Social and Behavioral Development- FINAL- Dr. Benlap

Question 1

The three types of behavioral development conditioning include:

Answer 1

1. classical
2. operant
3. observational

Question 2

Pavlov’s Dogs salivation was part of:

Answer 2

classical conditioning

Question 3

Classical conditioning occurs readily in children, what is an example?

Answer 3

white coat syndrome

Question 4

Making a dental office look and feel as little like a pediatricians office or hospital as possible and making the first visit a “happy visit” is a way to overcome:

Answer 4

classical conditioning

Question 5

Operant conditioning is an extension of:

Answer 5

classical conditioning

Question 6

In operant conditioning, the consequence of a behavior is itself:

Answer 6

a stimulus that can influence future behavior

Question 7

In operant conditioning, ____ increases the likelihood of a behavior and ____ decreases the likelihood of a behavior:

Answer 7

reinforcement; punishment

Question 8

In operant conditioning: something is added to encourage a behavior

Answer 8

positive; reinforcement

Question 9

In operant conditioning: something is removed to encourage a behavior

Answer 9

negative; reinforcement

Question 10

In operant conditioning: something is removed to discourage a behavior:

Answer 10

negative; punishment

Question 11

In operant conditioning: something is added to discourage behavior:

Answer 11

positive; reinforcement

Question 12

When the desired behavior is rewarded:

Answer 12

positive reinforcement

Question 13

When a desired behavior is rewarded the likelihood of the behavior is:

Answer 13

increased

Question 14

When a toy is given to a child for a good behavior=

Answer 14

positive reinforcement

Question 15

Noticing and complimenting improved hygiene:

Answer 15

positive reinforcement

Question 16

When an unpleasant stimulus is removed as a result of a good behavior:

Answer 16

negative reinforcement

Question 17

Negative reinforcement will ___ the likelihood of the behavior

Answer 17

increase

Question 18

Negative reinforcement can go two ways:

Answer 18

1. tantrum gets you out of the situation, throw a bigger one next time
2. appointment time is shortened due to good behavior (may need to help the patient recognize the association)

Question 19

Something is taken away as a result of the behavior:

Answer 19

negative punishment

Question 20

Taking away a toy after a tantrum is a result of:

Answer 20

negative punishment

Question 21

The punishment in negative punishment is removal of:

Answer 21

a pleasant stimulus

Question 22

Behavior results in an unpleasant stimulus being presented:

Answer 22

positive punishment

Question 23

Give an example of a positive punishment:

Answer 23

speeding ticket

Question 24

What is the most important form of operant conditioning in the dental office?

Answer 24

positive and negative reinforcement

Question 25

Observational learning is also called:

Answer 25

modeling

Question 26

The acquisition of behavior by imitation:

Answer 26

observational learning

Question 27

What are the 2 stages of observational learning?

Answer 27

1. acquisition 2. performance

Question 28

When would behavior move from the acquisition stage to the performance stage in observational learning (modeling)?

Answer 28

If the model is liked/respected/trusted

Question 29

The take home for ____ is to let younger siblings see older siblings behaving and being rewarded for their behavior

Answer 29

observational learning (modeling)

Question 30

Open treatment areas support: (in ideal situations)

Answer 30

observational learning (modeling)

Question 31

8 stages of a man refers to:

Answer 31

emotional development

Question 32

The emotional development 8 stages of man is presented by:

Answer 32

Erik Erikson

Question 33

8 stages of man is associated with ___ but more important in constant is the ____.

