Sociological Policies Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is Zero Tolerance Policing (ZTP)?
A policy where all crimes, including minor ones, are strictly enforced to prevent more serious offences.
What theory supports Zero Tolerance Policing?
Broken Windows Theory (Wilson and Kelling, 1982) – suggests small signs of disorder lead to more crime if unchecked.
What is the aim of ZTP?
To create a culture of lawfulness by addressing all deviant behaviour, restoring public confidence in policing.
Where has ZTP been used effectively?
New York City in the 1990s under Mayor Giuliani and Police Commissioner Bratton.
What were the results of ZTP in New York?
Crime rates, particularly violent crime, fell significantly—although other factors may have contributed.
What are criticisms of Zero Tolerance Policing?
It can lead to over-policing, targeting of minority communities, and criminalisation of low-level behaviour.
What is CCTV in crime control?
Closed-Circuit Television – a surveillance system used to monitor public areas and deter criminal behaviour.
How does CCTV act as a crime prevention tool?
It increases the perceived risk of being caught, acting as a deterrent (situational crime prevention).
Which theory supports CCTV use?
Right Realism – particularly Rational Choice Theory, which argues that offenders weigh up risks vs. rewards.
Where has CCTV been widely implemented?
Across UK town centres, car parks, and public transport systems since the 1990s.
What evidence supports CCTV effectiveness?
Some studies show reduced vehicle crime in car parks, but mixed results for violent or drug-related crime.
What are criticisms of CCTV?
It can displace crime to areas without cameras and raises concerns about privacy and mass surveillance.
How is CCTV different from ZTP in terms of approach?
ZTP is enforcement-based and proactive; CCTV is surveillance-based and largely passive unless monitored.
What do both ZTP and CCTV aim to do?
Reduce crime by increasing the likelihood of detection and social control over deviant behaviour.
