Social Studies Final Review Flashcards
(20 cards)
A government agency established in 1865 to help former slaves by providing food, housing, education, medical care, and legal support.
Freedmen’s Bureau
Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan that allowed a Southern state to form a new government once 10% of its voters swore loyalty to the Union.
10 Percent Plan
A stricter Reconstruction plan requiring a majority of white men in Southern states to swear loyalty to the Union and denying rights to former Confederates.
Wade-Davis Bill
A group in Congress that wanted to punish the South, protect the rights of freed slaves, and enforce strict Reconstruction policies
Radical Republicans
When the president ignores a bill, effectively killing it if Congress adjourns within 10 days and it is not signed.
Pocket Veto
Abolished slavery in the United States
13th Amendment
Granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S. and provided equal protection under the law.
14th Amendment
Gave African American men the right to vote, stating that voting rights could not be denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
15th Amendment
The process of charging a public official with wrongdoing; President Johnson was impeached but not removed from office.
Impeachment
Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party
Scalawags
Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War to profit from Reconstruction.
Carpetbaggers
A white supremacist group that used terror and violence to intimidate African Americans and their allies.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
A system where poor farmers, often freed slaves, worked land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops, often leading to a cycle of debt and poverty
Sharecropping
A fee required to vote, used to prevent African Americans and poor whites from voting.
Poll Tax
A reading and comprehension test used to restrict voting rights, mainly targeting African Americans.
Literacy Test
Allowed people to bypass literacy tests and poll taxes if their father or grandfather had voted before 1867, effectively excluding most African Americans.
Grandfather Clause
State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.
Jim Crow Laws
A Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of racial segregation, establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
The period after the Civil War (1865–1877) during which the Southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union.
Reconstruction
A general pardon, especially for political offenses; Johnson gave amnesty to many former Confederates.
Amnesty
