Religion last Flashcards
(41 cards)
1
Q
What were 3 of Laud’s reforms after being made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633?
A
- Moved the communion table to the east end of the church
- Stained glass windows
- The use of incense in services.
2
Q
Why did Laudian reforms upset puritans?
A
- Puritans believed that Laud was moving the Church of England towards Catholcism.
3
Q
What was the Book of Sports?
A
- The approval of traditional sports on the holy day of rest, Sunday.
4
Q
Why did many people like Laudian reforms?
A
- They imposed fewer demands on those who attended Sunday services.
5
Q
How did Laud impose his reforms?
A
- Using the Court of High Commission to punish people through fines and imprisonment.
6
Q
Why did many of the gentry oppose Laudian reforms?
A
- The gentry believed that Laud was disrupting Elizabeth I’s middle way between Catholcism and Protestantism.
7
Q
What happened during the trial of Burton, Bastwick and Prynne?
A
- In 1637, due to their publication of anti-Laudian literature, they were sentenced to having their ears cut off and imprisoned for life.
8
Q
Summarise the Church of England’s position between 1640-60?
A
- The Church of England was virtually destroyed as the centre of religious life.
9
Q
How did the Republicans handle the Church of England from 1643 in 4 ways?
A
- The office of bishop was abolished in favour of Presbyterianism
- The Book of Common Prayer was abolished
- Christmas and Easter was banned and became days of fasting and prayer
- The 1650 Toleration Act meant that compulsory church attendance was abolished.
10
Q
What was Cromwell’s main religious aim?
A
- To establish England as a godly reformed country which would improve public morality.
11
Q
How did the Instrument of Government in 1653 support Cromwell’s aims?
A
- It granted liberty of worship to all except Catholics.
12
Q
When was the Anglican Church restored?
A
- 1660 when Charles Stuart accessed the throne.
13
Q
How did the Cavalier Parliament dominate religious narrowing in England after 1660?
A
- After inviting the King back to rule, Parliament were the dominant force in issuing religious settlements.
- Parliament issued the Clarendon Code to severely restrict non-conformists.
14
Q
What were the acts of the Clarendon Code?
A
- Five Mile Act 1665 - those expelled from parishes for dissent could not go within five miles of their former parish.
- Coventicle Act 1664 - Religious meetings of five or more people were forbidden
- Act of Uniformity 1662 - Reintroduced the Book of Common Prayer.
- Corporation Act 1661 - Requirered all local governmental positions to be Church of England by religion.
15
Q
What was the Puritan belief about Charles and Laud?
A
- They were both determined to restore Catholicism.
16
Q
Why was Puritan opposition against Laud rare?
A
- Many puritans were members of the gentry and the political elite meaning opposition against the King would be too risky.
17
Q
How did Laud restrict Puritan opposition from growing?
A
- Puritan books and pamphlets were censored and texts brought from abroad were seized.
- Preaching on predestination was banned.
18
Q
How many puritans emigrated from England during the 30s.
A
- 80,000 puritans emigrated during the 30s, with 20,000 settling in Massachusetts.
19
Q
Why did Charles’s proposed imposition of the Laudian Prayer Book in Scotland not work?
A
- The Scottish were rigidly presbyterian and prepared to resist Charles’ imposition.
20
Q
How many Scots signed the National Covenant and when?
A
- 300,000 Scots signed the National Covenant in 1638.
21
Q
What were 5 radical groups that arose from the English Civil War?
A
- Baptists
- Millenarians
- Fifth Monarchists
- Ranters
- Muggletonians
22
Q
How many quakers were there by the late 1650s?
A
- The Quaker movement had grown to about 50,000 members
23
Q
Why did Quakerism develop quickly?
A
- Due to their influence in helping the New Model Army.
- The chief patron General Lambert became more influential.
24
Q
What were the features of 1670 Second Coventicle Act?
A
- Forbidding any religious meetings that weren’t related to the Church of England at all.
25
How did Chalres enforce the Conventicle Act?
- He made sure to remove any JPs that were being too lenient to gatherings which broke the rules.
26
What did the Quaker Act state?
- 1662 Act which required Quakers to take an oath of allegiance to Charles II.
27
Why were Quakers persecuted?
- Many refused to take an oath as it went against their religious foundations leading to the death of 400 quakers during their confinement.
28
How did James II view religious toleration?
- James II was a strong supporter of religious toleration.
29
How did James II promote religious toleration?
- Through the issuing of his Declaration of Indulgence in 1687, which freed Cathloics and non-conformists from religious strain.
30
Why did some dissenters not trust James II?
- They believed he was being too lenient towards Catholics rather than helping dissenters.
31
How did the Declaration of Indulgences affect Puritan opinion on James II?
- It was a reason for the Immortal Seven inviting William of Orange to invade England.
32
Was there a real social issue with Catholicism?
- Within England, no, there wasn't, because most Catholics still lived a normal life in England and were friends with Protestant neighbours.
33
What was the main problem with Catholicism?
- People in England tied Catholicism with Royal Absolutism based on the French model under Louis XIV.
34
Why was Catholicism beginning to be seen as threatening in the 1630s under Charles I?
- Laudian reforms
- Henrietta Maria, French Catholic wife of Charles I
- Some believed that the Pope had promised William Laud a cardinal position.
- Catholicism was popular in court.
- Papal envoys visited Charles from 1634.
35
How did the Personal Rule affect Catholicism?
- Personal Rule amplified the view that Catholicism correlated with royal absolutism.
36
What was treatment towards Catholics like during the Republican Rule (1649-60)
- Cromwell didn't target Catholics but used the general fear of Catholics to promote republican values.
- For instance, the Duke of Savoy's persecution of protestants was spread through pamphlets and publications.
37
When was anti-Catholic sentiment at its highests?
- During the reign of Charles II and James II
38
Why was Charles seen as a catholic sympathiser?
- His growing ties with Louis XIV through the Treat of Dover in 1670 which promoted Charles's secret conversion to Catholicism.
- Catherine of Braganza, Charles's catholic wife.
39
How did MPs attack catholic influences at court?
- The Test Act of 1673 excluded Catholics from holding public office, forcing James, Duke of York to resign.
40
What was the Popish Plot?
- A plot organised by Titus Oates which claimed that Catholics planned to kill Charles II and replace him with James II
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