Sociology chapter 6,7,8

Question 1

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Behavior that violates significant social norms

Answer 1

deviance

Question 2

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

“It is not the act itself but the reactions to the act, that make something deviant.”

Answer 2

Howard S Becker

Question 3

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Because different groups have different norms, what is deviant to some may not be deviant to others. Ex: Indian man showering naked at the neighborhood water pump= not deviant in India.

Answer 3

relativity of deviance

Question 4

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

An act that breaks a law and causes harm to people or society in general

Answer 4

crime

Question 5

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

a group’s usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives

Answer 5

social order

Question 6

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Deviance undermines ________________

Answer 6

Predictability

Question 7

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

control exerted (actively or passively) by group action

Answer 7

social control

Question 8

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

a punishment or threat of a punishment to promote conformity to norms

Answer 8

negative sanctions

Question 9

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

a reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize.

Answer 9

positive sanctions

Question 10

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

inborn tendencies (for example, a tendency to commit deviant acts)

Answer 10

genetic predisposition

Question 11

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

crimes such as mugging, rape, and burglary

Answer 11

street crime

Question 12

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

A psychological condition that affects a person’s ability to interact normally with others

Answer 12

personality disorder

Question 13

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

We learn to deviate from or conform to society’s norms from the different groups we associate with.

Answer 13

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on Deviance

Question 14

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Our inner controls work against our outer controls to influence deviance.

Answer 14

conflict theory

Question 15

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

The ____________ our bonds with society are, the _____ effective our inner controls are.

Answer 15

stronger, more

Question 16

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Inner bonds are based on:

Answer 16

►attachment
►commitments
►involvements
►beliefs

Question 17

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

theory that society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant

Answer 17

labeling theory

Question 18

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Five techniques for neutrilization

Answer 18

1. denial of responsibility
2. denial of injury
3. denial of a victim
4. condemnation of the accusers
5. appeal to higher loyalties

Question 19

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Functional perspective of deviance

Answer 19

Deviance has functions in society.

Question 20

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

According to functionalists, deviance contributes to society by:

Answer 20

1. deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms
2. deviance encourages social unity
3. deviance promotes social change

Question 21

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

The legitimate objectives held out to the members of a society

Answer 21

cultural goals

Question 22

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

approved ways of reaching cultural goals

Answer 22

institutionalized means

Question 23

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

theory that deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means

Answer 23

strain theory

Question 24

Chapter 6 (reverse cards)

Ways people try to meet cultural goals

Answer 24

• conformity
• innovators
• ritualism
• retreatism
• rebellion

Question 25

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) acting according to certain accepted standards

Answer 25

conformity

Question 26

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) innovators

Answer 26

innovators

Question 27

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) given up on cultural goals but still cling to conventional rules of conduct

Answer 27

ritualism

Question 28

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) abandons both approved goals and the approved means to achieve them

Answer 28

abandons both approved goals and the approved means to achieve them

Question 29

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) rebellion

Answer 29

rebellion

Question 30

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) drug dealers, embezzlers, robbers and con artist

Answer 30

Examples of innovators

Question 31

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) burned out teachers

Answer 31

Examples of ritualism

Question 32

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) turn to alcohol and drugs. Also, nuns and monasteries

Answer 32

Examples of retreatism

Question 33

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) revolutionaries

Answer 33

Example of rebellionist

Question 34

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) The opportunity built into someone's social world to learn and participate in illegal activities.

Answer 34

illegitimate opportunity structure

Question 35

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations

Answer 35

white-collar crime

Question 36

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf

Answer 36

corporate crime

Question 37

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) The criminal justice system is an instrument of oppression for the poor. It is a way to keep the proleteriats under control. The power elite developed the legal system which is used to stabilize social order.

