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Social Change- Essay Plan Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Explain sickness insurance 1889

A

Provided 13 weeks pay to 3million workers

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2
Q

Who contributed what to sickness pay 1889

A

Workers 2/3
Employers 1/3

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3
Q

What was unemployemnt like 1900-1914

A

It was only above 3% one year between 1900-1914

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4
Q

What was average wage increased by between what two dates

A

1895-1913
Increased by 25%

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5
Q

What % of families lived in destitution KaiserReich

A

30% of families

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6
Q

What did Chancellor Caprivi do in 1891

A
  • Sunday work prohibited
  • under 13s couldn’t work
  • women didnt have to work over 11 hrs a week
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7
Q

What did chancellor Bulow do c1900

A
  • accident insurance extended 1900
  • Ban on child labour in all industries 1903
  • Industrial courts in large towns 1901
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8
Q

What did tyhe new Weimar constitution guarentee

A

Equal rights as employers within determining working conditions- guarentee 8 hour working days

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9
Q

From 1870 to 1890 what happened to population in cities

A

It doubled, then it doubled again in 1890-1910

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10
Q

What happened to the population 1910-1914

A

It only grew by 39%

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11
Q

What did real wages increased by in 1927 and 1928

A

1927- 9%
1928- 12%

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12
Q

How many houses were built in the Weimar period to alleviate overcrowding

A

2 million

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13
Q

In the Great Depression how many unemployed were there

A

9 million by 1933

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14
Q

What happened to urban workers under the Nazis

A

Urban workers benefitted from public works schemes like RAD but they lost trade unions and the ability to strike

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15
Q

What did the working class grow by 1929-1938

A

Grew by 10%

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16
Q

What was representation among Nazis urban workers like

A

They were underrepresented among Nazi membership but their worker discipline was high

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17
Q

What was urbanisation like in west Germany

A

1945-1990 urbanisation increased
rural communities fell from 23.1% in 1920 to 8.3% in 1970

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18
Q

What did the post war economic miracle do

A

Increased migration, west German population increased by 50% to 61.7million 1950-1980

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19
Q

What did west German population increase by and to 1950-1980

A

By 50% to 61.7million

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20
Q

What percentage iof west Germany lived in urban areas by 1980, comp to east Germany

A

75%
East Germany 57%

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21
Q

How many guest workers were there and what did this create

A

There were 1.2miullion guest workers from Greece and turkey and they created an ethnic underclass

