Social Stratifcation

Question 1

Social Class

Answer 1

Category of people who share same SES

Question 2

Social Cohesion

Answer 2

Solidarity and sense of connectedness of different social groups and classes in society.

Question 3

Social Stratification

Answer 3

Social inequality related to one’s SES that depend on achieved and ascribed status’

Question 4

Educational Attainment

Answer 4

Highest degree obtained and number of years of education completed. (achieved status)

Question 5

Socioeconomic Gradient of health

Answer 5

The lower SES = poorer health outcomes

Question 6

Prestige

Answer 6

Positive regard society has for a person or idea.

Question 7

Power

Answer 7

Ability to affect other’s behavior through real or perceived awards and punishments.

Question 8

Class and False consciousness

Answer 8

Class consciousness: Organization of working class around goals and recognizing their powerless state to revolt.
False consciousness: misperception of one's actual position in society.

Question 9

Anomie

Answer 9

Lack of widely accepted social norms and breakdown of social bonds between individual and society.

Question 10

Strain theory

Answer 10

Anomic conditions lead to deviance (criminality)

Question 11

Social Solidarity

Answer 11

Sense of community belonging and social cohesion.

Question 12

Two sources of social trust

Answer 12

1. Social reciprocity

2. Social networks

Question 13

Social capital

Answer 13

Investment in social networks that you have.

Question 14

Social integration

Answer 14

Process of someone new or minority moving into a larger culture while maintain identity.

Question 15

Privilege

Answer 15

Inequality in opportunity

Question 16

Cultural capital

Answer 16

Knowledge skills and abilities known that provide benefits.

Question 17

Strong and Weak Ties

Answer 17

Strong ties: close groups (family and friends)

Weak ties: superficial large groups (networking)

Question 18

Intersectioanlity

Answer 18

Compounding of disadvantaged identities (discriminated)

Question 19

Social mobility

Answer 19

Moving up or down in social position.

Question 20

Intragenerational mobility vs intergenerational mobility

Answer 20

Intragenerational: social status that happens in lifetime
Intergenerational: social status from parents to children.

Question 21

Meritocracy vs Plutocracy

Answer 21

Social structure in which intellectual talent and achievement are means to advance
Plutocracy: rule by upper class

Question 22

Vertical mobility and horizontal mobility

Answer 22

Vertical mobility: movement up or down social positions (usually via education)
Horizontal mobility: change in occupation and lifestyle that keeps someone in the same class

Question 23

Poverty

Answer 23

Low SES and lack of possessions or financial resources.

Question 24

Social reproduction

Answer 24

Social inequalities are reproduced and passed down from one generation to the next.

Question 25

Structural poverty

Answer 25

Poverty is a "institution" due to structure of economy not by cause of individuals.

Question 26

Absolute poverty vs relative poverty

Answer 26

Absolute: don't have enough resources to maintain basic survival Relative: people are poor in comparison to the larger populaion

Question 27

Poverty line

Answer 27

Governmental calculations of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire the minimum necessities of life.

Question 28

Social Exclusion

Answer 28

Sense of powerlessness and isolation when individuals are alienated by society

Question 29

Spatial Inequality

Answer 29

Social stratification across territories and their populations (dependent on geography), (ex. wealthy neighborhoods will have undesirable buildings built in poorer areas leading to compromised health)

Question 30

Residental Segregation

Answer 30

Stratifying of neighborhoods that create unequal chances for people who live in these communities

Question 31

Suburbanization

Answer 31

Migration patter of middle class to suburban communities

Question 32

Urban decay, Urban Renewal and Gentrification

Answer 32

``` Urban decay: previously functional portion of city deteriorates and decrepit overtime Urban renewal: city is reclaimed and renovated for public and private use Gentrification: Upper-middle class populations begin to purchase neighborhoods driving lower SES off. ```

Question 33

Environmental justice

Answer 33

Poor living conditions and environmental conditions lead to illness and disease (low-income) more prone to environmental risks

Question 34

World System Theory and the three nations

Answer 34

Categorizing countries and emphasizing the inequalities of division of labor at global level Core nations: higher skill and higher pay production exploit the periphery Peripheral: lower-skilled productions Semi-peripheral: midway between these two.

Question 35

Incidence vs Prevalence

Answer 35

Incidence: Number of cases of an illness per population at risk/per time Prevalence: number of total illness per total population per time.

Question 36

Morbidity vs Mortality

Answer 36

Morbidity: Burden of degree or illness associated with given disease Mortality: Deaths caused by disease.

Question 37

Second sickness

Answer 37

Exacerbation of health outcomes of health outcomes caused by social injustices

Question 38

factors that affect inequities of health

Answer 38

race, gender (women outlive men but more morbidity), LGBT discrimination

Question 39

Why women live longer

Answer 39

They check-up with the doctors more often, less risk behavior as men, dangerous jobs, more likely with disease.

Question 40

Medicaid and Medicare

Answer 40

Medicare: covers patients >65, end stage renal disease, and ALS Medicaid: covers patients with significant financial need.