Answer 33

chronological age; sequence

Question 34

8 stages of man: step 1 = development of basic:

Answer 34

trust (mistrust)

Question 35

8 stages of man: Step 1: development of basic trust (mistrust) occurs at _____

Answer 35

0-18 months

Question 36

8 stages of man: basic trust is developed or lack of is developed at this stage child is usually very attached to parent at this stage if patient hasn't developed basic trust they be fearful and uncooperative

Answer 36

development of basic trust (mistrust) 0-18 months STEP 1

Question 37

In this stage it is best to treat patient with parent (Knee to knee is a good option) And you must be caring with child and try to find clues about parental relationship

Answer 37

development of basic trust (mistrust) 0-18 months STEP 1

Question 38

8 stages of man: autonomy (or shame) 18 months to 3 years:

Answer 38

step 2

Question 39

- terrible twos - child finding independence and ability to choose - if its not their idea it likely won't happen

Answer 39

Step 2: autonomy (or shame) 18 months to 3 years

Question 40

During the autonomy (or shame) stage (step 2), its important to:

Answer 40

1. give kid choices 2. still good to have the parent present

Question 41

In the 8 stages of man, step 3 is the:

Answer 41

development of initiative (or guilt) 3-6 years old

Question 42

- physical activity and motion - tons of questions and very curious - important to succeed- perceived failure is detrimental

Answer 42

Step 3- development of initiative (or guilt) 3-6 years old

Question 43

The first dental visit is usually during what period of development? (8 stages of man)

Answer 43

development of initiative (or guilt)

Question 44

The 4th step of the 8 stages of man is:

Answer 44

industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old

Question 45

The stage in which: - acquiring academic and social skills which allows them to compete in an environment where those who produce are recognized - necessity of working together is realized (teamwork) - peers becoming important - realistic goals should be set an met

Answer 45

Step 4: industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old

Question 46

Step 4: industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old- ____ depends on child understanding what is needed to please parents, dentists, and peers:

Answer 46

compliance

Question 47

In this stage children are not motivated by abstract things like "a better bite"

Answer 47

Step 4: industry/mastery of skills (or inferiority) 7-11 years old

Question 48

Step 5 of the 8 stages of man:

Answer 48

step 5= development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years

Question 49

step 5= development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 yearsIn the stage: - adolescent years - realizing one can exist outside the family - rejecting parental authority - peer group extremely important - motivation is internal or external

Answer 49

step 5: development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years

Question 50

In this stage it is very important that the patient in this age group has an internal desire to undergo any prolonged or involved treatment such as ortho treatment:

Answer 50

step 5= development of identity (or role confusion) 12-17 years

Question 51

Desire to improve appearance sometimes as a result of bullying:

Answer 51

internal desirre

Question 52

"To get mom off my back"

Answer 52

external desire

Question 53

Step of 8 stages of man that is characterized by: - creating close meaningful relationships - ability to sacrifice and compromise for a relationship

Answer 53

Step 6: development of intimacy (or isolation)- young adult

Question 54

In thus stage: - some seek esthetic treatment for improved chance at relationship - drastic changes in appearance (new look) can possibly interfere with existing relationship as the partner may view the change as altering the relationship

Answer 54

Step 6: development of intimacy (or isolation)- young adult

Question 55

development of intellectual capabilities via assimilation and accommodation:

Answer 55

cognitive development

Question 56

cognitive development is related to:

Answer 56

age

Question 57

Cognitive development involves ____ theory

Answer 57

Piaget's theory

Question 58

What are the 4 stages of Piagets theory of cognitive development?

Answer 58

1. sensorimotor (0-2) 2. pre-operational (2-7) 3. concrete operational (7-11) 4. formal operations (11+)

Question 59

incorporating events within the environment into mental categories: example: child sees something fly ---> learns its a bird ---> everything that flies is a bird

Answer 59

assimilation

Question 60

child changes mental categories to better represent the environment: example: learning to distinguish a fly from a bird

Answer 60

accomodation

Question 61

____ develops as assimilation and accommodation build on one another

Answer 61

intelligence

Question 62

in _____ development (0-2 years old) - discovery reality of objects: they don't disappear when not being looked at - limited ability to project forward or backward - usually aren't treating patients in this age group but can have patients with disabilities that could fall into any stage of development

Answer 62

sensorimotor development

Question 63

in pre operational period: 2-7 incapability of seeing another persons point of view:

Answer 63

egocentrism