Social + Emotional DeV Flashcards
(28 cards)
The social baby - feral env
- infants who live in a feral env
- once reintegrated struggle to interact socially (lang impairments
-important dev window + if missed = serious consequences
Dannielle Lierow
-2005 aged 8 found abandoned
-Humans need social interaction to dev properly
-when social + dev milestones are missed damage is irreversible
- cog she will likely remain 6-24 months for rest Of her life
Are babies born social?
- The social baby
_> emotional expressions
-> imitation
-> proto convos
-> social expectations - Preferences
-> faces
-> voices
The social baby - evolutionary perspective
-infant survival depends on proximity to caregiver
-Harlon (1958)- infants like cuddles -> monkeys presented with wool or Milk mothers, prefer wool for comfort + safety
-unlike other species, human infants unable to follow adults so depend on social signals
- Attachment theory - a balance between exploration + proximity (Bowlby, 1958)
- Humans have an extended vulnerability period where we rely on caregivers
caution regarding evolutionary hypotheses
- they are essential but require careful interpretation
-we run risk of making overly adaptive or overly optimistic - spandrels: possible for tr its to have no bio function can be by -products of other useful traits
- Need evidence
Neural basis for caregiving - study
- Caria et al 2012
- Run with non-parents
-presented with series of images (cute animals) + juvenile humans + control - Activity in PFC for cute things
- for babies sig activation beyond this
- Bio mechanisms + caring inclination towards young children appear to transcend adults bio relationship to the baby
consumers snow rapid affective responses to cute designs
-products manipulated to look Cute by applying a baby schema
- pprs preferred these stimuli + was stable over repeated exposure
-Miesler, Leder+ Hermann (2011)
Parent -infant interactions
-early interactions set stage fer exploration, learning + further social interactions
- Meet basic need protect + survival
- promote social understanding
- acquire lang
- emotional reg
Facial gestalts before birth
- Facial expressions dev before birth
-2011 - 4D ultrasound scan in womb
- Babies form facial gestalts before interaction + seeing others
- evidence its a bio evolved trait
-Not necessarily feeling emotion but could just be exercising muscles
smiling
-Before 1 month, infants smiles are reflective + unrelated to social interactions
- By 1-2 months infants smile during engagement + interaction (Messinger + Fogel 2007)
- Infants smile to pleasing + gently surprising stimuli: high pitched voice, combo of face + voice, smiling
- Around 8-10 months infants smile at an object then gaze at adult : socially communicative act
- smiling aids attachment/ bonding
Basic emotions
- Happiness
- interest
-suprise - disgust
-sadness - distress
-Anger - fear
complex emotions
- Embarrassment
- Guilt
- Jealousy
- Pride
- shame
-Shyness
self-conscious emotions
-primary VS self-conscious emotions
- Michael Lewis: cog atributional model of the dev of the self-conscious emotions: emotions depend on cog ability, self-conscious emotions require sense of self
The Rouge (MSR) Test
- Mirror self Recognition
- Babies younger than 18 months don’t make connection between self + mirror-believe its a stranger
-18 months notice red spot placed on their head + link between self + mirror - MSR emerges 15- 24 months
-Bischof-kohler only infants passing MSR task display empathy
DO very young infants experience complex emotions - coy smile
-coy smile is thought to reflect ambivalence between pleasure + aversion during social interaction
-reported in 2-4 month olds following onset of attention Creddy, 2000)
-emotional reactions don’t assume a sense of self
Coy smile study
- colonnesi et al (2012)
-80 4 month olds
-results show when there is a mirror we see an increase in smiling overall - spike in coy smile when stranger is present
jealousy
-6 months -> exhibited greater neg when mothers direct p0s attention towards a lifelike doll VS book (Hart + Carrington, 2002)
-8 months: Piaget reported jelousy in babies when others take their place in mothers attention
- 9 month: EEG demonstrates jealousy identifiable in anterior activity (Mize et al, 2014)
Discriminating social expressions
-Neonates (infancy) can discriminate emotions posed by a live model + imitated expressions (Field, 1982)
-Live model Infront of 36 hour old babies
- infants consistently mirror emotional expressions
Responding to emotions
-Hepach + Westermann (2013)
- infants viewed videos of actor showing happy or angry
-congruent conditions = happy + stroking, angry + bashing tiger
- incongruent = happy + bashing , angry + stroking teddy
- measured pupil dilation
- older infants surprised by incongruence, younger not
-14 months can understand emotions
crying parental responses
- Normal infants cry from 1-3 hours a day in first 6 weeks of life
- parental responses range from highly indulgent to neglectful + abusive
-3 patterns Schaffer recognised by Mothers:
1) Basic- Starts rhythmically , builds up
2) Mad/anger- with phases varying in length
3) Pain: sudden onset, long loud cry- breath holding
-Babies with neurological disorders show abnormal crying beh don’t cry to pain till later
Is crying a social signal?
- or does it regulate physiological homeostasis by discharging excess energy + tension (Brazelton)
- crying fond universally to reach highest level at 6 weeks (Barr)
- infants reared in non-western cultures who are rarely allowed to cry don’t suffer any health consequences - counter argument (Ainsworth, 1977)
- crying evolved as a signal to alert mothers + elicit caregiving
Lang begins with the very first cry
- Newborns cry melody is shaped by native lang (Mampe et al 2009)
- comparisons between French + German cries reveal they cry in native lang
- means the ability to actively produce lang is present earlier than assumed
imitation
- Piaget believed imitation impossible until 8 or 9 months
- Newborns a few mins old imitate facial expressions of emotion , mouth opening when they see someone else do it (Meltoff + Moore, 1977)
Is it mimicry or enjoying attention?
- Infants less than 2 months old were just as likely to produce gestures in control conditions as models (Oostenrock et al)
- Infants just as likely to produce expressions in non- facia cues -> may produce them due to attention given
