Social Studies

Question 1

Crime

Answer 1

An action or omission which constitute an offence that is punishable by law

Question 2

Types of crimes

Answer 2

• Violent crimes (assault; murder)
• Property crimes (burglary; vandalism)
• White collar crimes (fraud)
• Victimless crimes (illegal gambling)

Question 3

Crime in one place, but not in another

Answer 3

• Chewing gum in public spaces is illegal in Singapore
• Alcohol consumption strictly banned in certain middle Eastern countries

Question 4

Once illegal, but is now legal (vice versa)

Answer 4

• Seat belt laws
• Same-sex relationships
• Alcohol consumption

Question 5

Same-sex relationships

Answer 5

• legally recognized a relationship for same-sex couples.
• Most rights of married heterosexuals, but not the right to adopt.
• 39 countries established same-sex marriage

Question 6

Alcohol Consumption

Answer 6

• Moral concerns: led to crime
• Religious groups: ban to improve society
• Women’s groups: to protect family
• Workplace productivity: more reliable

Question 7

Positive of Alcohol Prohibition

Answer 7

• consumption rate dropped
• Alcohol related diseases declined

Question 8

Negative of Alcohol Prohibition

Answer 8

• Rise in organized crime: profited from illegal alcohol sales
• Speakeasies: hidden bars
• lost tax revenue: loss of alcohol taxes impacted public services
• increased law enforcement costs: Police spent significant resources trying to stop illegal alcohol

Question 9

Deviance

Answer 9

A behavior that violates social norms. This behavior may or may not break laws

Question 10

Types of deviance

Answer 10

• Formal deviance: breaking rules or laws
• Informal deviance: violating unwritten social norms

Question 11

How and why deviance changes over time

Answer 11

• Cultural Shifts: tattoos were once linked to rebellion and crime but are now mainstream in many countries
• Technological change: digital piracy/ cyberbullying
• Social movement: protests were once seen as disruptive, may now be viewed as courageous

Question 12

Negative Deviance

Answer 12

Behaviors that harm society or break social norms in destructive ways
(Ex. Violence, discrimination, fraud)

Question 13

Positive Deviance

Answer 13

Unconventional behaviors that positively challenge norms
(Ex. Whistleblowers exposing corruption or activists pushing for social change)

Question 14

Shiori Ito

Answer 14

Positive deviance by publicly accused a prominent journalist of sexual assault.
Raised awareness about gender equality and encouraged legal and social change.

Question 15

Human rights

Answer 15

Basic Rights and freedom that belong to every person in the world, regardless of their nationality ethnicity, religion, or any other status

Question 16

International crimes

Answer 16

Human rights violations are often wild spread and are handled by the ICC (International Criminal Court)

Question 17

UDHR

Answer 17

Describes the fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
- laid foundation for international human rights law and has been a key reference point in global efforts to combat human rights violation

Question 18

1 (UDHR)

Answer 18

Equality : everyone is born free and equal in dignity and with rights

Question 19

Article 4, 5

Answer 19

Freedom from Slavery and torture

Question 19

Article 7, 11

Answer 19

Equality before the law : right to be treated the same way as everyone else.
Innocent until proven guilty.

Question 19

Article 12

Answer 19

No-one has the right to interfere with your privacy, family or home

Question 20

Article 18,19

Answer 20

Freedom of Belief and Opinion

Question 21

Article 25

Answer 21

Adequate living standards: decent life, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care

Question 22

Article 26

Answer 22

Right to Education

Question 23

Article 29

Answer 23

We all have responsibility to the people around us and should protect their rights and freedoms

Question 24

Why have Human Rights Evolved

Answer 24

- Injustice - War & Conflicts - Political movements - New ideas & philosophies

Question 25

Examples of Human rights Setback

Answer 25

1. Abortion Rights in the U.S. 2. Press Freedom Declines 3. Racial Discrimination in Voting

Question 26

The Cyrus Cylinder

Answer 26

- first human rights declaration - religious freedom, allowed enslaved people to return home

Question 27

The Magna Carta

Answer 27

- King John of England was forced to sign - limit power of monarchy - protection of illegal imprisonment - right to fair trial

Question 28

The declaration of Independence

Answer 28

- Written by Thomas Jefferson - American colonies were independent from Britain - right life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

Question 29

The declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen

Answer 29

- Inspired by enlightenment ideas - American revolution - established the right of individuals - foundation for modern democracy

Question 30

Slavery Abolition Act

Answer 30

- The British Parliament, influenced by abolitionists like William Wilberforce - major victory for human rights

Question 31

Emancipation Declaration

Answer 31

- President Abraham Lincoln issued during Civil War - enslaved people were free - changed the course of the war and fight for abolition

Question 32

First Geneva convention

Answer 32

- established humanitarian laws for war - soldiers would receive medical treatment - Foundation for the International Red Cross and future humanitarian laws

Question 33

The Atlantic Charter

Answer 33

- WW2, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill outlined principles for post war - Formation of UN with self-determination and human rights

Question 34

Founding of the United Nations

Answer 34

- After WW2 - maintain peace, promote human rights

Question 35

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Answer 35

- Eleanor Roosevelt - human rights law

Question 36

The Holocaust

Answer 36

- most devastating examples of human rights violations - right to life was taken - event that triggered the UDHR

Question 37

Why was the UDHR created?

Answer 37

1. Impact of WW2 2. The formation of the UN 3. Role of Elenor Roosevelt

Question 37

1. Impact of WW2

Answer 37

- international human rights protection - no government could legally mistreat

Question 37

2. The formation of the UN

Answer 37

- UN charter mentioned human rights but did not define them

Question 38

The role of Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 38

- Chaired commission on Human rights - rushed for a strong universal agreement - “international Magna Carta for all mankind”

Question 39

The Drafting Committee

Answer 39

- (1947-1948) - René Cassin (France) wrote the first full draft - Charles Malik (Lebanon) debated philosophy - Peng Chung Chang (China) brought Confucian ideas into the discussion - John Humphrey (Canada) compiled existing documents

Question 40

Challenges in writing the UDHR

Answer 40

- Differences between Western and Eastern Perspectives - Some countries wanted stronger legal enforcement, while others wanted moral guide - Hansa Mehta (India) fought to change “All human beings are born free and equal”

Question 41

December 10, 1948

Answer 41

the day the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly - 48 countries voted, 0 opposed

Question 42

Why is the UDHR important?

Answer 42

Became the foundation for: - International human rights law - Amnesty International and Human rights Watch - Civil rights and equality movements worldwide

Question 43

Does every country follow the UDHR?

Answer 43

- dome governments ignore human rights, because it is not a legal binding but a moral and political standard

Question 44

What does the UDHR make up

Answer 44

International Bill of Human rights