Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC1016 > Social Cognition > Flashcards

Social Cognition Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

define social cognition

A

Structures and processes involved in interpreting, and acting on social information.
Emphasis on personal subjective experience of the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define social psychology

A

Scientific study of ‘how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviour of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is impression formation

A

assigning characteristics to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 ways of acquiring knowledge

A

nativism, empiricism, Kantian synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the nativist view

A

knowledge is innate with an emphasis on evolution / genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the empiricist view

A

All knowledge through senses and emphasis on experience/ reflection based on experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is Kantian synthesis

A

Knowledge acquired through experience

Experience structured through innate schemata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Asch’s configuration model

A

People make holistic judgments based on specific information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are central traits and what are their uses

A

characteristics disproportionally influential in impression formation.
Useful for organising large amounts diverse information about a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give 3 biases in impression formation

A

primacy effect, negativity bias, halo effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the primacy effect

A

earlier information has stronger influence than later

information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a negativity bias

A

neg information has stronger influence than

pos information – especially for sociability and morality issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the halo effect

A

assumption that person possessing some positive

(or neg) characteristics, will also possess further but unknown positive (or negative) qualities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define schema

A

mental framework that organises and synthesises information

contain info about attributes and the relationship between attributes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do schemas influence our social perception

A

by guiding our expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how are schemas categorised

A

into prototypes and exemplars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a prototype

A

abstract fuzzy set of attributes- no category member needs to possess all attributes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is an exemplar

A

specific instance of category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 3 types of group schema

A

prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is prejudice

A

emotional aspect of group schema; generalised attitude towards members of a social group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is stereotyping

A

cognitive aspect of group schema ;generalised belief about the members of the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is discrimination

A

behavioural aspect of group schema; behaviours directed toward others because of group membership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is stereotype suppression; give a study example

A

Macrae et al. (1994).
Based on ironic theory of thought suppression (Wegner, et al., 1987).
participants asked to not think about white bears for 5 minutes, then asked to think about them for 5 minutes- suppress then express

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the rebound effect, incl. case of stereotypes

Study These Flashcards
A

suppressing the stereotype leads to stronger link between category and stereotype, thus higher automaticity in mind

25
define self knowledge
Possible ways to acquire self-knowledge
26
what are the 3 types of self knowledge
SFP; self perception theory; social comparison theory
27
what is an SFP
Others’ expectations can cause us to behave in a way that is confirming those expectations
28
what is the self perception theory and who proposed it
Bem, 1972 | Learn about ourselves by observing how we behave
29
what is the social comparison theory and who was it proposed by
Festinger, 1954 people need to feel confident about the validity of their perceptions, etc. achieved when people similar to us agree with us.
30
what is the attribution theory
explanation of how develop a common- sense causal understanding of human behaviour
31
Give 2 different causes for behaviour by Heider (1958)
Situational factors of external stimuli in the environment | Dispositional factors of internal, individual personality characs
32
What is Kelley's covariation theory
attributions made using principles of consistency, consensus and distinctiveness
33
What is internal attribution
high consistency+low consensus+low distinctivenses
34
what is external attribution
high consistency+high consensus+high distinctiveness
35
what is circumstances attribution .
low consistency+low consensus+high distinctiveness
36
What are the 4 attributional biases
actor observer effect fundamental attribution error false consensus self serving bias
37
What is the actor observer effect and why does it occur
As actor: perceive our behaviour as influenced by our situation (variable) vs As observer: perceive behaviour of others as due to their dispositions (stable) Depends on information available to us when we consider what we are looking at
38
what is the fundamental attribution error
tendency to consider behaviour to reflect underlying and often innate properties of people
39
what is the fundamental attribution error also known as
LE correspondence bias
40
define false consensus and why it occurs
tendency for people to believe that their own behaviour is widely shared and that their own views are consensual as surround ourselves with similar others
41
define a self serving bias
tendency to attribute one’s success to dispositional characteristics and failures to situational factors
42
what is a cognitive shortcut and why are they used
allow for less resources to be used to make a judgment by using heuristics use when have limited cognitive resources,
43
what are the 3 types of cognitive shortcuts
Representativeness Heuristic Availability Heuristic Anchoring and adjusting
44
what is a heuristic
mental shortcuts used to make judgments, past | experience used for a quick decision
45
define representativeness heuristic
Classifying something as belonging to a certain category to the extent that it is similar to the typical case or Comparison of a situation/individual with prototypes we hold
46
define availability heuristic
estimated likelihood of event by ease event comes to mind
47
what is anchoring and adjusting
estimates are made by starting with an initial value, adjusted to reach an answer.
48
what is the likely bias resulting from anchoring and adjusting
anchor inaccurate/ too low so adjustment too small
49
what are the types of schema
``` Person Self Role Event (script) Content-free ```
50
why do we categorise schemas
to active the related schema
51
how are schemas acquired
through exposure to instances of the category
52
what is interaction attribution
high consistency+low consensus+high distinctiveness
53
what are the advantages/disadvantages of cognitive shortcuts
Speed but Not always accurate
54
what does high or low consistency mean
high means self nearly always behaves like this | low means self seldom behaves like this
55
what does high or low consensus mean
high means most others behave in this way | low means not many others behave in this way
56
what does high or low distinctiveness mean
high means self does not behave like this in most other situations low means self does behave like this in most other situations
57
what is ironic thought suppression
When instructed to EXPRESS or think of white bears after suppression; number of “white bear” thoughts remains high (and even increases with time). When instructed to think of white bears first the number of “white bear” thoughts diminishes over time Regardless of when suppression occurs, intruding thoughts do come up
58
what is a problem with representativeness heuristic
ignores additional info e.g. base-rate

PSYC1016 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions