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Social Thinking And Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is social psychology the study of

A

Social thinking
Social influence
Social relations

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2
Q

What is social thinking

A

How we think about our social world

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3
Q

What is social influence

A

How other people influence our behaviour

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4
Q

What is social relations

A

How we relate towards other people

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5
Q

What are three key aspects of social thinking

A

Attributions
Impressions
Attitudes

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6
Q

What are attributions

A

Judgements about the causes of our own and other peoples behaviour and outcomes

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7
Q

What do personal attributions do

A

Infer that people’s characteristics cause their behaviour

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8
Q

What do situational attributions do

A

Infer that aspects of the situation cause a behaviour

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9
Q

What three types of information determine the attributions we make

A

Consistency
Distinctiveness
Consensus

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10
Q

When do people tend to make a situational attribution

A

When all three types of information are high

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11
Q

When do we tend to make personal attributions

A

When consistency is high and the other two are low

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12
Q

What does fundamental attribution error mean

A

We underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the role of personal factors when explaining other people’s behaviour

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13
Q

What is self serving bias

A

The tendency to make personal attributions for success and situational attributions for failures

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14
Q

What is the primary effect

A

Our tendency to attach more importance to the initial information that we learn about a person

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15
Q

What is a mental set

A

A readiness to perceive the world in a particular way

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16
Q

What are schemes

A

Mental frameworks that help us organise and interpret information

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17
Q

What is a stereotype

A

A shared belief about a group or category of people

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18
Q

What is a self fulfilling prophecy

A

Our expectations affect our behaviour toward a person, which can cause the person to behave in a way that confirms our expectations

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19
Q

Define attitude

A

A positive or negative evaluative reaction towards a stimulus, such as a person, action, object or concept

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20
Q

Explain the theory of planned behaviour

A

Out intention to engage in a behaviour is strongest when:
We have a positive attitude to that behaviour
When subjective norms support our attitudes
When we believe that behaviour is under our control

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21
Q

What is cognitive dissonance

A

People strive for consistency in their cognitions

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22
Q

When is cognitive dissonance created

A

When two or more cognitions contradict one another

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23
Q

What is counter attitudinal behaviour

A

Behaviour that is inconsistent with ones attitude

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24
Q

What is self perception theory

A

We make inferences about our own attitudes by observing how we behave

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25
What are the three aspects of the persuasion process
Communicator credibility The message The audience
26
What is communicator credibility
How believable we perceive the communicator to be
27
What is the central route to persuasion
People think carefully about the message and are influenced because arguments seem compelling
28
What is the peripheral route to persuasion
People don't scrutinise the message but are influenced most by other factors
29
What is compliance
A surface change in behaviour which isn't associated with true underlying cognitive changes
30
What are compliance techniques
Strategies that may manipulate you into saying yes when you really want to say no
31
What is the norm of reciprocity
Involves expectation that when others treat is well, we should respond in kind
32
What does door in the face mean
A persuader makes a large request, expecting you to reject it and then presents a smaller request
33
What does foot in the door mean
A persuader gets you to comply with a small request first and later presents a larger request
34
What is lowballing
A persuader gets you to commit to some action and then, before you actually perform the behaviour, he or she increases the cost of that same behaviour
35
What are factors that influence obedience
Remoteness of the victim Closeness and legitimacy of the authority figure Diffusion of responsibility
36
What is diffusion of responsibility
Obedience increases when someone else does the dirty work
37
What are social norms
Shared expectations about how people should think, feel and behave
38
What is a social role
A set of norms that characterises how people in a given social position ought to behave
39
What is role conflict
Occurs when the norms accompanying different roles clash
40
What is conformity
The adjustment of individual behaviours, attitudes and beliefs to a group standard
41
What is informal social influence
Following the influence of other people because we believe that they have accurate knowledge and that what they are doing is right
42
What is normative social influence
Conforming to obtain rewards that come from being accepted by others while at the same time avoiding their rejection
43
What is social loafing
Tendency for people to expend less individual effort when working in a group than when working alone
44
What is the collective effort model
People will put forth only as much effort as they expect is needed to reach their goal
45
Does social loafing occur more strongly in male or female groups
Male
46
What is groupthink
The tendency of group members to suspend critical thinking because they are striving to reach an agreement
47
Define prejudice
A negative attitude towards people based on their membership in a group
48
Define discrimination
Overt behaviour that involves treating people unfairly based on the group yo which they belong
49
What is explicit prejudice
Publicly expressed prejudice
50
What is implicit prejudice
Prejudice hidden from public view
51
What is an implicit association test
An implicit measure that can reveal many types of unconscious prejudice
52
What is stereotype threat
Stereotypes crate self consciousness amount stereotypes group members and a fear they will live up to other people's stereotypes
53
Explain the equal status contact
Prejudice between people is most likely to be reduced when they: Engage in sustained close contact Have equal status Work to achieve a common goal that requires cooperation Are supported by broader social norms
54
What is kin selection
Organism are more likely to help other with whom they share the most genes, namely their offspring and genetic relatives
55
What is reciprocal altruism
Helping others increases the odds that they will help us or our kin in future
56
What is the norm of reciprocity
We should reciprocate when others treat us kindly
57
What is the norm of social responsibility
People should help others and contribute to the welfare of society
58
What did Batson say
Pro social behaviour can be motivated by altruism and egotistic goals
59
What is altruism
Helping others for the ultimate purpose of enhancing that persons welfare
60
What are egoistic goals
Helping others to improve our own welfare
61
What is the empathy-altruism hypothesis
Altruism is produced by empathy
62
Define empathy
The ability to put oneself in the place of another and share what that person is experiencing
63
Who came up with the 5 step bystander intervention process
Latane and Darley
64
What are ten 5 steps of the bystander intervention proces
Note the event Decide if the event is really an emergency Assuming responsibility to intervene Self efficiency in dealing with the situation Decision to help
65
What is the bystander effect
The presence of other bystanders inhibits each persons tendency to help
66
What is the mere exposure effect
Repeated exposure to a stimulus typically increases our liking for it
67
What is diffusion of responsibility
Believing that someone else will help
68
What is the matching effect
We are most likely to have a partner whose level of physical attractiveness is similar to our own
69
Explain passionate love
Involves intense emotion, arousal and yearning for the partner
70
Explain compassionate love
Involves affection and deep caring about the partners well being
71
What does Sternberg's triangular theory of love state
Love involves three major components Passion Intimacy Commitment
72
Define consummate love
Sternberg's ultimate form of love; occurs when intimacy, passion and commitment are all present

Psychology (7 decks)

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