Sociology chapter 3

Question 1

Society in which simple hand tools are used to grow crops

Answer 1

Horticultural Society

Question 2

Society that depends on domestic animals for its survival

Answer 2

Pastoral Society

Question 3

Society based on agricultural production through use of intense agricultural methods

Answer 3

Agrarian Society

Question 4

Society that relies on machines and advanced technology to produce and distribute food

Answer 4

Industrial Society

Question 5

Society dominated by service industries and where the manufacture of information and knowledge dominates the economy

Answer 5

Postindustrial Society

Question 6

Learned set of beliefs, values, norms, material goods shared by group members

Answer 6

Culture

Question 7

Artifacts, art, architecture that people create and assign meaning

Answer 7

Material Culture

Question 8

Non-Material Culture

Answer 8

Knowledge that serves as a guideline for group behavior

Question 9

A complex system of symbols with conventional meanings

Answer 9

Language

Question 10

Norms?

Answer 10

Folkway
More
Law
Taboo

Question 11

Values?

Answer 11

Individualism
Equality
Acheivment
Efficiency and Practicality
Progress
Material Comfort
Work and Leisure

Question 12

Penalties or rewards are used to encourage confomity

Answer 12

Sanctions

Question 13

Society in which people make a living by hunting, collecting food, and fishing with simple technology.

Answer 13

Hunting and Gathering Society

Question 14

When societies grow more complex in terms of cultural knowledge over time.

Answer 14

Socio-cultural Evolution

Question 15

Anything to which group members assign meaning

Answer 15

Symbols

Question 16

Norm against behavior that most members of a group consider to be so repugnant they are unthinkable

Answer 16

Taboo

Question 17

Informal rules and expectations that guide people’s everyday behavior

Answer 17

Folkways

Question 18

Norms that people consider essential to the proper working of society

Answer 18

More

Question 19

Formal rules enacted and enforced by the power of the state, which apply to all members of society.

Answer 19

Laws

Question 20

Confusion that occurs when a person encounters a different culture.

Answer 20

Culture Shock

Question 21

Viewing all cultural practices and values as being equally valid and worthy of respect.

Answer 21

Relativist Fallacy

Question 22

(view one’s culture as good and those of others as bad)

Answer 22

Ethnocentrism

Question 23

Respect and appreciation for cultural difference.

Answer 23

Multiculturalism

Question 24

Tastes and creations supported and used by the upper-class to make distinctions within their ranks and between themselves and those beneath them in social rank.

Answer 24

High Culture

Question 25

Tastes and creations of working-class and minority group members

Answer 25

Folk Culture

Question 26

Inconsistencies in a cultural system between the material and nonmaterial culture.

Answer 26

Culture Lag

Question 27

The examination of the relationship between a culture and its total environment.

Answer 27

Functionalism

Question 28

Societal culture is shaped by the interests of those at the top of society

Answer 28

Conflict Theory

Question 29

The domination of cultural industries by elite groups

Answer 29

Cultural Hegemony