Sociology - C&D - Social policy and crime - Left wing Flashcards
(28 cards)
What does social and community crime prevention look at.
The role of the police, the criminal justice system, the community and other agencies
What is in complete opposition to military style policing
Consensual Policing styles
What is the multi-agency approach to crime prevention?
Promoting co-operation between agencies in society to control behaviour
What are the advantages of Social and Community crime prevention?
- Hall finds military style policing problematic
- Functionalists support multi-agency approach
What do left wing sociologists believe needs to happen to the offender?
Needs to be reintegrated into society once they have addressed the causes of their offending
Who looked at “Crime, Shame and Reintegration”?
Braithwaite (1989)
What are the disadvantages of Left wing ideas of punishment?
Criticised by new right sociologists such as Murray
What does restorative justice consist of?
a set of principles and recognises the impact of the offender on the victim, community and the offender (“Square of Crime”)
How does restorative justice become an inclusive process?
Sees the benefit of offenders and victims taking an active role in justice and encourages them to take responsibility, victims and offenders personal needs are addressed.
What does Braithwaite state about restorative justice?
Restorative Justice is about the idea that crime hurts and justice should heal. Conversations with the hurt and those who afflicted harm are central to this process
What can result from restorative justice?
High rates of victim satisfaction and offender accountability. Can reduce reoffending rates.
What do some restorative justice schemes replace?
Replaces custodial sentences with community ones allowing victims to communicate and have a say in what happens to the offender. Applied to minor offences
What is a balanced evaluation point for restorative justice?
Is limited as it relies on all parties cooperating and a formal justice system will be needed if it fails. Marshall (1998) found most individuals participated and was successful.
What is an advantage of restorative justice?
Has been praised and can be seen to be successful. 2001, 7 year gov program to research RJ and Shapland (2008) found that majority of victims wanted to need offenders and 85% were satisfied and there was a decrease in reoffending. Cost effective
What are the disadvantages of restorative justice?
Feminist sociologists would criticise the use of RJ especially for rape as many victims are too scared to report in in the first place so it isn’t recorded. 90% of victims knew their attacker so this may make the process difficult. Rape victims should be protected (video chat?)
Which left realist sociologist looked at structural changes?
Jock Young
What do left realists believe crime is caused by?
Social structure like inequality, deprivation and social exclusion.
What do left wing policies want?
long term crime prevention and to focus on the practical steps of reducing crime.
What are the structural changes that left realists want to implement to reduce crime?
- Remove income inequalities
- Welfare benefits should be continued
- More leisure facilities
- Raise living standards and quality of life
- Reduce unemployment
- improve education
Why do left realists believe removing income inequalities will reduce crime?
It will give everyone an equal chance of gaining wealth. Can be done by redistributing taxes and increasing minimum wage.
Why do left realists believe not cutting welfare benefits will reduce crime?
Welfare benefits should be given to the underclass and poorer working class people who need it. They may need it if they have no job or low wages and would stop them turning to crime for money.
Why do left realists believe increasing leisure facilities will reduce crime?
So that members of the community will have useful activities to do in their spare time and may encourage young people to focus on this rather than criminality.
Why do left realists believe raising living standards and improving quality of life for poorer families (housing) will reduce crime?
Society overall needs good housing and people can either buy their own or gain this through council homes.
Why do left realists believe reducing unemployment will reduce crime?
Increasing employment opportunities should be better for everyone and this can; be done through increasing education and training low skilled individuals (apprenticeships). Young people may benefit, seeing this as a turning point and will be less tempted to pursue a life of crime.