Answer 37

Conflict perspective on deviance

Question 38

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) system of state and federal courts, police, and prisons that enforces criminal law

Answer 38

criminal justice system

Question 39

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) the proportion of released convicts who are rearrested

Answer 39

recidivism rate

Question 40

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) capital punishment

Answer 40

capital punishment

Question 41

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) serial murder

Answer 41

serial murder

Question 42

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) Virginia & Texas

Answer 42

the killing of several victims in three or more separate events

Question 43

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) 1. geography (VA and TX highest death penalty killings) 2. social class (50% of all prisoners have never finished high school) 3. gender (although women commit 9.6% of murders, only 1.8% are executed) 4. race/ethnicity

Answer 43

Ways that capital punishment is biased

Question 44

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition

Answer 44

medicalization of deviance

Question 45

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) self-regulated

Answer 45

Internal control of deviance

Question 46

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) society's measures to control deviance

Answer 46

External control of deviance

Question 47

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) No

Answer 47

According to sociologists, is deviance difficult and subjective to define?

Question 48

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) 1. violate "significant" norms 2. result in a negative reaction from society

Answer 48

Deviance must:

Question 49

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) 1. Society can't be divided neatly into deviants and non-deviants 2. Deviance varies considerably according to time, culture and place 3. Deviance involves social power. It depends on who is doing the defining and who has the power to make the definition stick.

Answer 49

Ways that deviance is relative

Question 50

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) 1. Deviance can clarify and affirm cultural values and norms 2. Enhance unity and solidarity 3. Diversion of discontent="safety valve" for society 4. Identification of problems 5. Encourages social change

Answer 50

Functions of deviance

Question 51

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) a social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent

Answer 51

anomie

Question 52

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) a theory of deviance that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts

Answer 52

differential association

Question 53

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) 1. Behavior is learned 2. Learning takes place in intimate groups 3. Introduction to motives, attitudes and rationalization

Answer 53

Internalizing a different value system

Question 54

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) 1. frequency 2. duration 3. priority (what stage of life you become involved with deviant subculture) 4. intensity (how much status or prestige does the deviant subcluture have)

Answer 54

Identification to a different value system depends on:

Question 55

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) - the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others RESPOND to those actions - EX: homeless man - ppl have tendency to treat behavior that irrates/threatens them not as a difference but as deviance

Answer 55

Becker's labeling theory

Question 56

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) A subculture whose members hold values that differ substantially from those of the majority

Answer 56

deviant subculture

Question 57

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) deviant value system.

Answer 57

Deviant subculture depends on a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Question 58

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) Norm violations that a person commits for the first time and without considering them deviant

Answer 58

primary deviance

Question 59

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) the process that occurs when a person who has been labeled a deviant accepts that new identity and continues the deviant behavior

Answer 59

secondary deviance

Question 60

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) go back and evaluate previous behavior

Answer 60

retrospective interpretation

Question 61

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) 1. crime against women 2. crime against the elderly 3. hate crime 4. corporate and white-collar crime 5. organized crime 6. gun crime 7. drug crime 8. cybercrime 9. terrorism

Answer 61

Categories of crime

Question 62

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) "While people behave and think in ways that are very disturbing, and that may resemble a disease process (pain, deterioration, response to various interventions), this does not mean they actually have a disease. To Szasz, disease can only mean something people "have," while behavior is what people "do". Diseases are "malfunctions of the human body, of the heart, the liver, the kidney, the brain" while "no behavior or misbehavior is a disease or can be a disease. "

Answer 62

Dr Thomas Szasz

Question 63

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) showed the difficulty of classifying psychological problems because people pretended to be ill and admitted themselves and were falsely labeled

Answer 63

Rosenhahn study

Question 64

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) abstinence experiementation social/recreational habitual/ regular pattern misuse substance-related disorder

Answer 64

Types of drug use

Question 65

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) - There is no crime without law - There is no crime without a criminal act - There is no crime without intent - There is no crime without concurrence

Answer 65

Elements of crime

Question 66

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) There are state and federal laws defining substance abuse.

Answer 66

Social policy of substance abuse

Question 67

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) Conflict theory argues that the law and the coercive power of the state (which is generally believed to function in the service of the higher class) is commonly targeted and deployed against marginalized groups as a means of reinforcing the social structure

Answer 67

Conflict theory of substance abuse

Question 68

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) Social control that is carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers

Answer 68

formal social control

Question 69

# Chapter 6 (reverse cards) social control that is carried out casually by ordinary people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule

Answer 69

informal social control