Sociology Midterm Exam

Question 1

Sociology

Answer 1

The scientific study of social behavior and human groups

Question 2

social structures

Answer 2

systematic study of the way people are affected by family or laws (change slowly)

Question 3

social processes

Answer 3

systematic study of the way people are affected by online shopping or child discipline. (changes rapidly)

Question 4

Globalization

Answer 4

the most important instigator of social change and affects all aspects of the social world

Question 5

Globalization positive affects

Answer 5

greater access to goods, services, and information (music, food. etc.)

Question 6

Globalization negative affects

Answer 6

undesirable things (drugs, pandemic, war)

Question 7

Classical Sociological Theory

Answer 7

A set of related ideas that apply to certain issues and have been tested

Question 8

Karl Marx

Answer 8

Germany (1818-1883)

Question 9

Who is Karl Marx

Answer 9

Theorist who focused on the structure of capitalist society

Question 10

Concept from Marx

Answer 10

capitalism is a system based on exploitation

Question 11

False Consciousness

Answer 11

an erroneous set of beliefs

Question 12

Class consciousness

Answer 12

a set of beliefs about an individuals social positioning

Question 13

Max Weber

Answer 13

Germany 1864-1920

Question 14

Who is Max Weber

Answer 14

(Wrote the book) Theorist who was interested in rationalization and bureaucracy in society

Question 15

Emile Durkheim

Answer 15

France 1858-1917

Question 16

Who is Emile Durkheim

Answer 16

(Wrote suicide) Suicide was not the cause of the individual, but the cause of social facts

Question 17

Anomie

Answer 17

a state of normalness (Covid)

Question 18

Two types of solidarity

Answer 18

Mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity

Question 19

Structural-Functionalism

Answer 19

examines both social structures and their functions

Question 20

Manifest functions

Answer 20

positive consequences that are purposely brought about (marriage)

Question 21

Latent functions

Answer 21

unintended positive consequences (getting a new car for getting good grades)

Question 22

Dysfunctions

Answer 22

Negatively affect the ability of a given system to survive (divorce)

Question 23

Conflict Theory

Answer 23

focus on what is negative about society (coercion) (tension)

Question 24

Critical Theory

Answer 24

oriented towards critiquing the society

Question 25

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer 25

interaction through symbols

Question 26

Qualitive Research

Answer 26

A scientific method that does not require statistical methods for collection and reporting data

Question 27

Quantitative Research

Answer 27

Involves the analysis of numerical data typically obtained from surveys and experiments

Question 28

Inferential statistics

Answer 28

relies on data from small groups to speculate on the behavior of larger groups

Question 29

Observational Research

Answer 29

watching, listening to, and recording what takes place in the natural world

Question 30

Common observational methods

Answer 30

participant/non-participant ethnography

Question 31

Socialization

Answer 31

the process of learning and effectively integrating themselves into a group or society (starts in childhood)(involves interaction)

Question 32

Nature argument

Answer 32

being human is a natural instinct

Question 33

Nurture argument

Answer 33

humanness is based on the way we are socialized by others

Question 34

George Herbert Mead

Answer 34

America 1863-1931

Question 35

The "self"

Answer 35

the ability that develops over time to take oneself as an object through a process called taking the role of the other

Question 36

I

Answer 36

the part of the self that unconscious and creative

Question 37

Me

Answer 37

the organized set of others attitude assumed by the individual

Question 38

Initiation

Answer 38

cannot take the role of the other

Question 39

Play

Answer 39

one other in one situation

Question 40

Games

Answer 40

many others in one situation

Question 41

Generalized other

Answer 41

many others in many situations

Question 42

Erving Goffman

Answer 42

America 1922-1982

Question 43

Dramaturgy

Answer 43

social life is a series of dramatic experiences

Question 44

Impression Management

Answer 44

When people project a certain image while interacting with others

Question 45

Front stage

Answer 45

the social performance is designed to define the situation for those observing it

Question 46

Back stage

Answer 46

people express themselves in ways that are suppressed in the front

Question 47

Agents of socialization

Answer 47

family, teachers, peers, gender, mass media

Question 48

Organizations

Answer 48

collectives purposely constructed to achieve particular ends (colleges or corporations)

Question 49

Bureaucracies

Answer 49

highly rational and efficient organizations

Question 50

Rational-legal authority

Answer 50

grounded in rules that legitimate the office

Question 51

traditional authority

Answer 51

Long standing traditions, God given right to hold power

Question 52

Charismatic authority

Answer 52

devotion and faith of followers

Question 53

The Informal organization

Answer 53

how the organization actually works as opposed to how it ideally works

Question 54

Glass Ceiling

Answer 54

The invisible barrier by male management that prevents women from reaching top positions

Question 55

Mcdonaldization core principles

Answer 55

efficiency, predictablility, calculability, and control

Question 56

Deviance

Answer 56

anything that is considered a violation of social norms

Question 57

criminology

Answer 57

the study of all aspects of crime