Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ocr Gcse Pyschology ;) > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are situational factors?

A

External conditions or contexts that influence an individual’s behavior

Situational factors may include social, environmental, or contextual elements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do situational factors differ from dispositional factors?

A

Situational factors are external influences, while dispositional factors are internal traits or characteristics

Dispositional factors refer to personal attributes that influence behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an example of a situational factor?

A

Stressful environments, peer pressure, or social norms

These factors can significantly alter behavior in various contexts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False: Situational factors can lead to changes in behavior regardless of a person’s personality traits.

A

True

Situational factors can override personal characteristics in influencing behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What role do social norms play as a situational factor?

A

They dictate acceptable behaviors in specific contexts

Social norms can pressure individuals to conform to certain behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is majority influence?

A

The impact of the majority’s opinions or behaviors on an individual’s decisions or actions

Majority influence can lead to conformity, where individuals align their beliefs or actions with the group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define conformity.

A

The act of aligning one’s beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors with those of a group

Conformity can occur due to real or imagined group pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is where individuals change their beliefs to align with the majority.

A

Conformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors can increase conformity under majority influence?

A
  • Group size
  • Unanimity
  • Cohesion
  • Status

Larger groups and unanimous opinions increase the likelihood of conformity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: Individuals are less likely to conform when they are aware of their own beliefs.

A

True

Self-awareness can empower individuals to resist majority influence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The effect of crowd and collective behaviour

A

Individuals looses there sense of self ( deindividuation)
People become less conscious of what they are doing
This can be liberating
Dangerous as people don’t feel personal responsibility for their actions leading to mod violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The effect of pro-social and anti-social behaviour

A

Pro- social — In certain cultures e.g china or Japan - people are collectivists - they consider others in their decision making, it’s normal for them to do things which may not suit them but benefits the community
Anti - social — opposite cultures, e.g USA or UK - people are individualistic -They make decisions to benefit themselves rather than others
If we are in a situation with individualistic people send tend to adopt this behaviour

  • culture = the ideas and social behaviour/ norms or a particular group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The effect of authoritarian figures

A

The more authority a peon has the more obedience they can command.
Authority is having power over others and being able to punish people
When someone is superior to us we live in fear of the consequences of not obeying and vice versa if a person has less control
Under the control of someone with authority, people move from an autonomous state to an agentic state

Autonomous state - people feel responsible for their actions
Agentic state - that the authoritarian figure is responsible for their actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Criticisms of situational factor theory

A

Too deterministic - suggests people are at mercy of their situation and have little control over their actions

Over - generalised- only focuses on situational factors

Ignores individual differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BICKMAN -
What was the aim of the study?

A

To investigate the degree of social power associated with different types of uniform

This study focuses on how uniforms influence public obedience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BICKMAN -

What was the hypothesis of the study?

A

The members of the public would obey orders more or less depending on the uniform being worn by the figure giving orders

This suggests that the perception of authority is linked to clothing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

BICKMAN -

The study investigates the relationship between social power and _______.

A

[different types of uniform]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

BICKMAN -
True or False: The study was based on the assumption that uniform type affects obedience.

A

True

The hypothesis directly addresses the influence of uniform on obedience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BICKMAN -
What is the method used in Experiment 1?

A

Field experiment on the streets of NY

This method involves observing behavior in a natural environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

BICKMAN -
What are the independent variables in Experiment 1?

A

Type of uniform being used

The experiment tests how the uniform influences obedience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BICKMAN -
What is the dependent variable in Experiment 1?

A

Whether people obeyed or not

This measures the outcome of the experiment based on the independent variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

BICKMAN -
experiment 1
What independent measures were used in the experiment?

A

Dressing in a guard’s uniform, milkman’s uniform, or civil dress

This variation tests the influence of perceived authority on obedience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

BICKMAN -
What was the sample size and demographics in Experiment 1?

A

153 adults aged between 18-61

The sample was taken from pedestrians, ensuring a range of adult participants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

BICKMAN -
Who was used as the confederate in Experiment 1?

