Social Studies Final Review 5 Flashcards
(24 cards)
A person (like Teddy Roosevelt) who targets and breaks up corrupt trusts or monopolies that harm the public, but allows “good” trusts to operate.
Trustbuster
A federal law aimed at preventing monopolies and trusts that restrained trade and competition.
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
A railroad trust broken up in 1902 after Roosevelt’s lawsuit under the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Northern Securities Company
A major strike where Roosevelt intervened, threatening troops, and siding with labor to help resolve the strike during winter.
Coal Mine Strike of 1902
Law outlawing railroad rebates, strengthening the Interstate Commerce Act.
Elkins Act (1903)
Law that gave the Interstate Commerce Commission power to set maximum railroad rates.
Hepburn Act (1906)
Teddy Roosevelt’s 1904 campaign slogan promoting fairness for farmers, consumers, workers, and business owners.
Square Deal
Federal law requiring inspection of meatpacking plants to ensure sanitary conditions.
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Law requiring food and drug manufacturers to list ingredients on packages and ban harmful substances.
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Period (approx. 1890s–1920s) focused on social and political reforms, including increasing democracy and regulating business.
Progressive Era
Secret ballot system allowing voters to cast votes privately to reduce corruption and intimidation.
Australian Ballot
Process allowing citizens to propose a law by collecting signatures to put a bill before the legislature.
Initiative
Process allowing voters to approve or reject a law passed by the legislature through a direct vote.
Referendum
A procedure enabling voters to remove an elected official from office before their term ends.
Recall
Elections where party members select their candidates for the general election.
Primary Elections
Tax system where higher incomes are taxed at higher rates; established by the 16th Amendment.
16th Amendment (1913)
Allowed direct election of U.S. Senators by the people instead of state legislatures.
17th Amendment (1913)
Political practice of giving government jobs to loyal supporters, often leading to corruption.
Spoils System
Law requiring government job applicants to pass exams, reducing spoils system corruption.
Civil Service Act (Pendleton Act) 1883
Powerful local politicians who controlled votes and government contracts, often through corruption (e.g., Boss Tweed).
Political Boss
First federal law to regulate railroads, establishing the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Government agency created to regulate railroad rates and practices.
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
Federal law prohibiting monopolies and unfair business practices that restrain trade.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Corrupt NYC political boss exposed by cartoonist Thomas Nast, later jailed for fraud.
Boss Tweed
