Social Science Flashcards by Dylan Tran

This man was the candidate for
the Democratic-Republican Party
in the second presidential
election.

Thomas Jefferson

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This French commander helped Washington lead a Franco-American army during the Battle
of Yorktown.

Rochambeau

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A guard of this number of British
soldiers appeared on Lexington
Common on April 19, 1775.

240

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Algonquian peoples lived
alongside these three bodies of
water.

the Atlantic Coast, the St.
Lawrence River, and the Great
Lakes

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This man built the first textile mill

in America.

Samuel Slater

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Saint-Domingue was a colony of

this European country.

France

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After the Royal Proclamation of 1763, only these individuals could purchase Native American lands.

royal officials

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Federalists thought that this trend posed the greatest threat to the United States.

excesses of democracy

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American Loyalists drafted this document to emphasize their subservience to Britain.

“A Declaration of Dependence”

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Historians estimate that this number of Native Americans fought for the British during the
Revolutionary War.

13,000

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This treaty established a “conditional and defensive” alliance between the Americans
and the French.

Treaty of Alliance

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The first enslaved Africans in America arrived in this city.

Port Comfort, Virginia

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In 1810, this number of African Americans were enslaved in the northern states.

thirty thousand

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White slavers illegally imported African enslaved peoples from these two regions.

Spanish Florida and Mexico

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Many Caribbean sugar plantation

workers came from this region.

Africa

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Free African Americans faced discrimination from white workers for these two reasons

fear of job competition and

social integration

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This man led the militia that shut down Shays’ Rebellion.

Benjamin Lincoln

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Thomas Jefferson won this many votes in the 1786 presidential election.

sixty-eight

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The Northwest Ordinance prohibited this system in the Northwest Territory.

slavery

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This British ruler issued the Declaration of Independence.

Frederick, Lord North

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The Stamp Act taxed these printed materials.

legal documents, magazines,
playing cards, newspapers,
contracts

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This Revolutionary War

participant controlled the Mississippi Valley in 1779.

Spain

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British troops killed this number of French soldiers at the Battle of Jumonville Glen.

ten

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The Jay Treaty resolved these types of issues between Britain and America.

territorial issues from the Treaty

of Paris

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The Albany Congress spanned | these dates.

June 19 to July 11, 1754

This number of British and Hessian troops surrendered on October 17, 1777, during the Battle of Saratoga.

6,222

This French military officer joined Washington’s army in the summer of 1777.

Marquis de Lafayette

This member of parliament disparaged “virtual representation” as “the most contemptible idea that ever entered the head of a man.”

William Pitt

Patriots and colonial leaders met here for the First Continental Congress.

Carpenter’s Hall in Philadelphia

This number of militiamen from Concord intimidated the British and forced them to retreat.

400

The land claims of this state became a contentious issue in the passage of the Articles of Confederation.

Virginia

The three group of crimes against George III describes these abuses.

violence and cruelty in fighting | against American subjects

The Albany Congress sought to make a treaty with this Native American organization.

the Iroquois Confederacy

This Patriot official served as the spies’ contact within the Culper Spy Ring.

Benjamin Tallmadge

Boston King and other formerly enslaved people settled in these two regions following evacuation from the United States.

Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone

William Pitt served this government role when he took control of military operations in the Seven Years’ War.

Prime Minister

Jefferson pursued these three | presidential policies.

dismantling taxes, reducing army and navy, paying off government debt

This amendment protects the | right to bear arms.

the Second Amendment

This number of freed African Americans lived in the North in the 1770s.

a few hundred

Johnson served in this role, which dealt with Native American relations with Britain.

Superintendent of Indian Affairs

Native American tribes used European glass beads and copper ornaments for these purposes.

religious ceremonies

Under the law of coverture, women did not have rights to these materials goods.

property or earnings

This Maine boarding school educated women in reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, composition, and geography.

Mrs. Remington’s Young Ladies | Boarding School

This man led the Friends of | Liberty.

Thomas Jefferson

This number of Democratic- Republican newspaper editors were arrested under the Sedition Act.

twenty

Coastal Native American groups originally welcomed English settlers for this reason.

possibility of trade

Henry Knox and his men moved this number of tons of cannons and supplies during the Knox Expedition.

New Jersey’s voting laws allowed these two marginalized groups the ability to vote.

women and African Americans

``` American defenders of this fort managed to withstand one of the final sieges by British, Loyalist, and Native forces in September of 1782. ```

Fort Henry

New Jersey gave voting rights to all people who had resided in the state for this duration of time.

twelve months

These two states were the last to | ratify the constitution.

North Carolina and Rhode | Island

This man was Alexander Hamilton’s father-in-law and would profit from federal assumption of state debt.

Philip Schuyler

This number of American soldiers were killed during St. Clair’s Defeat.

six hundred and twenty-three

These five men made up the | Committee of Five.

John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston

This number of French soldiers joined General Benjamin Lincoln and his men to take back Savannah.

4,000

These two states voted heavily in favor to approve the Constitution in their state conventions.

Pennsylvania and Connecticut

Mary Loker and Jane Goodenow voted in this city to determine access to livestock grazing.

Sudbury, Massachusetts

The free African American population in Georgia and South Carolina increased by this factor between 1790 and 1810.

three

This Algonquian tribe fought | against colonizers in Virginia.

the Powhatan

This political body was the provisional government of Massachusetts following the Intolerable Acts.

Massachusetts Provincial | Congress

The colonies rejected Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan because they wanted to project this type of government.

colonial independent charters

Virginia issued this document to argue that the Stamp Act was unlawful.

the Stamp Act Resolves

Shays’ Rebellion and conflicts on the western frontier made American leaders advocate for this policy change.

increased federal authority

General Gage secretly planned to attack Patriot leaders and supplies in these two colonial towns.

Lexington and Concord

Territories that reached this number of inhabitants could be admitted to the United States as new states.

sixty thousand

The Declaration of Rights ended | the rule of this British monarch.

James II

These two informants were sisters of the Culper Spy Ring’s leaders.

Sally Townsend and Mary | Underhill

Before the French Revolution, France had this style of government.

absolute monarchy

This state marked the western boundary of enslaved labor in 1790.

Georgia

This state marked the western boundary of enslaved labor in 1830.

Louisiana

Benedict Arnold became disaffected with the Patriot cause when he lost business in this colony.

Connecticut

British forts near these two locations suffered attack in Pontiac’s War.

Fort Pitt and Fort Niagara

British allies in this nation fought with France in continental Europe.

Germany

Some states allowed the children of enslaved people to be freed on this birthday.

their twenty-fifth birthday

The cotton gin provided this major advantage in the cultivation of cotton.

separate cotton fibers from | seeds, remove cotton lint

A French mob attacked this building during the early days of French Revolution.

the Bastille prison

American revolutionaries held this attitude towards the French and Haitian revolutions.

thought they were too radical | and violent

Antifederalists supported this | style of government.

strong state government

States issued this form of currency to address the shortage of hard currency.

paper money

The Spanish authorized American ships to enter this previously blocked port.

Port of Havana

Washington’s farewell address | was delivered in this location.

Congress Hall in Philadelphia

Metacomet belonged to this | Algonquian tribe.

the Wampanoags

Crispus Attucks was killed in this | Revolutionary War event.

Boston Massacre

The Articles of Confederation did not include these two branches of government.

executive and judiciary

Following the retreat from the North Bridge, the British marched back to this colonial city.

Boston

Sugar production relied on the labor of enslaved Africans for this reason.

labor-intensive production

This French admiral was also | known as Comte de Grasse.

François Joseph Paul

Between French and British colonial holdings, this European country’s colonial population outweighed the other.

Britain

Great Britain’s colonies in North | America occupied this region.

the eastern seaboard

``` This nation built a chain of forts along the Allegheny River to protect its land and trading relations in the Ohio River Valley. ```

France

This movement was the first major armed rebellion after the formation of the United States.

Shays’ Rebellion

During this event, a snowball fight between Boston residents and British troops escalated into armed conflict.

the “Bloody Massacre”

The British captured this number of prisoners of war following the Siege of Charleston.

5,000

These three documents influenced Thomas Jefferson’s draft of the Declaration of Independence.

the preamble to the Virginia constitution, the Virginia Declaration of Rights, Locke’s Declaration of Rights

George Washington instructed this military leader to subdue the Western Confederacy.

Major General Anthony Wayne

American bargainers used these tools to steal land from Native Americans.

liquor, bribes, threats

In a letter to his wife, John Adams equated Independence Day with this other day.

the Day of Deliverance

The British continued their march to this town following the Battle of Lexington.

Concord

The Tea Act allowed the British East India Company to charge a tea tax of this amount.

three pence

This region was known for its tobacco production in the United States.

the Chesapeake region

The Sons of Liberty threw this number of tea chests into the Boston Harbor during the Boston Tea Party.

three hundred and forty-two

This American organization rejected General Howe’s peaceful attempts to compromise.

Congress

These three main groups of people made up colonial American society.

European settlers, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans

James Madison wrote this | number of the Federalist Papers.

twenty-nine

This parliamentary act allowed governors to house British soldiers in unoccupied buildings.

the Quartering Act

This organization prepared a formal declaration of American independence.

the Committee of Five

``` This parliamentary act allowed British governors to move trials of British officials and troops outside of America to ensure a fair trial. ```

the Administration of Justice Act

In the case of a tie, this governing body determines the winner of a presidential election.

the House of Representatives

This year marked a turning point for the Continental Army’s leadership and the future of their French allies.

1781

Captured enslaved persons in the Northwest Territory faced this fate.

return to their enslavers

General Howe and British forces sailed to this American colony in June of 1776.

New York

Massachusetts’s Puritanism made it more tolerant of this attitude than other colonies.

disobeying authority

The Continental Congress could not perform this action because Britain did not legally recognize it.

charge taxes

These two leaders supported the Antifederalist cause in Massachusetts.

John Hancock and Samuel | Adams

Fur traders from these two American states sought to trade with Native Americans in the Ohio River Valley.

Virginia and Pennsylvania

``` Historians estimate that around this number of African Americans enlisted in state militias and the Continental Army during the American Revolution. ```

5,000

Native American troops used these natural fortifications when planning a defense against Wayne's attack

Debris from blown-down trees along the Maumee River

English settlers believed that Native American tribes did not have a right to their lands for this reason

Not improving the land

This French organization grew out of the Estates General and resembled the American Continental Congress.

the National Assembly

General Lincoln requested this type of surrender that the British ultimately rejected.

conditional

This church arose from the efforts of Andrew Bryan and his preaching.

Frist African Baptist Church of | Savannah

This parliament member proposed the theory of “virtual representation.”

George Grenville

Hays’s efforts caught the special attention of this American general.

