SocPop Flashcards
What can health beliefs be shaped by?
Place in society
Culture
Personal experiences
Social identity e.g. gender, sexuality, ethnicity, occupation
What are lay beliefs?
Assumptions that people hold to be true about their health.
Perspectives of ordinary people.
Different to views of doctors and professionals
Define culture
Values, norms, and traditions that affect how individuals of a particular group perceive, think, interact, behave, and make judgments about their world (Chamberlain 2005 p197).
Why are lay beliefs important?
Insights into needs of patient (information + support)
Knowing how they influence health seeking behaviour
What 3 things can make a patient seek medical help?
Perception of symptoms
Explanation of symptoms
Evaluation of symptoms (costs and benefits)
Name some social triggers to seeking medical help
Interference with social and personal relationships
Interference with vocational or physical activity
‘Sanctioning’ by others – influence of lay referral system
A ‘temporalising’ of symptomology
Interpersonal crisis
Give some examples of widely believed good health behaviours
Regular exercise
Healthy eating
Not smoking
Give some examples of health protective behaviours
Wearing a seatbelt
Health screening
Give some examples of health impairing habits
Smoking
High fat diet
Alcohol abuse
Define health behaviours
Behaviours that are related to the health status of the individual
DIAGRAM:
Draw out the ‘dual pathway model’ in which psychological processes may influence physical health
Psychological processes —> physical health
(direct path)
Psychological processes —> behaviour —> physical health
(indirect path)
What are the 4 determinants of health behaviour?
Background factors
Stable factors
Social factors
Situational factors
What are stable factors?
Individual differences, personality
How do stable factors influence appraisal of health? (3)
They determine if, and to what extent, an event is salient, i.e. sensitivity towards particular types of event
They provide a generalised framework for understanding and evaluating the event, e.g. as threat or challenge
They make available, or suggest, potential responses, i.e. initial response options
How do stable factors influence appraisal (of health)? (3)
They determine if, and to what extent, an event is salient, i.e. sensitivity towards particular types of event
They provide a generalised framework for understanding and evaluating the event, e.g. as threat or challenge
They make available, or suggest, potential responses, i.e. initial response options
What are the three broad types of individual differences?
Emotional dispositions
Generalised expectancies
Explanatory styles
What are the 5 personality traits of emotional disposition?
OCEAN: Openness to new experiences Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
What is the locus of control?
Expectations that future outcomes will be determined by factors that are either internal (self) or external (powerful others, and chance)
What is self-efficacy?
Belief in one’s own ability to organise and execute a course of action, and the expectation that the action will result in, or lead to, a desired outcome
Define optimism
Expectation of positive future outcome (however achieved) despite current negative event
What is an attributional style?
Causal explanations of negative events as internal (self), permanent (time), and global (situation)
DIAGRAM:
Draw out the health belief model
Slide 29 of health belief lecture (week 1 Monday)
What are the 5 stages of change?
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
(relapse)
DIAGRAM:
Draw out the theory of planned behaviour (TPB)
Slide 30 of health belief lecture (week 1 Monday)