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22
Q

How many guest workers did Germany employ

A

14 million

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23
Q

When did the guest workers program end

A

1973

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24
Q

Who threw their support behind the Nazis during the early 1920s

A

The mittlestan

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25
Whay did the Nazis initially appeal to the mittlestan/ artisans
- they were anti communist - 25 point programme (their og manifesto) had several policies aimed at helping small traders
26
What did the 25 point plan say
That large businesses should be shut down and their premises should be given to small traders at a reduced rate
27
What % of nazi membership was made up of skilled workers in the 1920s
33% despite them being only 27% of the population
28
What were the mittlestan comic earned about and why did they then go nazi
They were concerned about the growth of large shopping centres (often Jewish owned) and the Nazis seemed to plan to continue artisanship
29
What was trade like in the kaiserreich
Trades were organised into guilds with a tradition of apprenticeship and craftsmanship- over 100 years old
30
What happened (kaiserreich) to undermine the mittlestan
1871 rapid industrialisation. Dying and weaving completely closed
31
Between 1882 and 1885 what happened to mittlestan
One man business drooped by 13.5%
32
What did new machinery mean for the mittlestan
They could adapt
33
When did the kaiserreich govt try and win over the mittlestan and why did it fail
In 1897 they tried to win it over with protective craft laws- this modernisation meant that mittlestan turned to extremist parties
34
Following the 1947 Marshall plan what happened to mittlestan
German economy began to recover, artisans were given special status and they oversaw the organisation and training of skilled workers
35
By 1955 how many Germans were employed in artisan business and what was this an increase from
Over 3.5million Increase from 1mill in 1939
36
What did west Germany focus on (mittlestan)
Trades that supported big business (eg skilled metalwork)
37
What were expanded west Germany mittlestan related
Corporations created during war, so even small artisans could prosper in the west Germany advanced industrial economy.
38
What did the cooperation between big business and German artisans mean
There was a strong reputation of west German exports.
39
What did the Nazis ban (ms)
Trade unions and large dept stores were restricted, they couldn’t offer banking barbering if shoe repair.
40
What did the nazi party have to order get clothes from and what did this mean
They had to order boots and uniforms from artisans. In 1931 39 artisan business rose by 20%
41
Decline of mittlestan nazi period
1936-39 artisans declined by 11% dept store turnover increased 10% and dept stores employed 90,000 Germans
42
Towards the end of the 1930s what did Nazis do to mittlestan
They began to restrict them. They were closed if deemed economically unviable
43
What happened to surfing small businesses Nazis
They formed small cooperatives and pooled resources
44
In 1900 what % of national income did agriculture make up and what did this change to
1900- 30% 1989- under 2%
45
What did the number of German workers employed in agriculture decline to and from
49% in 1871 2% 1989
46
Who pursuaded Bismarck to introduce tariffs (when)and to stop import of cheap grain (where from )
Junkers In 1879 From Russia and the USA
47
When was what agriculture league formed
The 1893 agrarian league
48
What did the agrarian league form for
To fight attempts to weaken tariffs on imported food
49
Why was the role of agriculture debated kaiserreich
Junkers relied on huge farms for income and a rural strong economy remained
50
What did the Nazis promote
Agricultural life as opposed to decedent city life
51
What did Nazis romanticise
Unchanging nature of German villages. They promoted traditional clear roles of men and women
52
In 1933 what did Nazis introduce (farms)
Introduced laws to protect farms from being forcibly sold and from land being broken up. They guaranteed high price for produce
53
Despite all of the Nazis efforts what happened to the peasants
They continued to decline. Major developments in industry and Nazis focus on war meant ppl migrated to cities
54
Why were farmers under pressure- nazi
They were pressured into increasing yeolds to feed the war stricken country despite their decline
55
What happened to agricultural;l production during ww1
It dropped due to loss of workers to the front lines. Fertiliser and fuels had to be prioritised for the war effort
56
What happened due to the decline of agriculture ww1
Things like the Turnip winter 1916-17
57
What happened to agriculture in the early 1920s
Improved farming practices in Holland and Denmark combined with competition from world markets led to further problems for farmers in Germany
58
Before the Wall Street crash what was happening to German farmers
They were experiencing major slumps in the value of their goods resulting in widespread bankruptcy and closure of lots of farms
59
What happened to farmers end of Weimar period
They turned to Nazis
60
After ww2 what did west German farmers benefit from
Mechanisation and improved farming practices
61
Why was farming made efficient. West Germany
Smaller farms were consolidated into larger ones improving the rural economy
62
What was subsidies by thes German govt
Farming machinery
63
What did the west germ,an restructure if farms lead to
Further decline in workers. Between 1950-60 rural economy lost 50% of its workforce
64
When did agriculture decline until
1990 when there was an increased focus on technology and industry
65
What did bismarcks constitution mean for junkers
Junkers in the bundesrat could veto legislation from reichstag. The chancellor was chosen by the kaiser and was often a junker
66
What political action of junkers resulted in their decline
The German Conservative Party formed an allience with the national liberals to stand against the SDP, they had to constantly compromise with big business
67
Why were there riots in Prussia following the 1908 election
The SDP won 7 seats with 23% Junkers won 212 seats with 16%
68
When did the SDP become the ‘largest party in the Reichstag
1912 They had 110 seats and over 4 million votes
69
What did junkers who retained positions of power do
They refused too make changes to the system, instead they kept support from middle class and businessmen
70
How did hitler manipulate junkers
June 1934 he carried out NOLK which won him support from junkier military leadership
71
After Hindenbergs death what did hitler do, reducing the role of junkers
He assumed the role as Fuhrer and the role of junkers declined
72
What happened to the powerful Junkers in Hitlers cabinet
They were removed eg Papan 1838
73
What happened to the junker heads of the armed forces
Blomberg and Fritsch were removed
74
Give an example of junkers not staying loyal to the Nazis
1944 the Kreisau circle plotted to assassinate H. Von Stauffenberg tried to bomb H, it failed and 5,000 were killed in retaliatory attacks
75
What did hitler do to junkers he didnt trust
He attempted to kill them to wipe out links too imperial Germany

History!!! (52 decks)

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