A

A white male aged 18-20

The confederate’s characteristics were consistent across all conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
BICKMAN- When was Experiment 1 conducted?
On weekdays, mid-afternoon The timing was chosen to ensure a consistent flow of pedestrians.
26
BICKMAN - What three actions were pedestrians asked to do in Experiment 1?
Pick up a paper bag, give a dime, stand on the other side of the road These tasks varied in difficulty and required different levels of obedience.
27
BICKMAN - What was the independent variable in Experiment 2?
Guard uniform versus civilian uniform This variable was manipulated to examine its effect on participants' behaviour
28
BICKMAN - What was the sample size in Experiment 2?
48 adults The estimated average age of participants was 46.
29
BICKMAN- experiment 2 Who gave orders in the field experiment?
A confederate The confederate instructed participants to give a dime to a stranger for parking.
30
BICKMAN - experiment 2 In how many situations did the confederate stand with the participant?
Half of the situations This setup varied the confederate's presence to assess its impact.
31
BICKMAN - Experiment 2 What was the confederate's action in the other half of the situations?
He walked away This created a different social context for the participant's response.
32
BICKMAN - Fill in the blank: The average age of the participants in Experiment 2 was _______.
46 This is an estimated average age calculated from the sample.
33
BICKMAN - Experiment 2 True or False: The experiment was conducted in a laboratory setting.
False The experiment was a field study conducted on New York streets.
34
BICKMAN - Experiment ЗA method
used a questionaire with 29 different scenarios to do with obedience
35
BICKMAN - experiment 3a sample
- 142 college students who were asked if each demand was legitimate depending on whether it was made by young man, milkman or guard.
36
BICKMAN Experiment 3B method
questionnaire asked participants what they thought people woud do in one of the scenarios from experiment 1
37
BICKMAN - Experiment 3B Sample
= 184 students.
38
How minority influence affects social change
Small groups or individuals must go against the norm. - consistant - committed - flexible ( negotiate )
39
How minority groups influence social attitudes
Raise awareness Reduce stigma Reducer discrimination
40
How majority includes social change
As more people join the majority it becomes easier to change social attitudes
41
What links to anterograde amnesia
Hippocampus Fail to make new memories
42
What links to retrograde amnesia
Frontal lobe - decision making, planning Fail to retrieve old memories
43
What is linked to procedural memory
Cerebellum - deep in brain so less damage The process of retrieving info ( how to walk talk etc )
44
NATCEN - AIM
to find what triggered the English riots of 2011 - focusing on young people
45
NATCEN - method
Interview in small groups or individuals, 5 weeks after riots
46
NATCEN - sample
36 split evenly to those under and over 18
47
NATCEN - consent
Consent was given
48
NATCEN - what about those in unaffected areas
They were interviewed in focus groups
49
NATCEN - what it found
Starting during a peaceful protest about a fatal shooting by police The Tottenham riots starts due to allegations of a police officer with a girl Variety of race,gender, age and job status were involved
50
NATCEN - 4 categories of people, name and define
Watchers - those present but observed Rioters - those who are actively involved in the violence and vandalism ( some were thrill seekers, some were getting revenge on the police, some were rioters for the fatal shooting ) Looters - those who are involved in breaking into shops and stealing, opportunists who used the chance to steal for their benefit Non - involved - those who stayed away and were not involved
51
NATCEN - dispositional factors
Nudge factors - encouraging acts Tug factors - discouraging acts E.g Factor - previous criminal record - the nudge is it’s easy to get involved, the tug is the know the risks Factors - Attitude to authority Plans for future
52
NATCEN - situational factors
Factor - peer pressure- the nudge is friends are involved, the tug is friends aren’t involved
53
NATCEN - Other factors
Family attitudes - N = not disapproving , T = disapproval Community - N = attached to culture of crime , T = attached to pro - social values Belonging - N = little sense of belonging, T = sense of ownership and stake in society
54
NATCEN - conclusion
Decisions to get involved were influenced by what young people thought were right and wrong, and whether they thought the benefits out weighed the risks Anti- social behaviour is mainly determined by dispositional factors and collective behaviour
55
NATCEN - criticism
Sample was too small, used criminals so may not be reliable, bias as there was a struggle to find participants, relied on those imprisoned with high delinquency Lacked validity due to socially desired answers and relied on people’s memory which could be influenced by the researcher
56
What does disposition factors mean
When behaviour is more about an individual and personality traits
57
The effect of self-esteem on conformity
If someone has low self-esteem - they rely on others for approval they're more likely to conform The neuropsychology linked to this is that this part of personality cannot be changed research shows a lower level of hippocampal volume they tend to have lower self esteem
58
The effect of locus of control in crowds.
People with a more internal locus of control are more likely to believe they have control of their lives and re less likely to conform. And vice verse for a more external locus of control
59
The effect of morality on pro-soical and anti - social behaviou
Those with high morality cue more lively to encore in pro-social behaviour Those with low morality have a ween superego and this causes their id to dominate causing aggressive behaviour. Superego = part of personality that represents the rules and expectations of society Id= instinctive part of personality that represents our sexual and aggressive urges Damage to the pre-frontal cortex scan impact negatively morality
60
The effect of the authoritarian personality on obedience
Those were the authoritarian personality are more point of being than others this because their personality makes them conformists and more strict when it comes to rules and respectful to those they see as above them. This personality is usually down to their upbringing and those with these personality usually come from families with strict parents the theory is people unconsciously resent their parents but displaced their anger on those beneath them. This means they tend to be more intolerant.
61
Criticisms of the dispositional factors theory
The theory only focuses on individuality and it makes it difficult to predict when people obey. It is important in psychology to make generalisation about why people obey or conform so that situations can be manipulated to increase or reduce these types of influencers. Positional factors are more difficult to test the situation of factors as they are subjective and rely on studying the mind There is debates about how innate dispositional factors which makes it difficult to decide how much we can change personality and therefore the negative effects of social influence

Ocr Gcse Pyschology ;) (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions