The Glorious Revolution 1688-1701 (SOURCE)

Question 1

Why did James flee England?

Answer 1

• In December 1688, faced with overwhelming opposition, James II fled the country and took refuge with Louis XIV of France.

Question 2

What was the Whig view on James’s flight?

Answer 2

• Whigs believed that James has broken his contract with the people and had exceeded his powers, losing him the right to rule.

Question 3

What was the Tory view on james’s flight?

Answer 3

• Tories still belived that as long as the King was alive, their previous oath of allegiance would carry on.
• They needed justification for the appointment of William of Orange.

Question 4

When was the Declaration of Rights proposed and what had it included?

Answer 4

• The Declaration of Rights listed all the errors which James had committed for the future of William’s monarchy
• These include:
• Laws could not be suspended without parliament’s consent.
• Parliament had to approve all forms of taxation
• Parliament needed to meet frequently.

Question 5

Why did William III issue the Toleration Act, 1689?

Answer 5

• William was keen to secure the support of all Protestants in Britain for his war against France.

Question 6

What were 3 features of the Toleration Act?

Answer 6

1) The Toleration Act exempted dissenters from penal laws if they took an oath of allegiance and declared against transubstantiation (the belief that wine was Jesus’s blood)
2) Dissenters could worship freely with doors open
3) Dissenters could educate their own children

Question 7

How many dissenters by 1714?

Answer 7

• Roughly 400,000-500,000

Question 8

Why was further action needed to be taken against catholicism?

Answer 8

• The Bill of Rights removed James’s line of succession from the throne but did not determine the future of Catholic succession when Anne was made Queen.

Question 9

What had the Act of Settlement achieved?

Answer 9

• A future where monarchs had to be active members of the COE, whilst excluding

Question 10

What was the League of Augsburg?

Answer 10

• A coalition of European powers ranged against Louis XIV’s France.

Question 11

How did the King avoid the Triennial Bill in 1692 and what was the impact of this?

Answer 11

• The King veto’d the Triennial Bill and this was seen as an anti-parliamentary stance similar to that taken by Charles II and James II.

Question 12

When was the Triennial Bill passed into law?

Answer 12

• 1694, stating that no parliament could run longer than 3 years.

Question 13

What were the effects of the Triennial Act?

Answer 13

• The King was no longer able to dissolve Parliament that had challenged the royal will.

Question 14

How did frequent elections affect the future of the Whig vs Tory rivalry?

Answer 14

• Whigs and Tories would have an immense rivalry during the triggering of the Act of Settlement 1701 when Tories, loyal to the Stuarts’ aimed to prevent a Hanovian takeover.

Question 15

How much did yhe Nine Years’ War cost?

Answer 15

• £5 million per year

Question 16

What were the changes in taxation?

Answer 16

• Customs and ecvise duties were extended to a wider range of goods and the rates of taxation were very high, providing up to a quarter of the crown’s income.
• Also, a land tax was introduced in the early 1690s and quickly become a permanent source of income.

Question 17

What were 3 other important innovations of raising money?

Answer 17

• The Million Loan Act 1693 - Raising a loan of £1 million and repayment would be guaranteed out of excise income.
• Civil List Act 1697 gave the Monarch an income of £700,000 per year
• The establishment of the Bank of England in 1694 after investors raised £1.2 million for the war.