George Washington

Samuel Adams and John Hancock agreed to ratify the Constitution on this condition.

add amendments about | individual liberties

This estimated percentage of the colonial population remained loyal to Britain during the Revolutionary War.

Wampanoags resisted European | colonizers in this conflict.

King Phillip’s War

William Franklin held this political affiliation, despite his father’s Patriot loyalty.

Loyalist

American political bodies became reluctant to include this demographic in the army.

African Americans

These two men supported the | Federalist movement.

Benjamin Franklin and George | Washington

Constitutional safeguards of justice protect against these practices.

unreasonable search and seizure, self-incrimination, unjust trials, cruel punishments

colonial city in 1782 along with | many white and Black Loyalists.

New York City

Native Americans enjoyed using these two European goods in religious ceremonies.

glass beads and copper | ornaments

Under the Albany Plan, this leader presided over the council of colonial delegates.

a president

This colonist, known as Lord Dunmore, served as the last royal governor of Virginia.

John Murray

These two states were greatly struggling with their debt and supported Hamilton’s debt- assumption plan.

Massachusetts and South | Carolina

This man held a coup d’état and took over France’s revolutionary government in 1799.

Napoleon Bonaparte

This number of British soldiers were acquitted in the Bloody Massacre trial.

five

This organization was the first independent Black Christian denomination in America.

the African Methodist Episcopal | Church

This percentage of Loyalists remained in America following the Revolutionary War.

This number of enslaved peoples were brought to the United States from 1790 to 1808.

one hundred and fifteen | thousand

France’s National Assembly was similar to this American revolutionary organization.

the Continental Congress

American soldiers were inoculated against this disease while stationed in Morristown, New Jersey.

smallpox

The first outcries of the American | Revolution focused on this right.

right to control property

Marquis de Lafayette initially deployed Armistead in this role during the American Revolution.

spy

Most Antifederalist supporters | came from this region.

the western frontier

African Americans were barred | from serving in this organization.

the military

The Antifederalists were also | known by this name.

Localists

This nation became the second European country to recognize the authority of the United States as an independent country.

Netherlands

Fur traders from Virginia and Pennsylvania sought to trade with Native Americans in this region.

the Ohio River Valley

This colonel led British forces at | the Battle of Cowpens.

Banastre Tarleton

King’s Men, Royalists, and Tories were all synonymous with this political group.

Loyalists

This man was the third vice- | president of the United States.

Aaron Burr

These three contracts were | taxed by the Stamp Act.

deeds, wills, and marriage | licenses

These five revolutionary leaders | opposed the Constitution.

Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason, John Hancock, Samuel Adams

Patriots from this colony argued to the Continental Congress regarding their limited ability to recruit troops for the war.

South Carolina

These types of women could | vote in colonial elections.

land-owning widows

Ferguson died after this number of hours of fighting on Kings Mountain.

one

These economic groups | supported the Federalists.

merchants, creditors, urban | artisans

This man was Prime Minister of Britain when the Stamp Act was enacted.

George Grenville

Land occupied by the Iroquois Confederacy is split between these two modern-day countries.

the United States and Canada

This term describes the growing popularity of British identity and material culture in the American colonies.

Anglicization

This New York City tailor had access to high-ranking British officials through his shop.

Hercules Mulligan

This Massachusetts governor attempted to use this militia to halt Shays’ Rebellion.

James Bowdoin

These types of churches were early proponents of emancipation.

evangelical churches

Britain dropped its salutary | neglect policy after this event.

the Seven Years’ War

Mohawk leader Akiatonharónkwen had this nickname.

Colonel Lewis

This organization has cited the Federalist Papers as an authentic interpretation of the Constitution.

the Supreme Court

Scouts from these two Native American nations accompanied Anthony Wayne and his forces.

Choctaw and Chickasaw

The Caribbean islands produced | this lucrative raw good.

sugar

Judith Sargent Murray claimed that this authority dictated equality between men and women.

the order of nature

The phrase “safeguards of justice” refer to these Constitutional amendments.

Fourth through eighth

Historians estimate that this number of enslaved people lived within the thirteen colonies at the start of the Revolutionary War.

25,000

Benedict Arnold negotiated with this British commander to defect to the British.

Henry Clinton

Small-scale fighting between the Americans and the British occurred on August 27, 1782, at this battle.

Battle of the Combahee River

This Native tribe helped British rangers raid Hanna’s Town on July 13, 1782.

Seneca

Benjamin Rush’s style of female | education prioritized these aims.

accomplishing domestic responsibilities and educating sons

The Patriots used this method of warfare in the early stages of the war.

guerilla

France and its Algonquian allies used these tactics to scare British colonists.

burning and pillaging colonial | settlements

This document emphasized a strong central government with three branches.

the Virginia Plan

This conflict between George Washington and a French scouting party launched the Seven Years’ War.

the Battle of Jumonville Glen

These two Americans who participated in the creation of the Treaty of Greenville would later map the Louisiana territory.

William Clark and Meriwether | Lewis

figures This number of people admitted to participating in Shays’ Rebellion.

four thousand

This Virginia governor sent George Washington to demand French withdrawal from their forts.

Robert Dinwiddie

George Washington was this age when the Seven Years’ War began.

twenty-one

This peace treaty offered Americans the choice of home rule within the British empire.

Carlisle Peace Commission

George Washington allowed Catherine to rejoin her husband in this colony.

New York

Insurgents in Shays’ Rebellion shut down the courts in these two cities.

Northampton and Worcester

``` This law claimed that women had no legal rights to property or bodily autonomy if they were married or under the care of their fathers. ```

the law of coverture

This action divided Britain’s | ceded territories into states.

the Ordinance of 1784

These two economic groups united to narrowly approve the Constitution in Massachusetts.

elite nationalists and urban | workers

Artisans voted for the Constitution because they hoped a central government would enact this change.

charging tariffs

The Federalist papers were | written under this pseudonym.

Publius

With the cotton gin, two or three enslaved persons could produce this amount of cotton in a day.

fifty pounds

A French attack sixty miles from this city diminished British morale.

Philadelphia

In 1791, Native warriors crushed this governor of the Northwest Territory and commander of the United States Army.

Arthur St. Clair

This declaration forbade American settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.

the Royal Proclamation of 1763

Republican motherhood had this impact on marriage times and birthrates.

later marriages and fewer | children

American troops were forced to fall back to this New York territory after the British attacked Long Island on August 27, 1776.

Brooklyn Heights

This scandal erupted when French ministers demanded that Americans pay bribes in order to make diplomatic links to France.

the XYZ Affair

This future American president participated in the creation of the Treaty of Greenville.

William Henry Harrison

James Armistead was born in | this Virginia city.

New Kent

The Coercive Acts only allowed Bostonians to import these two products.

food and firewood

This state made suffrage | universal for men in 1777.

Vermont

The French revolutionary government executed these two individuals.

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

After the fall of Louisbourg, British forces seized these two major strongholds.

Montreal and Fort Niagara

This parliamentary act allowed the British East India Company to sell tea at a discounted rate in the colonies.

the Tea Act

This American document was particularly influential to later revolutions around the world.

the Declaration of Independence

This colonel led 480 Pennsylvania militiamen into Native territory following the massacre at Gnadenhutten.

William Crawford

South Carolina and Georgia lost a great number of their enslaved peoples for this reason.

conflict in the Revolutionary War

Fort Ticonderoga is located in | this former American colony.

New York

This New England colony had the highest proportion of enslaved people among the other New England colonies.

Rhode Island

This requirement ensured that | the poor were unable to vote.

property requirements

The Massachusetts colony used | this style of government.

democratic town hall meetings

The Declaration of Independence argued that this power allowed individuals to seek independence.

natural law

This document emphasized unicameral legislature and the one-vote-per-state policy.

the New Jersey Plan

During the turbulence of the French Revolution, this nation led a coalition of European powers to fight against France.

Britain

Adding amendments about individual liberties allowed these two states to ratify the Constitution.

New York and Virginia

These two women voted in Sudbury, Massachusetts to determine access to livestock grazing.

Mary Loker and Jane | Goodenow

This organization proposed a call for independence, the joining of American states, and the formation of foreign alliances.

the Virginia Convention

Massachusetts women in 1810 gave birth to this number of children on average.

six children

British control of French lands after the Seven Years’ War nullified this Native American negotiating tactic.

playing European powers | against each other

Practitioners of this style of agriculture owned little more than their land and used barter to trade.

subsistence agriculture

Political leaders in the South used this term to describe the dominance of slavery in the Southern economy.

a “necessary evil”

The American Revolution directly inspired revolutions in these two countries.

France and Haiti

New French colonies bordered these two North American river valleys.

the Ohio and Mississippi river | valleys

Spain received these French | lands in the Treaty of Paris.

New Orleans and all French | land west of the Mississippi

French settlers used this term to | characterize Native Americans.

“savages”

Akiatonharónkwen led the Native American delegation to meet this French official in 1780.

Rochambeau

These parliamentary acts sought to punish Massachusetts by closing the port of Boston

the Coercive Acts

This Anglo-American treaty formally recognized the authority of the United States as an independent nation.

Peace of Paris

This brigadier general led American forces at the Battle of Cowpens.

Daniel Morgan

The Iroquois Confederacy formed an alliance at this time in history.

the late fifteenth-century

This parliamentary act expanded the boundary of Quebec and recognized the Catholic Church in the Quebec region.

the Quebec Act

This woman petitioned the Maryland General Assembly for the right to vote in 1648.

Margaret Brent

This number of American troops crossed the Delaware River in the march to Trenton.

2,400

These documents argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

This man was Thomas Jefferson’s running mate in the 1800 election

Aaron Burr

The British defeated other European powers a decade before the American Revolution during this war.

Seven Years’ War

France seized this number of American ships in response to American diplomatic links with Britain.

three hundred

This changing economic relationship diminished economic drives for slavery in America.

declining profitability of tobacco

Men from these four states joined the government militia to confront the Whiskey Rebellion.

New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, | Pennsylvania

``` These two Native American tribes are examples of Indian nations who received little compensation for their war efforts. ```

Oneida and Tuscarora

This year was known as the bloodiest year of the Revolutionary War on the western frontier.

1782

Jack Sisson served in this military regiment during the Revolutionary War.

First Rhode Island Regiment

Benjamin Lincoln fled to this South Carolina city following the loss of Savannah.

Charleston

Benedict Arnold took control of | this New York fort.

West Point

Judith Sargent Murray came | from this American colony.

Massachusetts

Two British soldiers were convicted of this crime in the Bloody Massacre trial.

manslaughter

John Adams and John Dickinson | shared this occupation.

