Social Structure

Question 1

Functionalism

Answer 1

• Theoretical framework that explain how parts of society fit together to create a cohesive whole, via both manifest (intended to help some part of the system) and latent (unintended positive) functions
• In functionalism, the beneficial functions of the various components of society can be either manifest (intended) or latent (unintended).

Question 2

Conflict Theory

Answer 2

• Theoretical framework that emphasizes the role of power differentials in producing social order.
• It is a sociological perspective that attempts to understand society by examining conflicts between groups on inequalities and competition for resources.
• This theory focuses on social unrest and inequality, making it not well-suited for explaining a phenomena such as altruism.
• Conflict theory states that those in power attempt to maintain their power by using their influence to shape society. This includes determining what is considered “normal” in society, including laws, cultural norms, and customs.

Question 3

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 3

• Theoretical framework that studies the way individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols.
• Individuals develop their own sense of self by interacting and developing relationships with others
• It is a sociological perspective that attempts to explain human action and interaction by studying the symbols we use to communicate.
• It assumes that humans act towards symbols based on their meaning, that the meaning of symbols come from social interaction, and that humans interpret the meaning, and these interpretations influence action.
• This perspective foes not posit that the meaning of symbols are the same across cultures. Rather, a given symbol can have different meanings depending on the culture in which it is used.

Question 4

Social Constructionism

Answer 4

• A theoretical approach that uncovers the ways in which individuals and groups participate in the formation of their perceived social reality.
• Shares ideas about reality, such as the idea that a coin represents purchasing power, and social constructs.
• Focuses on how these constructs are created and used in society.