Terminology for Exam 2

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

a change in gene frequency of a population over time

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

the mechanism for adaptive evolution

Question 3

Natural selection condition 1-Variation

Answer 3

different traits among individuals in a population

Question 4

Natural selection condition 2- Heritable

Answer 4

genetic traits that can be passed from parents to offspring

Question 5

Natural selection condition 3- Competition

Answer 5

the struggle for existence among individuals in a population

Question 6

Natural selection condition 4- differential reproductive success

Answer 6

individuals with favorable variations are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 7

Charles Robert Darwin birth and death

Answer 7

1809-1882

Question 8

Charles Robert Darwin book name and date

Answer 8

On the origin of species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life-1859

Question 9

Another name for reproductive success

Answer 9

fitness

Question 10

Adaptation

Answer 10

something about the behavior, morphology, or physiology of an organism that enables it to better able to survive and reproduce in its particular environment

Question 11

Sexual selection

Answer 11

component of natural selection that deals with variable success in obtaining mates

Question 12

Intrasexual selection

Answer 12

Typically male/male competition

Question 13

Intersexual selection

Answer 13

Typically female choice

Question 14

Who is the choosy sex?

Answer 14

Female

Question 15

Gamete

Answer 15

Sperm + eggs

Question 16

Internal Fertilization

Answer 16

When the embryo develops

Question 17

Altricial

Answer 17

young one being defenseless

Question 18

Precocial

Answer 18

Young one is independent

Question 19

Mate choice w no material benefits

Answer 19

large size, bright colors, longer legs

Question 20

Mate choice with material benefits

Answer 20

Territory, Paternal care

Question 21

Sexual Dismorphism

Answer 21

When the males are different from the females

Question 22

Secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 22

Hooks on pedipalps, long hairs on legs

Question 23

Monagamy

Answer 23

Extra Pair Copulation- one mate

Question 24

Polyandry

Answer 24

Sex Role Reversal- female has many mates

Question 25

Polygyny

Answer 25

Lek and Satellite Males- Many females and one mate

Question 26

Sexual Dimorphism in size and color

Answer 26

Males are smaller and more colorful

Question 27

Sperm web

Answer 27

A web males make to mate with female spiders

Question 28

Sperm Induction

Answer 28

Male inserts pedipalps into female and shoots sperm in

Question 29

Spermathecae

Answer 29

cul de sac & conduit

Question 30

Cul de sac

Answer 30

orthognatha, last male

Question 31

Conduit

Answer 31

labidognatha, first male

Question 32

Pheromones

Answer 32

how females stimulate mate courtship behavior and provide information

Question 33

Courtship in short sighted hunters

Answer 33

sit & wait predators who are active at night

Question 34

Nocturnal

Answer 34

active at night

Question 35

Diurnal

Answer 35

active in the day

Question 36

Bridal veil

Answer 36

when males spread silk on top of the females body

Question 37

Courtship in long sighted hunters

Answer 37

not preceded by touch with very good eyesight

Question 38

Courtship in web builders

Answer 38

Use vibrations because they cant see well

Question 39

Mating thread

Answer 39

silk males use to wrap the female before mating

Question 40

Dragline

Answer 40

what males use to escape female

Question 41

Significance of different mating positions

Answer 41

Different levels of comfort from the different spiders

Question 42

Sexual Cannibalism

Answer 42

Females eat males, Females get nutrients to give to the babies and male bodies are protein for them. Males let females eat them to escape predators

Question 43

Egg sac

Answer 43

Where the baby spiders are

Question 44

Sperm storage

Answer 44

Sperm is stored in the spermathecae

Question 45

Living things that kill spiders BIOTIC

Answer 45

predators, fungi, and parasites

Question 46

Non living things that kill spiders ABIOTIC

Answer 46

Climate, desiccation (drying out), thermoregulation (over heating)

Question 47

R strategists

Answer 47

short life span, insects

Question 48

K strategists

Answer 48

long life span, humans

Question 49

Ecdysis

Answer 49

Term for molting

Question 50

Instar

Answer 50

Stages between molts

Question 51

Eclosion

Answer 51

hatching of the egg

Question 52

Zygote

Answer 52

When the sperm and egg mix

Question 53

Embryo

Answer 53

where the baby grows

Question 54

Yolk

Answer 54

What spiderlings feed off of

Question 55

Tanning

Answer 55

Darkening of a new exoskeleton

Question 56

Ballooning

Answer 56

When spiderlings fly in the air

Question 57

Gossamer

Answer 57

The silk spiders use for ballooning

Question 58

Cannibalism

Answer 58

Sexual cannibalism or trapped in egg sacs

Question 59

Aeolian Plankton

Answer 59

when living things fly and are flowed by the air

Question 60

Temperature

Answer 60

Warm air

Question 61

Wind

Answer 61

slower than 7 miles

Question 62

Height

Answer 62

less than 200ft

Question 63

Exoskeleton

Answer 63

old skin that the spider sheds

Question 64

Term for a shed exoskeleton

Answer 64

exuvia

Question 65

Molting fluid

Answer 65

used to seperate old and new skeleton

Question 66

Ecdysone

Answer 66

A molting hormone

Question 67

Autotomy

Answer 67

self cut. removing own body parts legs, spinnerets, chelicerae, labium, maxilla, pedipalps

Question 68

Which sex lives longer

Answer 68

female

Question 69

Which type lives longer

Answer 69

orthognatha

Question 70

Causes of death

Answer 70

old age, mortality, desiccation, cannibalism, predators/fungi/parasites, climate, ballooning, molting

Question 71

What is a packet of sperm and protein called?

Answer 71

Spermathecae*-

Question 72

What is the term for a display area where males advertise for mates without giving any material gifts?

Answer 72

Lek

Question 73

What spider family has some species with males who produce glandular secretions for females to eat off the male's bizarre body projections during copulation?

Answer 73

Tetragnathidae

Question 74

Where do most spiderlings undergo their first molt?

Answer 74

In the egg sac

Question 75

What are the two biggest dangers to eggs while in the egg sac?

Answer 75

Thermoregulation & Desiccitation

Question 76

What family has a secondary sexual characteristic on its chelicerae?

Answer 76

Lyniphiidae

Question 77

What family allows the males to pick them up, carry them around, then copulate?

Answer 77

Araneidae