Social Last

Question 1

–How much did England’s population increase between 1625-88?

Answer 1

• 700,000 people

Question 2

What were the reasons for rising populations?

Answer 2

• Changes in agriculture such as the enclosure of land ensured a stable food supply.
• The country had experienced peace since the end of the Wars of the Roses.
• Protestants migrated to England to escape religious persecution.

Question 3

Why did the population slow down in the second half of the seventeenth century?

Answer 3

• The large number of deaths during the Civil War.
• The 1665 Great Plague caused a lot of deaths.
• Non-conformists were leaving England to escape persecution.
• Marriages were happening at late twenties which discouraged large family size.

Question 4

Where did most people live by 1625?

Answer 4

• Most people lived in the countryside.

Question 5

Why did London became a magnet for rural migrants?

Answer 5

• Fewer people were needed to work the land after enclosure.
• Depopulatiom in several areas of southern England.

Question 6

What % of people lived in towns in 1625?

Answer 6

• 5.8%

Question 7

What % of people lived in urban centres and London by the end of the century?

Answer 7

• 13.3% in London
  11.5% in urban centres.

Question 8

What was the population of London by 1688?

Answer 8

• London was home to 500,000 people.

Question 9

How much larger was London than other towns in England?

Answer 9

• London was larger than the next 50 English towns put together.

Question 10

Why did poverty rise?

Answer 10

• Due to the rise in inflation after the sharp population rise.

Question 11

How much did prices increase by compared to wages?

Answer 11

• Prices increased by 800% but wages increased by 300%

Question 12

How were poor people being helped before 1625?

Answer 12

• Through the Elizabethan Poor Relief Act which had guaranteed basic relief for poor people.

Question 13

How much did poor releif funding increase between 1650 to the end of the 1600s?

Answer 13

• £250,000 per year in 1650 to £700,000 per year.

Question 14

Why was the 1662 Settlement Act released?

Answer 14

• Due to vagrants becoming more of a threat and to limit their movement.

Question 15

What percentage did the political class make up?

Answer 15

• No more than 5%

Question 16

How did the political power exert power?

Answer 16

• Through land ownership, where they owned 70+% of the land.

Question 17

In 1633, how many people were part of the nobility?

Answer 17

• only 122

Question 18

How did the nobility gain from inflation experienced at the time?

Answer 18

• Inflation allowed an increase in both food prices and rents.

Question 19

What were 3 reasons for the decline in the nobility between 1625-88?

Answer 19

• Noble economic power was being challenged by the new commercial and merchant class in London and provincial towns.
• Land was confiscated under Cromwell as much of the nobility sided with the King.
• The Republicans had abolished the House of Lords.

Question 20

Which class became the largest social group to attend universities and the Inns of Court?

Answer 20

• The gentry class

Question 21

How did the gentry’s educational attainment reflect their increasing political influence?

Answer 21

• They enahcned political confidence which was reflected in their challenging of Charles I under Pym, Hampden and Cromwell.

Question 22

What’s an example of urbanisation in an English market town?

Answer 22

• Norwich growing from 10,000 in 1555 to 30,000 by 1650 as a centre of cloth trade.

Question 23

What class arose due to urbanisation?

Answer 23

• The Merchants

Question 24

How did the Anglo Dutch War influence services by professionals?

Answer 24

• War and trade demanded more services from doctors, lawyers, financiers, teachers and architects.

Question 25

What's a key example of the merchant influence over seas?

Answer 25

- The East India Compnay was very profitable in regard to cotton, silk, tea and spices - Grew when Charles II allowed the company to acquire territory in India to protect its trading interests.

Question 26

What was Stuart Britain's view towards women?

Answer 26

- There was no signficant change on how people viewed women, remaining patriarchal and misogynist.

Question 27

What was the view of women?

Answer 27

- They should look after their children and the household.

Question 28

How could women have some degree of status?1

Answer 28

- Wealthier women were able to exert their influence by co owning estates with their husbands. - Whilst some managed the family economy.

Question 29

How were women able to gain power during the years 1640-60?

Answer 29

- Women took over management of estates during their husband's absence. - Women were able to play significant roles in certain religious movements such as revellers and quakers. - Women petitioned for peace, freedom of trade, changes to the imprisonment laws as well as other political issues. - 10,000 women petitioned for John Lilburne to be released from prison in 1649.

Question 30

What was the main aim of the Levellers?

Answer 30

- To gain political, social and economic reform.

Question 31

What were the reasons for Leveller failures?

Answer 31

- Needed more support in the New Model Army. - Their army mutiny attempts were crushed in Burford in May 1649. - Lilburne was imprisoned. - Rump were able to exert influence on the army to prevent mutiny and discontent.

Question 32

Who were the diggers?

Answer 32

- Extremely revolutionary groups, arguably way before their time. - The diggers believed in total social and political equality and saw themselves as the True Levellers.

Question 33

Why did the Diggers fail?

Answer 33

- They faced too much backlash from those who owned land near them.

Question 34

How did the Diggers pave the way for future movements?

Answer 34

- They paved the way for Liberation, Environmental movement, Communism and Direct Action

Question 35

What was Thomas Hobbes's ideolgy?

Answer 35

- A social contract between the King and his people, issued by the people not God, meaning the monarch could be removed if he broke the social contract. - People has given up their power to a sole ruler in order for stability (his justification for the Stuart Monarchy)

Question 36

What was John Locke's theory?

Answer 36

- rejected divine right entirely and argued that government derives authority from the consent of the governed to protect natural rights—life, liberty, and property. If a ruler fails in this duty, the people have the right to overthrow them.

Question 37

How did the Glorious Revolution counteract the 1660s being a period of consolidation of confessional state across Europe?

Answer 37

- Whilst confessional state in England was regained in the 1660s, by 1688, William of Orange was invited to rule under the laws of Parliament not the Church.

Question 38

Who was the founder of empiricism?

Answer 38

- Empiricism is the blief that knowledge is gained through experience and is issued by Francis Bacon.