They code for the same traits at the same loci

Question 7

What are gametes?

Answer 7

Haploid cells produced through meiosis

Question 8

What are the two main types of gametogenesis in humans?

Answer 8

*Spermatogenesis (males) *Oogenesis (females)

Question 9

How many haploid cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

Answer 9

Four haploid cells that are all different

Question 10

What is the first phase of meiosis called?

Answer 10

Meiosis I

Question 11

What is the second phase of meiosis called?

Answer 11

Meiosis II

Question 12

What must occur before any division process in meiosis?

Answer 12

DNA replication

Question 13

What is synapsis?

Answer 13

The coming together of homologous pairs in prophase I

Question 14

What are tetrads?

Answer 14

Pairs of homologous chromosomes formed during synapsis

Question 15

What is crossing over?

Answer 15

The exchange of genetic information between sister chromatids

Question 16

What happens during metaphase I?

Answer 16

Tetrads line up as pairs along the equator of the cell

Question 17

What is independent assortment?

Answer 17

The random alignment of tetrads during metaphase I that increases genetic variability

Question 18

What does reduction division refer to in meiosis?

Answer 18

The process in telophase I where each nucleus has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell

Question 19

What is significant about the nuclei formed at the end of meiosis I?

Answer 19

They are not identical to one another

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The combination possibilities of chromosomes created during meiosis is represented by _______.

Answer 20

2^n, where n = haploid number

Question 21

True or False: Sister chromatids are separated during meiosis I.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is meiosis?

Answer 22

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of gametes.

Question 23

True or False: Meiosis results in two identical daughter cells.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

Answer 24

Meiosis produces gametes, which are essential for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Meiosis consists of ____ sequential divisions.

Answer 25

two

Question 26

What are the two main stages of meiosis?

Answer 26

Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

Question 27

How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

Answer 27

Meiosis introduces genetic variation through processes like crossing over and independent assortment.

Question 28

Multiple Choice: What process occurs during prophase I of meiosis that increases genetic variation? A) DNA replication B) Crossing over C) Cytokinesis D) Chromosome condensation

Answer 28

B) Crossing over

Question 29

What is independent assortment?

Answer 29

Independent assortment is the random distribution of homologous chromosomes into gametes during meiosis.

Question 30

True or False: Independent assortment occurs during meiosis II.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the result of independent assortment?

Answer 31

It leads to a variety of genetic combinations in the gametes.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes is known as _____.

Answer 32

crossing over

Question 33

What is the importance of genetic diversity in a population?

Answer 33

Genetic diversity enhances survival and adaptability of a population in changing environments.

Question 34

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a result of meiosis? A) Genetic diversity B) Diploid cells C) Haploid gametes D) Reduced chromosome number

Answer 34

B) Diploid cells

Question 35

What are gametes?

Answer 35

Gametes are haploid reproductive cells, such as sperm and eggs, produced by meiosis.

Question 36

True or False: Meiosis occurs in somatic cells.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The phase where homologous chromosomes are separated is called _____.

Answer 37

anaphase I

Question 38

What is the role of spindle fibers during meiosis?

Answer 38

Spindle fibers help separate the chromosomes and move them to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 39

Multiple Choice: During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate? A) Prophase I B) Metaphase I C) Anaphase II D) Telophase I

Answer 39

C) Anaphase II

Question 40

What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 40

Meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells, while mitosis produces two identical diploid cells.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The process by which an organism's traits are passed to the next generation is called _____.

Answer 41

inheritance

Question 42

True or False: Crossing over occurs during meiosis II.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What is the result of crossing over?

Answer 43

It creates new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes.

Question 44

Multiple Choice: In humans, how many chromosomes are in a gamete? A) 23 B) 46 C) 22 D) 44

Answer 44

A) 23

Question 45

What is the significance of the reduction in chromosome number during meiosis?

Answer 45

It ensures that offspring have the correct number of chromosomes when gametes fuse during fertilization.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an individual is known as its _____.

Answer 46

genotype