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Question 1

What is the Incarnation in Christianity?

Answer 1

A core doctrine stating that in Jesus Christ, God became fully human while remaining fully divine.

Question 2

Define the Trinity.

Answer 2

A core Christian doctrine stating that God consists of three Persons: God the Father, Jesus Christ the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Question 3

Who is the Holy Spirit in Christian belief?

Answer 3

One of the three Persons of the Trinity, described as the active presence in the ministry of Jesus and in the work of his followers.

Question 4

What does the Greek word ‘ixthus’ mean?

Answer 4

Fish.

Question 5

What is the significance of ‘ixthus’ to early Christians?

Answer 5

It was a symbol to express their understanding of who Christ was, often drawn on doors as an indication of being Christians.

Question 6

What is apocalypticism?

Answer 6

A common Jewish religious perspective that held the world was under evil forces and heading toward a climactic End Time.

Question 7

What does the Greek word ‘apokalypsis’ mean?

Answer 7

Revelation.

Question 8

What are parables?

Answer 8

Stories Jesus used to convey important moral lessons in familiar language and circumstances.

Question 9

What does the term gospel refer to?

Answer 9

The saving power of the life, Crucifixion, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Question 10

What is the Old English term from which ‘gospel’ is derived?

Answer 10

Godspel, meaning good news.

Question 11

What is the Greek word for ‘good news’?

Answer 11

Euangelion.

Question 12

What is the Second Coming or Parousia?

Answer 12

The anticipated return of Christ to the world when the dead will be resurrected and all people will be judged.

Question 13

Define grace in Christian theology.

Answer 13

God’s presence freely given; a key doctrine for Paul and for Christianity in general.

Question 14

What does the Latin word ‘credo’ mean?

Answer 14

I believe.

Question 15

What is the Apostles’ Creed?

Answer 15

A short statement of Christian belief outlining the central doctrines of the Incarnation and the Trinity.

Question 16

What is the Greek word for ‘[the] Word’?

Answer 16

Logos.

Question 17

What crucial point was established at the Council of Nicaea?

Answer 17

Jesus the Son and God the Father are ‘one in Being’ (homoousios).

Question 18

What does the Greek word ‘ekklesia’ mean?

Answer 18

Assembly.

Question 19

What is the Church in Christian terms?

Answer 19

The community of all Christian believers.

Question 20

What are heresies?

Answer 20

Opinions or doctrines at variance with accepted doctrine.

Question 21

Define orthodox in the context of Christianity.

Answer 21

The emerging vision of Christianity deemed true by those with authority and accepted by the majority.

Question 22

What does the Greek word ‘orthodoxos’ mean?

Answer 22

Right doctrine.

Question 23

What is an apostle?

Answer 23

An early follower of Jesus recognized as one with authority to preach the Gospel.

Question 24

What does the Greek word ‘apostolos’ mean?

Answer 24

Messenger.

Question 25

What is the Eucharist?

Answer 25

A central Sacrament and ritual of Christianity, also known as the Lord’s Supper or Holy Communion.

Question 26

Who are bishops in the early Church?

Answer 26

Officials regarded as successors to the Apostles, responsible for overseeing the Church.

Question 27

What are presbyters?

Answer 27

Officials within the early Church who assisted the bishops.

Question 28

What does the Greek word 'presbyteros' mean?

Answer 28

Elders.

Question 29

What are deacons in the early Church?

Answer 29

Officials who assisted bishops and were closer to the congregation. Servant.

Question 30

What does the Greek word 'diakonos' mean?

Answer 30

Servants.

Question 31

Who is the Pope?

Answer 31

The bishop of Rome, considered by Catholics to be the direct successor of the Apostle Peter.

Question 32

What is a canon in Christianity?

Answer 32

An authoritative set of sacred writings, such as the New Testament.

Question 33

What does the Greek word 'kanon' mean?

Answer 33

Rule or standard.

Question 34

What is the New Testament?

Answer 34

A collection of twenty-seven writings adopted by orthodox Christians as their primary sacred text.

Question 35

Who are martyrs?

Answer 35

Those who chose to die rather than violate their religious convictions.

Question 36

What does the Greek word 'martys' mean?

Answer 36

Witness.

Question 37

What is 'The City of God'?

Answer 37

Bishop Augustine of Hippo’s work arguing against the Romans blaming Christianity for Rome's punishment.

Question 38

What does Catholic refer to in Christianity?

Answer 38

The largest of the three major divisions of Christianity.

Question 39

What does the Greek word 'katholikos' mean?

Answer 39

Universal.

Question 40

What is the Summa Theologiae?

Answer 40

Saint Thomas Aquinas’ final work teaching that reason can prove God's existence while faith is essential for understanding truth.

Question 41

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 41

A widespread phenomenon in sixteenth century Europe resulting in the emergence of Protestantism from Catholicism.

Question 42

What are indulgences?

Answer 42

Reductions in, or pardons of, the punishment for sins committed.

Question 43

What is Original Sin?

Answer 43

Humanity’s state of moral and spiritual corruption inherited from Adam and Eve.

Question 44

Define predestination.

Answer 44

The doctrine stating that God has already chosen those who will be saved from sin.

Question 45

What was the Catholic Reformation?

Answer 45

An effort begun in 1545 to clarify Church doctrines and clean up corrupt practices.

Question 46

What is Tradition in Christian theology?

Answer 46

A primary means for God’s Revelation of Christ, continuing from the Apostles through the Church.

Question 47

What was the Second Vatican Council?

Answer 47

A worldwide council of Catholic bishops convened by Pope John XXIII aimed at responding to modern needs.

Question 48

What is the Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions?

Answer 48

A landmark document acknowledging the holiness and truth in non-Christian religions and encouraging dialogue.

Question 49

What is Ecumenism?

Answer 49

The promotion of worldwide Christian unity.