Lawyer

Boston King narrowly escaped re-enslavement this number of times.

two

Pontiac’s forces surrendered to | the British for this reason.

lack of supplies

Emma Willard opened | academies in these three cities.

Troy (NY), Waterford (MA), and | Middlebury (VT)

Paul Revere pursued this profession before the Revolutionary War.

silversmith

Under the Albany Plan, colonies would send this number of delegates to a grand council.

two to seven

Robert Dinwiddie sent this man to demand French withdrawal from their forts.

George Washington

The British soldiers convicted of manslaughter in the Bloody Massacre trial faced this punishment.

thumb branding

This number of British soldiers lay down their arms in surrender on October 19, 1781.

8,000

Any power not listed in the Constitution belongs to these groups.

states or individuals

Between the Federalists and the Antifederalists, this group was better organized.

Federalists

Hamilton’s financial plan included a tax on this good to generate revenue for war debt.

whiskey

James Madison identified these three business interests in Federalist No. 10.

agriculture, manufacturing, | mercantile business

In this war, Black soldiers fought in racially integrated companies for the first time since the Revolutionary War.

Korean War

The success and popularity of Shays’ Rebellion led national leaders to reconsider this document.

the Articles of Confederation

Loyalists tended to share membership in this Christian church.

Anglican

This factor unbalanced trade between Native American and European groups.

European military might

Anthony Wayne constructed this fort at the site of St. Clair’s Defeat.

Fort Recovery

According to English common law, a femme couvert could sign this type of document.

contract in her own name

The free African American population in these two states tripled between 1790 and 1810.

Georgia and South Carolina

The Declaration of Independence was publicly read in this Philadelphia location.

Independence Hall

``` Judith Sargent Murray claimed that prejudice led to misconceptions about this supposed difference between men and women. ```

intelligence

The British government restricted American expansion after the Seven Years’ war out of fear of these two groups.

French-Canadian settlers and French-sympathetic Native American groups

This factor restricted the ability of | most British citizens to vote.

property qualifications

This longtime enemy of Jefferson convinced many Federalists to vote for Jefferson in the House of Representatives tiebreaker.

Alexander Hamilton

The westward border of the New French colonies included this mountain range.

the Rocky Mountains

These three health concerns led to high mortality rates in sugar plantations.

malaria, yellow fever, and physical conditions of sugar plantations

This number of delegates signed | the Declaration of Independence.

fifty-six

This man prevented Virginia from attending the Stamp Act Congress.

Lieutenant Governor Francis | Fauquier

Philip Van Cortlandt was | husband to this Loyalist.

Catherine van Cortlandt

This term refers to the single women that joined the American soldiers during the American Revolution.

camp followers

The Bloody Massacre occurred | at this location.

in front of the Custom House on | King Street

Allied Native Americans defeated this American general in Miami territory.

Josiah Harmar

This number of Americans were killed during the Bloody Massacre.

five

American wartime debt fueled | this economic phenomenon.

inflation

This Shawnee chief reformed the Western Confederacy due to American settler violations of the Greenville Treaty Line.

Chief Tecumseh

The supplementary curriculum at Mrs. Remington’s Young Ladies Boarding School cost this much money per term.

seven dollars

This amendment adjusted how many votes each elector cast in presidential races.

the Twelfth Amendment

These five men were killed | during the Bloody Massacre.

Samuel Gray, Crispus Attucks, James Caldwell, Samuel Maverick, Christopher Monk

Republican womanhood gave women this influential power over the future.

the education of their sons

This major general instructed his soldiers not to fire until they “could see the whites of their eyes.”

Israel Putnam

Following the Battle of Camden, Charles Cornwallis and his troops marched into this southern colony.

North Carolina

Colonel William Prescott used 1,200 militiamen to seize these two hills.

Bunker and Breed’s Hills

These three Iroquois tribes | supported the British.

Seneca, Onondaga, and Cayuga

Richard Allen observed tensions between Black and white congregants at this church.

St. George’s Church

This adverb best describes how Washington proceeded in the New York theater following the fighting in New York City.

cautiously

Washington promoted Hays at the Battle of Monmouth, earning her this title.

Sergeant Molly

Delegates from all of the colonies except this one met in the First Continental Congress.

Georgia

Judith Sargent Murray challenged male superiority in this essay.

On the Equality of the Sexes

This American political party supported France in the France/Britain Conflict

the Democratic-Republicans

A delegate from this state suggested outlawing the transatlantic slave trade in the Constitution.

Virginia

This number of Shays’ Rebellion insurgents were convicted and sentenced to death.

eighteen

Eli Whitney invented this | machine in 1793.

the cotton gin

Between the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans, this party had a more diverse group of supporters.

Democratic-Republicans

``` After the approval of the Articles of Confederation, this organization became the governing body of the United States. ```

the Confederation Congress

The presidential election of 1800 gave birth to this feature of the American political system.

the party system

This British major headed the British intelligence operation during the American Revolution.

John André

The compromises in the Constitution emphasized the divide between these two groups.

northern and southern states

Many English purchases of Native American lands occurred after these events.

military conflicts

Dutch refusal to ally with Britain against France led to this war in 1780.

Fourth Anglo-Dutch War

Planters from Virginia formed this organization in 1749 to tap into the lucrative inland fur trade.

the Ohio Company

These two causes provided resistance to slavery after the American Revolution.

religion and revolutionary ideals

This man founded Dickinson College and championed female education.

Dr. Benjamin Rush

Britain had this number of colonies at the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War.

thirteen

Mohawk leader Thayendanegea led a joint Mohawk and Loyalist force known by this nickname.

Brant’s Volunteers

This American colonel led Sisson and 40 other troops through British-controlled waters to capture British officials.

William Barton

With the cotton gin, this number of enslaved persons could produce fifty pounds of cotton a day.

two or three

The Battle of Blue Licks took place between Natives and Loyalist forces against American troops in this colony.

Kentucky

Federalists supported this style | of government.

strong national government

Europeans first used this term to describe the Iroquois Confederacy.

the Five Nations

This state did not participate in | the Constitutional Convention.

Rhode Island

This demographic trend created a surplus of enslaved peoples in the Chesapeake.

natural increase

The organizers of Shays’ | Rebellion fled to these states.

Vermont and New Hampshire

Alexander Hamilton was born in | this region.

the West Indies

This colonist was the wife of | George Washington.

Martha Washington

Hamilton’s whiskey tax led to | financial disaster in this region.

western Pennsylvania

By this year, most white men in the United States could vote for president.

1856

The Continental Army reorganized into this number of divisions following the winter of 1778.

five

Allied Native Americans defeated General Josiah Harmar in this Native territory.

Miami-owned Indiana

This law placed former western colonial holdings under federal control.

the Northwest Ordinance of | 1787

This lieutenant captured Savannah, Georgia on December 29, 1778.

Archibald Campbell

Washington selected these three | men to serve on his cabinet.

Alexander Hamilton, Thomas | Jefferson, Henry Knox

These types of women were particularly treated as unequal to men in American society.

married women

This Boston boycott protested | the Townshend Acts.

the Boston Non-Importation | Agreement

This Loyalist served as an interpreter in the Ohio Valley, specializing in Iroquoian languages.

Sarah Cass McGinn

This secret organization harassed British officials and tax collectors.

the Sons of Liberty

By this time, Britain and France dominated North American colonial expansion.

the mid-eighteenth century

These two European immigrant groups made up the remainder of the white settler population, excluding the British.

German and Scots-Irish

A British East India Tea ship was burned in this harbor after the passage of the Tea Act.

Annapolis, Maryland

Colonists rallied around this slogan after the reversal of the Stamp Act.

“Stamp Act Repealed!”

This organization acted as e an American national government during the Revolutionary War.

the Continental Congress

The colony of Saint-Domingue was best-known for producing this resource.

sugar

Women were particularly influential in this part of the American Revolution.

participating in nonimportation | agreements

This organization held spinning bees to support the Patriot cause.

the Daughters of Liberty

Yorktown is located at the mouth | of this river.

York River

``` Chippewas, Delawares, Ottawas, Wyandots, Shawnees, Miamis, and Potawatomis created this organization to defend land rights in Ohio. ```

the Western Confederacy

This French military figure particularly helped America during the Revolutionary War.

Marquis de Lafayette

This enslaved carpenter fled South Carolina to join the British Army as a servant and messenger in 1780.

Boston King

These Christian denominations were early proponents of emancipation.

Baptists and Methodists

This amendment recognizes the fundamental rights of individuals beyond those listed in the Constitution.

the Ninth Amendment

This Iroquois tribe fought on both sides of the American Revolution.

Mohawk

This crop was the most profitable of the goods produced in the upper South.

tobacco

These two Iroquois tribes | supported the Americans.

Oneida and Tuscarora

Anthony Wayne marched on this Native American capital after the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Kekionga

This Saint-Domingue group launched the Haitian Revolution in 1791.

the enslaved population

This servant was enslaved to Hercules Mulligan and helped transmit intelligence to Washington.

Cato

This former practice inspired multiple states to suggest the Second Amendment.

British confiscation of colonial | weapons

This man served as | Washington’s Secretary of War.

Henry Knox

St. Clair clashed with native American forces near this landmark.

the Wabash River

Mary Ludwig Hays fought at this | battle on June 28, 1778.

Battle of Monmouth

The Sugar Act and the Currency Act were easily avoided for this reason.

taxes were only collected at | ports

``` This population demographic maintained farms and businesses while soldiers were away during the Revolutionary War. ```

women

This colonist served as the last | Royal Governor of New Jersey.

William Franklin

In states that recognized white Americans’ property rights, enslaved people could obtain their freedom in this way.

purchasing their freedom

The Battle of Jumonville Glen | was a victory for this nation.

Britain

John André was charged with | this crime and hanged.

spying

This number of Black Americans evacuated the country along with the British in 1782.

3,000

The United Provinces of the Netherlands was also known by this name.

Dutch Republic

Many colonial women sought these economic rewards for their efforts during the Revolutionary War.

military pensions

During the American Revolution, some women in this state gained the right to vote.

New Jersey

This nation took control of Quebec and the Ohio Valley in the Treaty of Paris.

