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sociology yr1 > socialisation, culture and identity rdu paper 1 key words > Flashcards

socialisation, culture and identity rdu paper 1 key words Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

norms

A

shared beliefs, norms and values

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2
Q

blates and plogg 1990

A

“a way of life for a particular society.”

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3
Q

cultural relativity

A

the view that all customs, beliefs at ethics are relative to the individual within their own social context

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4
Q

cultural diversity

A

the differences and variety found in society

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5
Q

cultural hybridity

A

merging of different cultures

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6
Q

subculture

A
  • a culture enjoyed by a small group within society
  • subcultures have distinct norms and values, which make them a subsection of society eg. youth groups
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7
Q

high culture

A

linked with the elite and upper class in society, families and individuals with an ascribed status position

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8
Q

popular culture

A
  • activities enjoyed but accessed by the masses
  • media are largely responsible for crating popular culture in the uk
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9
Q

consumer culture

A
  • things we consume and use in society
  • based on cultural and economic factors
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10
Q

global culture

A

globalisation is the process by which events in one part of the world to influence what happens elsewhere in the world

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11
Q

characteristics on popular culture

A
  • constantly changing
  • based mainly in urban areas
  • based in large groups of people
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12
Q

characteristics in global culture

A
  • increasing connections between various part of the world
  • global availability of cultural products eg. kfc, curry
  • access to diversity of cultural products eg. food, music
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13
Q

characteristics of subcultures

A
  • based around social class, ethnicity and age
  • functionlist perspective
  • people select norms, values and lifestyles
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14
Q

characteristics of consumer culture

A
  • culture that is produced for mass consumption
  • consumers: seen as passive and easily manipulated
  • m/c exploit w/c as media represent capitalist systems as normal
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15
Q

high culture characteristics

A
  • the tastes of the wealthy or educated
  • to understand high culture high culture requires access to a particular kind of education
  • m/c: seen as more intellectual
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16
Q

low culture

A

seen as an inferior counterpart of high culture

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17
Q

examples of low culture

A

pop music and football hooligans

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18
Q

norm

A

something considered normal in society eg. wearing clothes

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19
Q

value

A

something considered important eg. respect

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20
Q

socialisation

A

the process of learning norms and values, this continues throughout a persons life

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21
Q

primary socialisation

A

the first ad most important phase of learning norms and values (in the family)

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22
Q

secondary socialisation

A

the continuation of learning norms and values

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23
Q

cultural capital

A

having the resources, experience and connections (old boys network) in order to gain the opportunities

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24
Q

formal social control

A

agencies specifically set up to ensure that people conform, overt control

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25
informal social control
groups which sanction but are not primarily involved enforcing social control eg. family and friends
26
identity
based on our membership of, or identification with, particularly social groups
27
personal identity
how are person thinks about themselves (internal)
28
social identity
how they are perceived by others (external)
29
given identity
age, gender, birthplace
30
chosen identity
political party, career, religion
31
core identity
behaviours, values, skills
32
primary identity
develops from birth as a result of the interaction with the childs family
33
class identity
the social class you are born into or develop throughout your life
34
gender identity
the way in which our identity connects to the culturally learned characteristics of being 'masculine' or 'feminine'
35
sexuality identity
how you identify with sexual preference eg. heterosexual
36
ethnic identity
the way in which our identities connect to our ethnic group and expectations of that group
37
secondary identity
develops through involvement in school, work and through leisure activities
38
biological deterministic view
the idea that all human behaviour is innate and determined by genes
39
social constructionist view
asserts that all meaning is socially created
40
intersectionality
these aspects of identity may also intersect in different ways eg. age may have more significance to women than men, due to looking youthful/attractive
41
hybridity
- someones sense of who they are is a mixture of two or more influences - eg. an individual as a British person, but also as a muslim or Pakistani - thus their ethnic identity is a hybrid of both British and asian ethnicity
42
brasian
British and asian
43
blasian
black and asian
44
medical model
- sees disability as a medical problem, focusing on the limitations caused by the impairment, and this has long been the approach by society - this approach leads to the defining of a disabled person by their disability or impairment
45
social model
- focuses on the social and physical barriers to inclusion that may exist, such as the design of building that deny access to those with mobility problems - society = disabling factor - this approach can lead to the view that disability is socially constructed, since it rests on assumptions son what is 'normal' and 'abnormal'
46
learned helplessness
describes the way that some disabled people may internalise the idea that they are incapable of changing a situation, and this fail to take action to help themselves
47
disability identity
the way in which disabilities within individuals see themself and are percieved in society
48
the life course approach
- developed in the 1960s - examines an individuals life history and how early events influence future decisions
49
landed aristocracy
traditional source of their wealth is historical ownership of land and their political connections to the monarchy that's made them the most significant sector in society
50
business elite
- characterised by their ownership of significant national, international and global companies - can be subdivided into financial elites (banking, insurance, knowledge services) or industrial elites (focused on manufacturing)
51
traditional working class
was the dominant w/c type from around the end of the 19th century until the 50s/60s, which consisted of male breadwinners and women being housewives, living close to extended family and where communities were close knit
52
the 'new' working class
as industries declined the work that the traditional w/c was involved in changed from factory work to skilled work
53
present orientations
a concern with immediate consumption, because you might not get the opportunity later
54
immediate gratification
leaving school at the earliest opportunity to take paid employment
55
future orientation
to plan for the future, such as holidays, saving for home improvements or retired pensions
56
deferred gratification
staying in education to obtain qualifications that give entrance to professional careers
57
social construction
the idea that many aspects of our reality including beliefs, behaviours and institutions, are created and shaped by society
58
cultural homogenisation
all countries will be more similar as a result of globalisation
59
cultural resistance
where countries resist global culture and fiercely protect their heritage
60
hegemonic masculinity
macho, dominant, aggressive, breadwinner
61
cultural hybridity
the mixing of different cultures to create something new

sociology yr1 (10 decks)

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