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MSK-Derm by Minnie > SM 219a - Bone Histology > Flashcards

SM 219a - Bone Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

A

Haversian System (aka Osteon)

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2
Q

What is the source of new material for the growth in length of a bone?

A

Dividing cartilage cells

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3
Q

Which part of the bone is indicated by #6?

A

Cortex

Made up of lamellar (compact) bone

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4
Q

What structure is #1 pointing to?

A

Osteoid

(An unmineralized, organic portion of the matrix)

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5
Q

What kind of bone is predominant in this image?

A

Lamellar bone

(aka Mature Bone or Compact Bone)

The bone is organized into lamellae (layers)

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6
Q

Which cells in the bone are multinucleated giant cells?

A

Osteoclasts

They reabsorb bone

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7
Q

Which part of the bone is indicated by #7?

A

Medullary Cavity

Made up of trabecular (spongey) bone

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8
Q

What structure is #2 pointing to?

A

Woven Bone (aka Immature Bone)

Mineralized, but not organized into lamellae

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9
Q

What substance initiates mineralization of bone?

A

Small vescicles exocytosed by ostoblasts filled with alkaline posphatase and pyrophsophate

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10
Q

What is osteoid?

A

Organic matrix that is not yet mineralized (but will be)

Osteoid -> Mineralized to woven bone -> Matures into lamellar bone

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11
Q

Which part of the bone is indicated by #4?

A

Epiphysis

(also #5)

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12
Q

What structures run through the “canal” of the Haversian System?

A

Blood vessels and nerve fibers

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00009

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13
Q

Osteoid in a malignant tumor indicates what kind of tumor?

A

Osteosarcoma

(patho-pneumonic)

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14
Q

Which structure is indicated by #3?

A

Osteocyte Lacunae

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00009

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15
Q

Which structure is indicated by #2?

A

Canal

Contains blood vessels and nerve fibers

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00009

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16
Q

What are the cellular components of bone?

A

Osteoblasts - Synthesize bone

Osteocytes - Mature osteoblasts

Osteoclasts - Resorb bone

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17
Q

Describe what is happening in Zone 3

A

Cartilage cells are proliferating

This is the Zone of Proliferation

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

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18
Q

Which ossification process does this statement describe?

“New bone develops directly from a capsule of undifferentiated connective tissue”

A

Intramembranous ossification

Occurs in the flat bones of the face, cranial bones, and clavicles

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19
Q

In which zone will you find non-active cartilage?

A

4 - Reserve Cartilage

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

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20
Q

Which part of the bone is indicated by #1?

A

Metaphysis

(also #3)

21
Q

What kind of bone cell is B pointing to?

A

Osteoblast

Osteoblasts sit on the surface and synthesize bone

22
Q

Which hormone stimulates bone resorption?

A

Parathyroid hormone

23
Q

Which part of the bone is indicated by #2?

A

Diaphysis

24
Q

Describe what is happening in Zone 2

A

Cartilage cells are undergoing hypertrophy

This is the Zone of Hypertrophy

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

25
Q

Which part of the bone is indicated by #3?

A

Metaphysis

(Also #1)

26
Q

Which ossification process does this statement describe?

“New bone develops from and replaces hyaline cartilage”

A

Endochondral ossification

Occurs in long bones, in the bones at the base of the skull, short bones in the hands and feet

27
Q

Which structure is indicated by #1?

A

Osteocyte canaliculi

Canaliculi = little pathways that connect the lacunae of osteocytes so they can share nutrients and excrete waste

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00009

28
Q

Which part of the bone is indicated by #5?

A

Epiphysis

(Also #7)

29
Q

Which cells synthesize bone?

A

Osteoblasts

30
Q

What is the difference between osteoid and woven (immature) bone?

A
  • Ostoid is not yet mineralized
  • Immature bone is mineralized, but no yet organized into lamellae
31
Q

What kind of bone makes up most of our body?

A

Long bones

32
Q

Describe what is happening in Zone 4

A

Not much!

Zone 4 contains Reserve cartilage - non-active cartilage that is just resting

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

33
Q

In which section are cartilage cells turning into bone?

A

1 - Zone of Ossification

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

34
Q

What kind of bone cell is A pointing to?

A

Osteocyte

Osteocytes sit within lacunae

They are conencted by canaliculi to diffuse nutrients and waste

35
Q

Describe what is happening in Zone 1

A

Cartilage cells are turning into bone

This is the Zone of Ossification

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

36
Q

In which section are cartilage cells proliferating?

A

3 - Zone of Proliferation

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

37
Q

What structure is indicated in this diagram?

A

An Osteon aka Haversian System

  • Structural unit of compact bone
  • Osteocytes in concentric layers surround a central canal that carries blood vessels and nerve fibers
    • Concentric rings are layers of bone laid down by osteoblasts
38
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

The outer layer of dense connective tissue surrounding bone

39
Q

Which cells in the bone release Ca2+ into the serum?

A

Osteoclasts

They resorb bone

40
Q

Describe the composition of an osteon (aka Haversian system)

A

An osteon is made up of…

  • Osteocytes surrounding a central canal
  • The canal carries blood vessels and nerve fibers
  • The osteocytes form concentric rings
    • The rings are layers of bone that are laid down by osteoblasts
41
Q

What is the purpose of the canaliculi in bone?

A

Canaliculi are little pathways that connct osteocyte lacunae in order to diffue nutrients and waste

They are basically a complex series fo gap junctions

42
Q

Bone is constantly remodeled. Which part of the bone is remodeled?

A

The surface

Ostoblasts lay down bone, osteoclasts resorb bone

43
Q

A bone gets turned over completely about every ____ years

A

A bone gets turned over completely about every 5 years

44
Q

Which type of collagen is most common in bone?

A

Type I

45
Q

In which section are cartilage cells hypertrophy-ing?

A

2 - Zone of Hypertrophy

https://peir-vm.path.uab.edu/wsi.php?slide=UAB-Histology-00068

46
Q

What kind of bone cells are the arrows pointing to?

A

Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells

47
Q

Where the the primary location of lamellar bone?

  1. Fetal skeleton
  2. Primary center of ossification
  3. Epiphyseal plate
  4. Cortical bone
A

d. Cortical bone

48
Q

What kind of bones make up the skull bones, facial bones, and clavicles?

A

Flat bones

MSK-Derm by Minnie (48 decks)

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