Britain

``` This wife of John Adams transmitted information and political opinions of the Revolutionary War through letters. ```

Abigail Adams

Alexander Hamilton worked in this type of firm as an apprentice in the West Indies.

mercantile firm

voluntary union based on mutual | affection and respect.

companionate marriage

John Adams engaged in a Quasi-War with France after this incident.

French seizure of an American | merchant vessel near New York

This parliamentary act made Parliament the supreme authority over colonies.

the Declaratory Act

General Howe moved his troops to this bay after unsuccessful negotiations at the Staten Island Peace Conference.

Kip’s Bay

This group emphasized limited | government power.

the Friends of Liberty

Le Jeune’s book The Jesuit | Relations had this purpose.

encouraging settlers to move to | New France

During the Age of Revolutions, many nations switched from this style of government to constitutional republic.

absolute monarchy

Le Jeune’s The Jesuit Relations criticized these aspects of Native American society.

their arrogance, pride, vindictiveness, and lack of compassion

The Patriots hung lanterns in the steeple of this church to communicate the method of British attack.

Boston’s Old North

As this good became less profitable, the economic necessity for slaves diminished in America.

tobacco

The Federalist Papers included | this number of essays.

eighty-five

Under English common law, married women were known by this term.

femme couvert

Chief Pontiac attacked this nearby fort with his allies in May 1763.

Fort Detroit

The Iroquois Confederacy fought against these neighboring Native American groups.

Huron and Algonquian

This philosopher famously called the conflict on Lexington Common “the shot heard round the world.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson

American privateers captured approximately this number of British ships.

2,283

Modern-day Maine was originally | part of this British colony.

the Massachusetts Colony

Massachusetts women in 1750 gave birth to this number of children on average.

eight or nine children

Benjamin Franklin’s plan to unify the colonial government bore this title.

the Albany Plan

The Constitution has added these four types of rights since 1791.

travel, voting, privacy, decisions | about one’s body/healthcare

The Constitution gave the government power to restrict these events.

domestic rebellions

The Age of Revolutions spanned | these two years.

1775 to 1848

This compromise defined how enslaved persons would be counted in state populations.

the three-fifths compromise

The Stamp Act Congress sent resolutions and petitions to these three groups.

King George III and both houses | of Parliament

Thomas Jefferson’s first draft of the Olive Branch Petition was rejected for this reason.

inflammatory rhetoric

Dorchester Heights is in this | direction relative to Boston.

south

The Seven Years’ War arose | from this issue.

territorial disputes in North American

Kekionga was the capital of this | Native American group.

the Miamis

Hamilton agreed to this demand from James Madison so that Madison would endorse Hamilton’s financial plan.

putting the state capital on the | Potomac

Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan encouraged a shift to this type of government.

unified

Le Jeune’s book The Jesuit Relations describes this opinion about the humanity of French and Native American peoples.

that both were fundamentally | the same

This company held a monopoly | on the colonial tea market.

the British East India Company

These two states were hubs of tobacco production in the United States.

Virginia and Maryland

These individuals elect Senators.

members of the House of | Representatives

This Native American group was | the sixth to join the Confederacy.

the Tuscarora

This man served as | Washington’s Secretary of State.

Thomas Jefferson

The Stamp Act Congress and the First Continental Congress succeeded this earlier meeting.

the Albany Congress

This result of American- European exchange forced Native Americans to hunt more animals.

increasingly reliance on | European goods

``` These three Native American tribes supported British efforts against the Spanish on the Gulf Coast and along the Mississippi River. ```

Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw

This treaty ensured that the American colonies would mutually defend each other against British aggression.

the Articles of Confederation

This document enumerated the expansion of British control over the colonies. s

the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arm

One-fifth of the colonial | population came from this group.

enslaved Africans

This playwright and essayist challenged male superiority in On the Equality of the Sexes.

Judith Sargent Murray

These two groups objected to | the Royal Proclamation of 1763.

landowners and speculators

The British seized this key French fort in 1758 after William Pitt took command.

Louisbourg, French Canada

The French relied on the production of these two goods in the French West Indies.

sugar and coffee

This state’s Lieutenant Governor prevented it from attending the Stamp Act Congress.

Virginia

Washington’s farewell address warned against these three dangers.

regionalism, partisanship, and | foreign entanglements

Native American war parties raided these three present-day states as a distraction tactic.

Kentucky, West Virginia, and | Pennsylvania

Daniel Shays and Joseph Plumb | Martin shared this occupation.

farmers

Sir William Johnson engaged in Native American culture and was eventually adopted by this Indian nation.

Mohawk

Scholars estimate that this percentage of the Native American population was killed by smallpox.

ninety percent

The French government sent this token to George Washington after the storming of the Bastille.

a key to the Bastille’s door

A French attack this many miles from Philadelphia diminished British morale.

sixty miles

Armistead infiltrated this general’s headquarters in 1781 as a spy.

Charles Cornwallis

Andrew Bryan was arrested and whipped for preaching to enslaved peoples near this town.

Savannah, Georgia

This enslaved man preached to enslaved peoples and was arrested.

Andrew Bryan

This Christian denomination | licensed Black men to preach.

Methodists

Father Paul Le Jeune lived in New France for this duration of time.

seventeen years

This Wampanoag leader resisted European colonizers in New England in King Phillip’s War.

Metacomet

These five nations comprised the | Iroquois Confederacy.

the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca

This amendment defines the relationship between the federal government and states.

the Tenth Amendment

These Native American tribes participated in the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Delaware, Miami, Wyandot, Roundhead, Ojibwa, Odawa, Potawatomi, Otter, Mingo, Mohawk

Continental Congress stationed this number of army regiments on the western frontier to protect American settlers.

two

Historians estimate that this percentage of the white population in America supported the Revolutionary War.

40 to 45

The first release of the Declaration of Independence printed this number of copies.

two hundred

The Stamp Act Congress is also | known by this name.

the Continental Congress

Burgoyne’s forces reached this New York town on September 13, 1777 and constructed defenses.

Saratoga

Hamilton founded a successful | law practice in this city.

New York City

This number of Continental Army troops surrounded Cornwallis during the Battle of Yorktown.

8,000

General Howe and the British left Boston for this Nova Scotia municipality.

Halifax

English settlers acquired Native American lands through these means.

purchasing land in treaties

Most conflicts over land claims | arose in this region.

Ohio

This group did not support the | Constitution.

Antifederalists

Some Federalists approved of the Quasi-War with France for this reason.

patriotic fervor could lead to a | Federalist presidential victory

Female seminaries fostered this sentiment between educated women.

group identity and solidarity

This Massachusetts congressional delegate was the leader of the early independence movement.

John Adams

The Declaration of Independence was first printed in this city.

Philadelphia

The African Methodist Episcopal | Church first opened in this city.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

These two colonial powers had a | history of conflict back in Europe.

England and France

This French visitor marveled at the creativity and dynamism in American colonial societies.

Michel-Guillaume Jean de | Crevecoeur

``` This British major started to recruit Loyalist militia troops following Cornwallis’s advancements through North Carolina. ```

Patrick Ferguson

These two American colonies also enacted boycotts after the Boston Non-Importation Agreement.

New York and Philadelphia

Congress created this military body at the request of John Adams.

Continental Navy

The Federalists used this tool to | support their cause.

the press

This group of crimes against George III accused the king of colluding with Parliament to tax and alter trade.

the second group (charges | thirteen to twenty-two)

These four groups participated in the Seven Years’ War in North America.

France, Britain, Native | Americans, and Spain

The Federalists were also known | by this name.

Nationalists

St. Clair clashed with these Miami and Shawnee leaders during St. Clair’s Defeat.

Chief Little Turtle (Miami) and | Chief Blue Jacket (Shawnee)

Hamilton included a whiskey tax in his financial plan for this reason.

to generate revenue to pay off | war debt

General Richard Prescott was exchanged for this American general.

Charles Lee

Sir William Johnson was born in | this country.

Ireland

This bookseller delivered artillery from Fort Ticonderoga to Patriot forces outside Boston.

Henry Knox

After the Tuscarora people joined the Iroquois Confederacy, its alliance bore this new name.

the Six Nations

The ten Constitutional amendments ratified by the states became this document.

the Bill of Rights

``` In December of 1780, this general replaced Horatio Gates as the commander of the Continental Army in the southern colonies. ```

Nathanael Greene

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 forbade American expansion west of this region.

the Appalachian Mountains

The government sent a militia of this size to confront the Whiskey Rebellion.

thirteen thousand

After the Age of Revolutions, this style of government dominated in Europe and the Americas.

constitutional republics

This attitude encouraged the delegates at the Constitutional Convention to pursue a stronger central government.

nationalism

This man led the Federalist | Party.

John Adams

This Massachusetts man insisted on traditional views of female roles as “republican mothers.”

Rev. Thomas Barnard

This term describes the forced migration of enslaved peoples within the United States to meet cotton-production demands.

the new Middle Passage

Jamaica was a colony of this | European country.

Britain

The Spanish aided American smuggling operations in this American port city.

New Orleans

This man was John Adams’ running mate in the 1800 election.

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

The First Continental Congress created this organization to boycott imported British goods.

the Continental Association

Native American social groups included these five organizations.

clans, tribes, villages, | chiefdoms, and confederacies

South Carolina and Georgia imported enslaved peoples to cultivate this good.

rice

These four diplomats represented the United States at the Treaty of Paris.

John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, | John Jay, and Henry Laurens

George Washington bore this military rank at the beginning of the Seven Years’ War.

major

After the partial repeal of the Townshend Acts, a tax remained on this product.

tea

More American colonists could vote than those in Britain for this reason.

greater opportunity for | Americans to own land

This number of Native American troops defended against Anthony Wayne’s forces in the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

one thousand five hundred

``` This ordinance gave all state residents the right to vote if their wealth amounted to over fifty pounds and if they had lived in the state for a year. ```

the New Jersey Voting Act of | 1790

This group emphasized federal stability and was led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams.

the Friends of Order

This historian termed the passion for arms in New England as “rage militaire.”

Charles Royster

This reverend was forced to move while worshipping in St. George’s Church.

Rev. Absalom Jones

William Clark and Meriwether Lewis mapped and explored this American territory.

the Louisiana territory

These two diseases were | common on sugar plantations.

malaria and yellow fever

England kept this type of relationship with neighboring Native American tribes.

separated

This number of enslaved Africans arrived in Port Comfort, Virginia in August 1619.

twenty

The Louisbourg fort in French Canada protected the mouth of this river.

the Saint Lawrence River

This woman implored revolutionary leaders to “remember the ladies” during American lawmaking.

Abigail Adams

British soldiers and Boston residents fought over this issue in the 1760s and 1770s.

access to jobs

Emma Willard’s female educational mission spread to these American regions.

the South and Midwest

The British seized Bunker Hill | using this method of combat.

hand-to-hand

This man’s presidential inauguration was the first held in Washington, D.C.

Thomas Jefferson

This religious organization encouraged French settlers to convert Native Americans.

the Roman Catholic Church

The Declaration of Independence is divided into this number of sections.

five

This man injured in the Bloody Massacre was not actually participating in the fight.

the merchant

Anthony Wayne constructed this | fort in the heart of Miami territory.

Fort Wayne

These two delegates served as diplomats to Europe during the Constitutional Convention.

Thomas Jefferson and John | Adams

This Massachusetts lawyer and assembly member was one of the earliest Patriot supporters.

James Otis

Americans of these professions were injured during the Bloody Massacre.

two apprentices, a leatherworker, a seafarer, and a merchant

Representatives from these colonies attended the Stamp Act Congress in 1765.

``` Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, South Carolina ```

The Declaration of Independence listed this number of grievances against George III.

twenty-seven

This military leader led American soldiers during the Battle of the Combahee River.

John Laurens

This English political theorist wrote the 1689 Declaration of Rights.

John Locke

Most of America’s debt was | concentrated in this region.

the north

John Adams won this many electoral votes in the 1796 presidential election.

seventy-one

The law of coverture placed women under the will of these two male roles.

husband or father

West Point stands on this river.

Hudson River

``` François Joseph Paul commanded this number of French naval vessels to meet with Franco-American forces in Virginia. ```

Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, John Rutledge, and Thomas Jefferson drafted this document to avoid war with Britain.

the Olive Branch Petition

The British standing army consisted of this number of troops.

48,000

Native American tribes from these two regions allied with France during the Seven Years’ War.

Ohio Country and Great Lakes | regions

This state was the first state added to the Union after the 1787 Ordinance.

Ohio

These features of the cotton gin pulled cotton to separate the fiber from the seed.

wire hooks and a wire screen

The British were defeated at these two locations during the Seven Years’ War.

Fort Oswego and Fort William Henry

These skilled tradespeople in Massachusetts supported the Patriot cause.

orators, writers, and | propagandists

Historians estimate that this number of soldiers died of dehydration at the Battle of Monmouth.

This name refers to the citizen- | soldiers of the colonial militias.

minutemen

Navy commander John Paul Jones helped capture this British ship in April of 1778.

H.M.S. Drake

Pontiac’s forces captured this | many people by the fall of 1763.

six hundred

This prime minister gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the colonial tea market.

Frederick, Lord North

This number of armed men rose to fight against federal officials who subpoenaed distillers.

five hundred

The colonial unification movement started at this meeting.

the Albany Congress

Robert Dinwiddie was an | investor in this organization.

the Ohio Company

This nation took control of New Orleans and all French land west of the Mississippi in the Treaty of Paris.

Spain

This British commander of Fort Miami barred the fort’s gates against Native warriors in the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Major William Campbell

These laws allowed the deportation of foreigners and diminished the voting rights of new immigrants.

Alien and Sedition Acts

George Washington set these three executive precedents for the role of president.

inaugural address, executive cabinet, annual messages to Congress

These parliamentary acts decreased American autonomy by taxing many imported items.

the Townshend Acts

This chief encouraged Native American tribes to unite and fight against the British after the Seven Years’ War.

Chief Pontiac

Many colonists moved to this major Massachusetts city as access to rural fertile land diminished.

Boston

Margaret Brent was the executor | of this colonial governor.

Leonard Calvert

This state declared slavery to be against its state constitution in 1780.

Massachusetts

These two nations won the Seven Years’ War in North America.

Britain and Spain

This 1783 act declared all enslaved soldiers who fought in the American Revolution as free men.

Virginia Act of 1783

This number of British soldiers were wounded following the Battle of Bunker Hill.

800

During the Battle of Bunker Hill, | British ships crossed this river.

Charles River

James Armistead played a crucial role for the American and French side at this Revolutionary War battle.

Battle of Yorktown

events Paul Revere famously spread the news that this military group was approaching Patriot territory.

Regulars

It was estimated that this number of Loyalists fought for the British in the American Revolution.

25,000

Benjamin Rush founded this institution of higher education to educate American women.

Dickinson College

The consumption of this good surged in the colonies after the refusal to import tea.

coffee

This part of the legislative branch would be apportioned with an equal number of representatives for state.

the Senate

These Native American groups joined the Western Confederacy to defend land rights in Ohio.

Chippewa, Delaware, Ottawa, Wyandot, Shawnee, Miami, Potawatomi

This declaration claimed that the American colonies ought to be free from British influence.

the Lee Resolution

Arnold requested this cash reward from the British in exchange for West Point.

20,000 pounds

Jefferson owned this number of | enslaved persons.

six hundred

Fort Washington is located near | this modern-day city.

Cincinnati

An increasing reliance on European goods forced Native American groups to change their survival practices in this manner.

hunting more animals

``` This British Whig party leader openly spoke against British involvement in further conflict following the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. ```

Charles James Fox

Women provided these goods and services to soldiers during the American Revolution.

provisions and medical care

When six delegates met in Annapolis in September 1786, they discussed this issue.

regulation of interstate | commerce

The British surrendered at the Battle of Yorktown on this date in 1781. October 17^th

This act forced British colonies to produce printed material on stamped paper imported from London.

the Stamp Act

Republican motherhood provided this great benefit for American women.

access to formal education

Benedict Arnold married this daughter of a Loyalist sympathizer.

Peggy Shippen

Land from the Northwest Territory was split up between these five regions.

Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, | Wisconsin, Minnesota

The Albany Congress focused | on this issue.

relations with the French and | Native American tribes

Britain struggled during these | years of the Seven Years’ War.

the first four years

The Peace of Paris treaty was signed on September 3, 1783 in this French building.

Hôtel d’York

``` This state enacted a law that banned white Americans from marrying Africans, Native Americans, or people with “mixed” ancestry. ```

Massachusetts

Methodists from this state claimed that slavery was “contrary to the Golden law of God.”

Virginia

This number of militiamen shut | down Shays’ Rebellion.

three thousand

These three Native American tribes spoke the Algonquian language.

Powhatan, Pequots, | Narragansetts

Only this portion of states had to approve the Constitution for it to go into effect.

two-thirds

The British controlled this key western fort in the later stages of the war.

Fort Detroit

New French colonies included these four regions of the United States and Canada.

Newfoundland, the Ohio River Valley, the Mississippi River Valley, and the Rocky Mountains

The British custom of halting military campaigns during winter emerged during this century.

eighteenth

These two Algonquian tribes resided near the settlements of the Pilgrims.

Pequots and Narragansetts

number of the thirteen British colonies met in Albany to discuss the tensions in the oncoming Seven Years’ War.

seven

Britain had to pacify these two groups in its newly acquired French territories after the Seven Years’ War.

French-Canadian citizens and French-allied Native American tribes

These three nationalities made up General John Burgoyne’s military force.

British, Hessian, and Canadian

Washington and his British forces were defeated in this battle.

Fort Necessity

The Connecticut Compromise | was also known by this name.

the Great Compromise

Britain declared war on France | after hearing about this event.

the British defeat at Fort | Necessity

The female production of this material aided in the boycotts of British goods.

homespun cloth

The American Board of Custom Commissioners encouraged officials to report smugglers with this method.

paying a bonus for convicting | smugglers

This Algonquian tribe fought against colonizers in New England.

the Wampanoags

three government roles could only be appointed by state legislatures or electors.

governor, senator, and president

Most Federalist supporters came | from these regions

the East Coast and cities

``` A chief from this tribe encouraged Native American tribes to unite and fight against the British after the Seven Years’ War. ```

Ottawa

In pre-colonial times, Native American identity focused on these groups.

immediate social groups

Hamilton denounced these actions of the Adam presidency, splintering the Federalist party.

making peace with France

This term refers to the colonists who fought for American independence during the Revolutionary War.

Patriots

This number of new vessels | entered the Continental Navy.

eight

The Miami’s capital of Kekionga was located near these natural landmarks.

St. Joseph and St. Mary’s | Rivers

Native American forces used this means to discover Anthony Wayne’s attack plans.

capturing one of Wayne’s

State legislatures enacted this measure to pay foreign debts, enraging farmers.

property tax

The Olive Branch Petition was | delivered to this British governor.

the Earl of Dartmouth

The American Revolution traces its origins to this Parliamentary act.

the Stamp Act

These two types of relationships were common between French and Native American groups.

trade relationships and | marriages

``` Many delegates of the Continental Congress believed that this general would make a better commander than Washington. ```

Horatio Gates

The Albany Congress sought to defend British lands from this nation.

French Canada

Delegates removed a reference to slavery in the Declaration of Independence to appease these two states.

South Carolina and Georgia

These two states had mostly settled their debt and did not want to help other states.

Virginia and North Carolina

General Greene confronted the British forces during this battle on March 15^th.

Battle of Guilford Courthouse

``` This French foreign minister proposed that the United States, Great Britain, and Spain should split up their territory in North America. ```

Comte de Vergennes

Demand for cotton bolstered this system of agriculture in the American south.

the plantation system

The British ships captured by American privateers were valued at this number of dollars.

66 million

Washington was leery of getting involved in an unfolding conflict between these two European nations.

France and Britain

Native American tribes exchanged these goods for federal funds and supplies under the annuity system.

land cessations

This federal tax inspector was | killed in the Whiskey Rebellion.

John Neville

Native American casualties in the Battle of Fallen Timbers ranged between these two numbers.

between twenty to forty warriors | dead

The members of the Iroquois Confederacy resided in this region.

the Great Lakes region of | Upstate New York and Canada

This farmer described the abuses of tax collectors and state courts.

Old Plough Jogger

Massachusetts colony members shared this cultural and religious tradition.

Puritanism

General Thomas Gage ordered this number of British soldiers to be stationed in Boston in 1775.

3,000

British colonizers first encountered Algonquian peoples in these two colonial states.

Virginia and Massachusetts

Militiamen captured John André near this New York city on September 23, 1780.

Tarryton

The Spanish joined the Revolutionary War as an ally of the French in this year.

1779

This system kept the three branches of government from dominating the other.

checks and balances

This man served as Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury

Alexander Hamilton

In the 1770s, English citizens made up this percentage of the colonial population.

less than two-thirds

This European power primarily aided the Patriot cause to help them win the war.

French

American women developed substitutes for this good during boycotts in the 1760s and 1770s.

tea

These two large states would benefit most from population- weighted representation.

Virginia and Pennsylvania

This event was the turning point for the British cause in the Seven Year’s War.

William Pitt’s command of | military operations

This state expanded the franchise to all men who paid taxes or served in the military in 1818.

Connecticut

The free Black community used these organizations to demonstrate pride, solidarity, and empowerment.

schools, churches, benevolent societies, political caucuses, newspapers

This Maryland man argued that Americans were not represented in Parliament, even virtually.

Daniel Dulany Jr.

This number of British troops | landed in Boston in 1768.

four thousand

British colonizers first encountered Algonquian peoples in these two colonial cities.

Jamestown, Virginia and | Plymouth, Massachusetts

These two men led Shays’ | Rebellion.

Daniel Shays and Luke Day

Traders in this profession sought to trade with Native Americans in the Ohio River Valley.

fur trading

The British strategy in 1777 centered primarily on seizing this colonial city.

Philadelphia

In this region of America in particular, women married later and had fewer children.

New England

These two parliamentary tax acts | preceded the Stamp Act.

the Sugar Act and the Currency | Act

This Jesuit priest published The Jesuit Relations, describing settler efforts to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

Father Paul Le Jeune

Enslaved Africans occupied this fraction of the colonial population.

one-fifth

The main curriculum of Mrs. Remington’s Young Ladies Boarding School offered these six subjects.

reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, composition, and geography

This British captain was arrested and charged with murder after the Bloody Massacre.

Thomas Preston

Shays’ Rebellion protested the | county court in this city.

Northampton, Massachusetts

Chief Pontiac formed an alliance with these Native American tribes.

Shawnee, Wyandot, Seneca, | Cayuga, Delaware

Congress sent this number of Constitutional amendments to the states for approval.

twelve

Changing birthrates allowed | women to pursue these interests.

charitable and reform causes

This number of black soldiers was estimated to have served for the Continental Army and Navy.

5,000

This state did not pass debtor relief laws to allay financial insecurity.

Massachusetts

Colonial settlers from Britain overwhelmingly belonged to this religious group.

Protestant

``` One-third of the African American population in this state obtained freedom through manumission or purchasing freedom. ```

Maryland

Some American women obtained education through these institutions.

female academies

A single laborer required this amount of time to separate a pound of cotton fiber from its seeds.

ten hours

Members of the state legislature mostly came from this economic class.

the merchant class

This formerly enslaved man led | the Haitian Revolution.

Toussaint Louverture

“The Rights of the British Colonists Asserted and Defended” argued against this British governmental practice.

taxation without representation

These two social practices reflected the importance of British culture on the colonies.

wearing clothes made of | imported cloth, drinking tea

Le Jeune’s The Jesuit Relations describes these four aspects of Native American society favorably.

physical strength, intelligence, | contentment, and diplomacy

This nickname referred to women who traveled back and forth to deliver water to soldiers.

Molly Pitcher

The first textile mill in America | was built in this state.

Rhode Island

must possess this amount of | income.

a personal estate of forty pounds or a freehold estate of forty shillings a year

The Antifederalist Robert Yates likely wrote under this pseudonym.

Brutus

Common Sense borrowed rhetorical and formal structures from this type of public address.

a sermon

This amendment protects freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

the First Amendment

The siege of Boston remained at a stalemate until this month and year.

March 1776

George Washington possessed this number of enslaved people when he wrote his will.

one hundred and twenty-three

The Ethiopian Regiment consisted of this number of formerly enslaved men.

1,000

Before the American revolution, this percentage of the white colonial male population could vote.

fifty to seventy-five percent

New Jersey’s voting laws were restricted in 1807 so that only this group could vote.

white male taxpayers

This military leader was the captain of the New York Provincial Company of Artillery.

Alexander Hamilton

The British Prime Minister’s rebuttal to the Declaration of Independence bore this title.

“Answer to the Declaration of | the American Congress”

These two men delivered the Olive Branch Petition to King George III.

Richard Penn and Arthur Lee

The four American diplomats at the Treaty of Paris all served in this political body.

Continental Congress

During this conflict, Native American tribes allied to fight against the British after the Seven Years’ War.

Pontiac’s War/Pontiac’s | Rebellion

This state delayed ratifying the Articles of Confederation over issues of western land claims. Maryland

Maryland

The French revolutionary government used these three government actions to improve the lives of women and the poor.

price controls, free education, | increased taxes on the wealthy

Pontiac and his allies attacked British forts in these two locations.

Ohio Country and the | Pennsylvania frontier

France had approximately this number of settlers in the New World in 1756.

sixty-five thousand

The compromises at the Continental Congress focused on this American institution.

slavery

This law standardized the sale of | land in the West.

Land Ordinance of 1785

Cornwallis and his forces raided farms and plantations in Virginia for this number of months.

three

This social role for women, coined during the American Revolution, brought them some advantages.

republican motherhood

French ministers demanded that Americans pay bribes to this French minister in order to open negotiations.

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand- | Perigord

This man was one of the leaders | of the Federalist movement.

James Madison

``` This percentage of the African American population in Maryland obtained freedom through manumission and purchasing freedom. ```

one-third

Southern lawmakers restricted these five abilities of free Black men.

voting, sitting on juries, testifying in court, owning dogs, carrying guns

St. Clair clashed with these two Native American tribes during St. Clair’s Defeat.

Shawnee and Miami

This member of Washington’s cabinet encouraged him to respond to the Whiskey Rebellion with reconciliation.

Edmund Randolph

This man encouraged communication channels between the American coast and interior.

Samuel Adams

This law outlawed the publication of writing against the government or government officials.

the Sedition Act

The Marquis de Lafayette held this position in the French military.

commander-in-chief of the | Parisian National Guard

This man was the first Vice | President of the United States.

John Adams

Jefferson owned a plantation in | this city.

Charlottesville, Virginia

The Continental Army consisted | of this number of recruits.

18,000

Paul Le Jeune belonged to this | Catholic religious order.

Jesuit

Thomas Jefferson was selected to draft the declaration for this reason.

His status as a Virginian

Fort Miami is located near this | modern-day city.

Toledo, Ohio

Some Loyalists faced this cruel punishment for their political affiliation.

tarring and feathering

French settlers in the New World particularly relied on this type of trade.

the fur trade

These two Massachusetts delegates fought over the Constitution.

Francis Dana and Elbridge | Gerry

Many plantation-owning Loyalists relied on British trade networks to export these two goods to world markets.

tobacco and indigo

Slavery was more easily abolished in the North for these two reasons.

smaller enslaved population, economically less reliant on enslaved labor

This woman advocated for women’s higher education and founded the first female seminary.

Emma Willard

This proposal created a bicameral legislature and reconciled the large state/small state controversy.

the Connecticut Compromise

This Prussian volunteer helped train American forces in their military tactics.

Baron Friedrich von Steuben

Delegates from this number of states participated in the Constitutional Convention.

twelve

Iroquois lands bordered the settlements of these European countries.

France, England, and the | Netherlands

John Adams cast this number of tie-breaking votes in the Senate as vice president.

thirty-one

This group aided the Native American tribes participating in the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Canadian militiamen

This military force occupied the high ground during the Battle of Kings Mountain.

Loyalists

Major William Campbell of Fort Miami refused to admit Native warriors for this reason.

Wanting to avoid war with the | United States

This man was the author of the Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom.

Thomas Jefferson

This document acknowledged Native ownership of the Ohio territory.

the Treaty of Greenville

Colonial settlers from France overwhelmingly belonged to this religious group.

Catholic

These two Christian denominations sought to convert enslaved Africans to Christianity.

Methodists and Baptists

The British found Loyalist support on this shore of Maryland.

eastern

This man invented the cotton gin | in 1793.

Eli Whitney

Catherine van Cortlandt took care of this number of children while Philip served in the British Army.

nine

This battle is widely considered the major turning point of the Revolutionary War.

Battle of Saratoga

Every state adopted amendments about individual liberties except for this state.

Maryland

These three reasons motivated settlers in New France to convert Native Americans.

national glory, profit, and | religious drive

These two women were notable for receiving United States military pensions for their war efforts.

Mary Hays and Margaret Corbin

``` This proclamation expanded the power of Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation by declaring all slaves under Patriot control to be free. ```

Philipsburg Proclamation

In 1810, this percentage of African Americans living in northern states were enslaved.

one quarter

The British Crown issued this proclamation following the initial rebellion in Massachusetts.

Proclamation of Rebellion

This European disease particularly devastated Native American populations.

smallpox

Taxes from the Stamp Act were | paid in this currency.

``` British currency (rather than colonial paper money) ```

This author of Common Sense made moral and political arguments for American independence.

Thomas Paine

This act codified Hamilton’s financial plan for federal assumption of state debts.

the Funding Act

Under this political system, women had no rights or legal representation.

English common law

The American Revolution affected attitudes towards these four sociopolitical fields.

slavery, women’s rights, | religious life, voting rights

The Patriots used this nickname | for the Coercive Acts.

the Intolerable Acts

In this county, the whiskey tax caused sixty-eight percent of the taxable population to foreclose.

Berks County

These six Indian tribes made up the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy during the American Revolution.

Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, and Tuscarora

This group supported the | Constitution.

Federalists

This number of Whiskey | Rebellion rebels were arrested.

twenty

The rising cultivation of this crop bolstered slavery in southern states.

cotton

Margaret Brent petitioned this organization for the right to vote in 1648.

the Maryland General Assembly

These three Federalists wrote | the Federalist Papers.

Alexander Hamilton, James | Madison, John Jay

The Christian Moravian mission | was located in this Ohio city.

Gnadenhutten

This Saint-Domingue group was the first to seize upon the ideals of the French Revolution.

white planters

This woman was notable for participating in battle, following her husband who was a gunner in the Pennsylvania artillery.

Mary Ludwig Hays

Colonial settlers from France and England differed in this significant way.

religious belief

The Townshend Acts taxed | these imported goods.

paper, glass, paint, oil, lead, tea

The British constructed Fort | Miami on this natural landmark.

the Maumee River

Samuel Adams gave the list of grievances against George III this title.

the “Catalogue of Crimes”

This event marks the end of the | first French revolution.

Napoleon’s rise to power

At the beginning of European colonization, this key factor weakened Native American groups.

disease

The equestrian statue of George III in New York was repurposed to make these items. musket balls

musket balls

During the winter of 1777, the Continental Army was forced to camp in the log cabins of this region.

Valley Forge

Camp followers provided these four essential services to the army.

nursing, laundry, cooking, and | companionship

This act granted full United States citizenship and voting rights to Native Americans.

the Snyder Act

The American Revolution challenged the idea of a political order based on these divisions.

class “ranks”

Congress officially outlawed the importation of enslaved Africans in this year.

1808

Spain attempted to recover these two Mediterranean territories from the British.

Gibraltar and Menorca

This Federalist Paper argued that the size of the United States would prevent state interests from abusing power.

Federalist No. 10

This state outlawed slavery in | 1777.

Vermont

These two white American groups benefited most from the American Revolution.

yeoman farmers and urban | artisans

Antifederalists had this chief | complaint with the Constitution.

lack of protection for individual | liberties

This Patriot leader represented the British soldiers in court to ensure a fair trial.

John Adams

Washington’s farewell address | was published in this newspaper.

The Daily Advertiser

Southern plantations focused on this type of crop in order to make a profit.

cash

Colonel Barton and his men sought to capture this British general on their journey.

Richard Prescott

The phrase “safeguards of liberty” refers to these Constitutional amendments.

The first three

Thomas Paine was born in this | city.

Norfolk, England

This act organized the trans- Appalachian West for white settlement despite Native land claims.

the Land Ordinance of 1785

``` This proclamation in November of 1775 offered freedom to slaves who escaped their Patriot enslavers and fought for the British cause. ```

Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation

European colonial expansion | accelerated in this century.

the seventeenth century

Under the Albany Plan, this individual elected the president of the colonial council.

the British monarch

After losing to Native warriors, Josiah Harmar retreated to this location.

Fort Washington

The land claims of these five states were placed under federal control after the 1787 Ordinance.

Pennsylvania, Virginia, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts

James Madison initially proposed this number of amendments to the Constitution.

nineteen

One term at Mrs. Remington’s Young Ladies Boarding School cost this amount of money.

four dollars

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 | outlawed this economic practice.

the private purchase of Native | American lands

The Americans repulsed this number of British waves because the Patriots held their fire at

Two

This term refers to colonists who remained loyal to the British crown during the Revolutionary War.

Loyalists

John Hancock and Benedict | Arnold shared this occupation.

merchants

Margaret Brent wanted the right to vote in order to achieve this goal.

paying mercenaries to subdue a | Protestant insurrection

Increased taxes on the wealthy went to support this French revolutionary goal.

social security for the poor and | disabled

This man was the governor of Massachusetts during the Bloody Massacre.

Thomas Hutchinson

This newspaper published a list of American casualties in the Bloody Massacre.

the Boston Gazette

This French foreign minister believed that peace between the British and Americans would severely hurt the French.

Charles Gravier

This part of the United States Constitution allows state legislatures to oversee federal elections and voter eligibility.

Article 1

These two members of Washington’s cabinet were bitter political enemies.

Jefferson and Hamilton

Shays’ Rebellion was put down | in this city.

Petersham

This landmark became the boundary between slave and free states.

the Ohio River

British and American forces fought mainly in these two colonies during the summer of 1777.

New York and Vermont

This system perpetuated United States government dominance over Native American groups.

the annuity system

When Hamilton was Secretary of the Treasury, national debt had reached this amount.

fifty-four million dollars

The British focused their effort on these four southern colonies in 1778.

Virginia, North Carolina, South | Carolina, and Georgia

These two events increased tensions between American colonists and the British government.

the French and Indian War and | the Proclamation of 1763

Franklin’s observation of this Native American group inspired his Albany Plan.

the Iroquois

George Washington planned to surprise attack these forces at Trenton, New Jersey.

Hessian

Negotiations to resolve the Revolutionary War started during this month of 1782.

April

These three crops were called | the “Three Sisters.”

corn, beans, squash

The Friends of Order were led by | these two men.

Alexander Hamilton and John | Adams

This American diplomat negotiated directly with British Prime Minister William Petty.

John Jay

John Adams and Samuel Adams | attended this university.

Harvard

Under Comte de Vergennes’s proposal, United States territory would be limited to east of this mountain range.

Appalachian Mountains

This man proposed the Albany Plan, which encouraged a unified colonial government.

Benjamin Franklin

This founding slaveholder was one of the only ones to oppose slavery eventually.

George Washington

Most of France’s Native American allies in the Seven Years’ War came from this group.

the Algonquian

This revolution created strife in | the Dutch Republic in 1795.

Batavian Revolution

Armistead was finally | emancipated in this year.

1787

Margaret Brent belonged to this | Christian denomination.

Catholic

The Haitian Revolution abolished | this part of the labor market.

enslaved labor

These three states voted unanimously to approve the Constitution in their state conventions.

Delaware, New Jersey, Georgia

The second phase of the Revolutionary War centered around this region of the colonies.

Mid-Atlantic

Jefferson had an intimate relationship with this enslaved woman.

Sally Hemings

This event increased demand for | southern cotton in the north.

the Industrial Revolution

Anthony Wayne led this number of American troops into Native American territories in case peace talks failed.

two thousand

Great Britain prohibited | American trade with this region.

the Caribbean

This action by American colonists influenced Parliament’s decision to repeal the Stamp Act.

boycott of English goods

This man wrote the Virginia Plan.

James Madison

The Haitian Revolution particularly threatened this institution.

American slavery

The federal government refused to naturalize this group as citizens until 1792.

Africans

This boundary separated Native American and European- American settlement in the Ohio region.

the Greenville Treaty Line

The Constitutional Convention | was held in this building.

the Pennsylvania State House

John Adams served in this organization before he worked as an ambassador to Europe during the Revolutionary War.

Continental Congress

These two places were the leading producers of sugar in the mid-eighteenth century.

Saint-Domingue and Jamaica

Boston’s population reached this | number in 1768.

sixteen thousand

This woman was notable for enlisting in the Continental Army under a man’s name.

Deborah Sampson

The causes of the American Revolution can primarily be tied to this conflict.

the Seven Years’ War

Rev. Thomas Barnard held his “republican mothers” discussion with the Female Charitable Society of this town.

Salem, Massachusetts

Alexander Hamilton served as lieutenant colonel under Washington for this number of years.

four

This number of Loyalists fled the United States for Canada or Great Britain near the end of the Revolutionary War.

80,000

The Algonquian peoples fed themselves through these means.

hunting, fishing, and cultivating | crops

Jefferson and Burr won this number of electoral votes in the 1800 election.

seventy-three

These groups approved the | Constitution.

popular conventions in each | state

These organizations were the most influential within the free Black community.

churches

This June 1775 declaration proclaimed the neutrality of Native Americans.

Oneida Declaration of Neutrality

This battle was the last major military conflict of the Revolutionary War.

Battle of Yorktown

The Powhatan resisted | colonizers in this colony.

Virginia

Philip Van Cortlandt fled his home in this colony to escape Patriot arrest.

New Jersey

These two states reopened the Atlantic slave trade after the Revolutionary War.

South Carolina and Georgia

These two Patriot leaders supported the actions of the Boston tea party.

Samuel and John Adams

James Otis wrote this pamphlet protesting taxation without representation.

“The Rights of the British Colonists Asserted and Defended”

Congress chose George Washington to lead the Continental Army instead of this man.

John Hancock

Father Paul Le Jeune wrote and edited this book about settler efforts to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

The Jesuit Relations

This internal problem between British commanders caused major issues during the Battle of Saratoga.

miscommunication

Interactions between French settlers and Native Americans could be described in these two ways.

long-term and frequent

The British attacked American forts on this island on August 27, 1776.

Long Island

Burgoyne discovered that the support of this group was weaker than he expected in the New York area.

Loyalist

This event was the first peaceful transfer of political power in the United States.

the election of 1800

This earlier document informed | the Fugitive Slave Clause.

the Northwest Ordinance

John Jay wrote this number of | the Federalist Papers.

five

The states ratified this number of | Constitutional amendments.

ten

This organization enforced the tax policies of the Townshend Acts.

the American Board of Custom | Commissioners

The Powhatan resisted European expansion in this area of Virginia.

west Virginia

This agreement split France’s colonial holdings in North America and ended the Seven Years’ War.

the Treaty of Paris

These two European countries dominated North American colonial expansion in the mid- eighteenth century.

Britain and France

This party won the presidential | election of 1800.

Democratic-Republicans

Iroquois dominance of this body of water gave them an advantage in negotiating with European settlers.

the Great Lakes and its rivers

After this British leader took charge of the military, the British fared much better in North America.

William Pitt

Mary Loker and Jane Goodenow voted in Sudbury, Massachusetts on this issue.

access to the common to graze | livestock

This number of Anglo-French wars in the colonies stemmed from warfare in Europe.

three

Because of this British legislation to prevent American expansion, the Native Americans mostly support the British.

Proclamation of 1763

John Adams’s victories in these states helped him win the presidency.

the mid-Atlantic states

Pennsylvania militiamen killed this number of Native Americans at the Christian Moravian mission in March of 1782.

The British desired to seize control of this river in 1777 in hopes of isolating the colonies.

Hudson River

Great Britain’s colonies spread between these two modern-day American states.

from Maine to Georgia

This historian is critical of the benefits of republican womanhood.

Linda Kerber

this river to protect land and trading relations in the Ohio River Valley.

Allegheny River

Ordinary Americans from this economic group joined the Antifederalists.

yeoman farmers

This formerly enslaved preacher observed tensions between Black and white congregants in the north.

Richard Allen

Alexander Hamilton wrote this | number of the Federalist Papers.

fifty-one

The Oneida sent a message declaring neutrality to the governor of this colony.

New York

This act established a national | capital on the Potomac River.

the Residence Act

Daniel Dulany Jr.’s pamphlet was published in this American city.

Annapolis

Before the Townshend Acts, this organization paid the salaries of colonial governors.

colonial legislatures

Port Comfort lay near this major | American colony.

Jamestown

Between French and British colonial holdings, this European country possessed more land in the New World.

France

Benedict Arnold fled to this colony following John André’s arrest.

Virginia

This revolutionary group was | reluctant to allow all men to vote.

Patriots

This amendment prohibits the government from quartering soldiers in civilian homes.

the Third Amendment

This number of Native American soldiers were killed during St. Clair’s Defeat.

fifty

This number of freed African Americans lived in the north in 1810.

fifty thousand

These two states opposed the proposed constitutional ban on the transatlantic slave trade.

Georgia and South Carolina

This representative was arrested under the Sedition Act and re- elected to Congress while in prison.

Matthew Lyon

This woman particularly agitated for the liberty of thought during the American revolution.

Eliza Wilkinson

The only time a sitting president has led troops into combat was George Washington’s attempt to dispel this insurrection.

the Whiskey Rebellion

This Algonquian tribe resided | near Jamestown.

Powhatan

This colonist was the wife of Continental Army Colonel Henry Knox.

Lucy Flucker Knox

Patriot leaders Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen captured this British fort.

Fort Ticonderoga

The American militia controlled this territory, which was the only land access to Boston.

Roxbury Neck

Under English common law, this type of woman could own property and sign contracts in her own name.

widows

General Horatio Gates was defeated at this battle on August 16, 1780.

Battle of Camden

This president repealed | Hamilton’s whiskey excise tax.

Thomas Jefferson

Hamilton’s whiskey excise tax fell especially harshly on distillers from this region.

the west

The British focused on this geographic region of the colonies during the third stage of the war.

southern

Hamilton proposed this solution | to America’s debt crisis.

federal assumption of state debt

Europeans and Americans held this misguided belief about enslaved persons and political freedom.

that enslaved persons would not | maintain freedom

This Native American group was the first to encounter European colonists.

the Algonquians

American casualties in the Battle of Fallen Timbers totaled this number.

thirty-three dead and one | hundred wounded

These two proclamations offered freedom to enslaved people with Patriot enslavers.

Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation | and Philipsburg Proclamation

British and Native American forces met William Crawford and his men at this river, preventing further conflict.

Sandusky River

Cornwallis refused to attend the surrender at Yorktown for this reason.

illness

The Stamp Act Congress met in | this colony.

New York

British lost this estimated percentage of their total forces at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse.

This set of laws set restrictions on trade between British colonies and other nations.

Navigation Acts

Congress allowed for the construction of this number of frigates.

These groups attempted and failed to prevent the seizure of Native American lands by English settlers.

colonial agents

This Federalist supporter wrote | most of the Federalist papers.

Alexander Hamilton

Commander Charles Hector was | also known by this name.

The Comte d’Estaing

British troops captured this number of French soldiers at the Battle of Jumonville Glen.

twenty-one

This part of the legislative branch would be apportioned based on population and the popular vote.

the House of Representatives

This part of the Constitution compelled northern states to return captured enslaved persons to the south.

the Fugitive Slave Clause

Deborah Sampson was from this | Massachusetts city.

Plympton

These two proto-political parties existed during Washington’s first term as president.

the Friends of Order and the | Friends of Liberty

Revolutionary figures used this document to challenge the perceived inferiority of Africans.

the Declaration of Independence

This organization banned slavery | in Massachusetts.

the Massachusetts Supreme | Court

One-third of the African American population in Maryland obtained freedom through these means.

manumission or purchasing | freedom

The Federalist Papers argued | these two key points.

necessity of strong central government, separation of power prevents tyranny

This man wrote the Virginia | Declaration of Rights.

George Mason

These five issues were most important to the creation of the Articles of Confederation.

sovereignty, Congressional powers, western lands, voting, judiciary

New Jersey gave voting rights to all people whose wealth amounted to this number and above.

fifty pounds

Lucy Knox claimed that colonists had to pay this number of shillings for a pound of butter.

two

After the Treaty of Paris, France controlled this region of North America.

the Caribbean

Both the Continental Congress and the British attempted but ultimately failed to keep this group of people out of the war.

Native Americans

Great Britain had approximately this number of settlers in the New World in 1756.

two million

Insurgents in Shays’ Rebellion attempted to seize a federal arsenal in this city.

Springfield

This document declared that the colonies were threatening war against Britain.

the Proclamation of Rebellion

Congress first met in this city.

New York

The Albany Congress laid the foundation for these two latter congresses.

the Stamp Act Congress and the | First Continental Congress

This delegate suggested outlawing the transatlantic slave trade in the constitution but failed.

George Mason

Georgia allowed all men who owned this amount of income to vote in 1777.

ten pounds

The Treaty of Greenville limited Native American political autonomy by these means.

relinquishing control of some | territory, banning alliances

This French commander departed from the attack on the British in Savannah after twice being wounded.

Charles Hector

Many Black churches used this term to indicate solidarity and identity.

“African”

John Jay negotiated this treaty with Britain to promote peace between Britain and America.

the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between his Britannic Majesty and the United States of America

Enslavers imported this number of people from Africa to Saint- Domingue in 1787.

twenty thousand

When Hamilton was Secretary of the Treasury, states had accrued this amount of debt.

twenty-five million dollars

These founding slaveholders did not manumit enslaved people after their deaths.

Thomas Jefferson, James | Madison, George Mason

The nicknames “rebels,” “Yankees,” and “Whigs” refer to this same colonial group.

Patriots

This American political party supported Britain in the France/Britain conflict.

Federalists

These institutions educated young women in the skills of domesticity.

female academies/seminaries

``` Representatives from seven of the thirteen British colonies met in this city to discuss the tensions in the oncoming Seven Years’ War. ```

Albany, New York

This number of delegates participated in the Constitutional Convention.

fifty-five

Women in these types of cities had the lowest birthrates on average in 1810.

seaport cities

Freed African Americans were | denied these rights in the north.

voting, serving on juries, testifying in court, holding property, attending public schools

In 1778, this general replaced General Howe as commander of the British forces in America.

Sir Henry Clinton

In this battle, Native Americans dealt federal forces their greatest defeat.

St. Clair’s Defeat

The Virginia Plan was also known by this name due to its emphasis on population- weighted representation.

the Large-State Plan

The British Army helped to free this number of slaves in an attempt to weaken the colonies.

3,000-10,000

Paul Revere created these propaganda pieces to support the Revolution.

illustrations

The British outflanked Washington’s forces during this battle on September 11, 1777.

Battle of Brandywine

The delegates controversially removed this claim about George III’s power over America.

George III enslaving the | colonies

British officials sent 220 troops to secure this bridge upon arriving in Concord.

North Bridge

A single laborer required ten hours to produce this amount of pure cotton fiber.

one pound

The Siege of Charleston ended on this date in 1780 following Lincoln’s surrender.

May 12^th

These three leaders wanted the nation’s capital to be on the Potomac River.

Jefferson, Madison, and | Washington

The United States claimed fishing rights off the coast of this North American territory.

Canada

These three congressional delegates led the pro- independence faction in 1776.

John Adams, Samuel Adams, | and Richard Henry Lee

George Washington attacked a French scouting party in this colonial region, starting the Seven Years’ War.

Pennsylvania

This printer created the first copies of the Declaration of Independence.

John Dunlap

France provided aid to America during the Revolutionary War for this reason.

to weaken Britain

Only this number of states had to approve the Constitution for it to go into effect.

nine

Female education led to this | major social change in America.

closing the literacy gap between | men and women

This French revolutionary document proclaimed that all men were free and equal.

“Declaration of the Rights of | Man and of the Citizen”

Both George Washington and Benjamin Tallmadge organized this spy network.

Culper Spy Ring

The congressional delegate from this colony led the movement to reconcile with Britain.

Pennsylvania

This American revolutionary figure received a key to the Bastille.

George Washington

Some African Americans achieved freedom by joining this organization in the Revolutionary War.

the British Army

This state placed legal restrictions on manumission in 1792.

Virginia

This British term refers to the British plan to seize the southern colonies.

Southern Strategy

This French leader held power | before the French Revolution.

Louis XVI

The New Jersey Plan’s emphasis on one-vote-per-state gave it this alternate name.

the Small State Plan

Rev. Thomas Barnard told this organization that women ought to serve as “republican mothers.”

the Female Charitable Society | of Salem, Massachusetts

The Friends of Liberty later | morphed into this political party.

the Democratic-Republican | Party

Women in seaport cities gave birth to this number of children on average in 1810.

four children

This parliamentary act revoked Massachusetts’s charter and limited its colonial power.

the Massachusetts Government | Act

This British force served as an important liberator for enslaved African Americans.

Army

William Pitt concentrated these resources on the Seven Years’ War.

troops, funds, and leadership

The revenue from Townsend Act taxes paid the salaries of these government positions.

governors and judges

This state marked the western boundary of enslaved labor in 1860.

Texas

Planters from this state formed | the Ohio Company in 1749.

Virginia

Under New Jersey’s voting laws, only this type of woman could vote.

single

Approximately this number of slaves fled Georgia following Clinton’s Philipsburg Proclamation.

5,000

Many freed African Americans could not support themselves after manumission for this reason.

Inability to practice occupations | learned while enslaved

Native American defenders in the Battle of Fallen Timbers were caught unawares for this reason.

expecting a rain delay

Congress mobilized this number of soldiers and re-established the navy to prepare for conflict with France.

ten thousand

The Ohio Company secured this number of acres of land in the Ohio River Valley.

two hundred thousand

George Washington’s inaugural address emphasized these two features of the newly formed Constitution.

amendments and individual

The first female seminary was | founded in this city.

Troy, New York

Martha Washington joined George Washington at his winter quarters at this campsite.

Valley Forge

James Madison’s Virginia Plan suggested these three branches of government.

bicameral legislature, executive, | and judiciary

The Miami capital of Kekionga is | located near this modern city.

Fort Wayne, Indiana

The supplementary curriculum at Mrs. Remington’s Young Ladies Boarding School included these courses.

drawing, painting, embroidery, | needlework, filigree

This number of enslaved peoples were forced to migrate within the United States to meet labor demands.

one million

Representatives from these colonies attended the Albany Congress.

Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland

This type of status mostly determined political affiliations during the Revolution.

economic

Robert Dinwiddie was the | governor of this colony.

Virginia

Mrs. Remington’s Young Ladies Boarding School was located in this city.

Augusta, Maine

The British constructed this fort on the Maumee River to avoid an attack on Fort Detroit.

Fort Miami

Washington and Rochambeau’s joint army started their march this number of miles south of New York.

three hundred

This man was the second | President of the United States.

John Adams

This Continental Army officer felt unappreciated by senior officers and the Continental Congress.

Benedict Arnold

``` Parliament passed a law in January of 1782 prohibiting this British force from any additional offensive attacks in North America. ```

Army

These northern states maintained systems of slavery until the 1840s.

Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New | Hampshire, New Jersey

American militias met Ferguson and his Loyalist forces at this mountain near the border of North and South Carolina.

Kings Mountain

Under this practice, Britain pursued a “hands-off” approach to the colonies and enforced parliamentary laws loosely.

salutary neglect

The Marquis de Lafayette held this position in the French government.

member of Estates General

This delegate wanted to delay a declaration of independence until America secured foreign allies.

John Dickinson

Britain received these French | lands in the Treaty of Paris.

Quebec and the Ohio Valley

Eliza Wilkinson came from this | American colony.

South Carolina

The coast Algoquians were along were

the Atlantic Coast,

The Lake Bodies the Alonguian were along

the Great | Lakes

The River the Alonguian were along

the St. Lawrence River

White slavers illegally imported African enslaved peoples from (blank) and Mexico

Spanish Florida

White slavers illegally imported African enslaved peoples from Spanish Florida and (blank current nation)

Mexico

Free African Americans faced discrimination from white workers for fear of job competition and

fear of social integration

Free African Americans faced discrimination from white workers for fear of job competition and

social integration

By what year were there 30,000 slaves in the northern colonies

1810

Albany Congress Started

June 19, 1754

Albany Congress Ended

July 11, 1754

Boston King and other formerly enslaved people settled in Nova Scotia and (2 Word blank) following evacuation from the United States.

Sierra Leone

Boston King and other formerly enslaved people settled in Sierra Leone and (2 Word blank) following evacuation from the United States.

Nova Scotia

Jefferson pursued these three | presidential policies: dismantling taxes, reducing (blank), paying off government debt

army and navy

Jefferson pursued these three presidential policies: dismantling (blank), reducing army and navy, paying off government debt

taxes

Social Science Flashcards

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