Sodium

Question 1

positively charged ion that binds at the active site of enzymes, playing a crucial role in substrate binding and transition state stabilization.

Answer 1

Monocovalent cation

Question 2

Sodium

• most abundant____ in the____

Answer 2

cation

ECF

Question 3

SODIUM

•____ of all ECF cations
• major determinant of______

Answer 3

90%

plasma osmolality

Question 4

plasma osmolality

Answer 4

295 millimoles per liter

Question 5

Sodium constitutes ______ of the plasma osmolality

Answer 5

270 millimoles per liter

Question 6

Percent of sodium in ECF

Answer 6

90%

Question 7

Which is greater in EXTRACELLULAR fluid?

Sodium or potassium?

Answer 7

Sodium

Question 8

Which is greater in INTRACELLULAR fluid?

Sodium or potassium?

Answer 8

Potassium

Question 9

POSSIBLE SPECIMENS for SODIUM

Answer 9

SERUM
PLASMA
URINE
WHOLE BLOOD
SWEAT
CSF

Question 10

What TUBE to use for PLASMA spx

Answer 10

lithium heparin
ammonium heparin
lithium oxalate

Question 11

SODIUM ION DETERMINATION

Answer 11

• Chemical methods
• FES
• AAS
• ISE (glass ion exchange membrane)

Question 12

Reference Ranges
• Serum:

Answer 12

136-145 mmol/L

Question 13

Urine RR

Answer 13

40 - 220 mmol/day (varies with diet)

Question 14

CSF rr

Answer 14

136 - 150 mmol/L

Question 15

Chemical Method

Answer 15

• Albanese Lein Method

• Magnesium-Uranyl Method

Question 16

• Principle:
• Sodium is made to react with zinc uranyl acetate to produce a sodium uranyl acetate precipitate

• Precipitate is mixed with water and a yellow solution is formed which is then measured spectrophotometrically

Answer 16

Albanese Lein Method

Question 17

Albanese Lein Method
• Principle:
• Sodium is made to react with_____ to produce a______

• Precipitate is mixed with water and a____(color) solution is formed which is then measured spectrophotometrically

Answer 17

zinc uranyl acetate; sodium uranyl acetate precipitate

yellow

Question 18

Chemical Method

• Principle:
• Sodium is precipitated with magnesium-uranyl acetate; the uranyl ions remaining in suspension from a yellow-brown complex with thioglycolic acid
• The difference between reagent blank and analysis is proportional to the sodium concentration
• Protein precipitant: Uranyl acetate and magnesium acetate

Answer 18

Magnesium-Uranyl Method

Question 19

Chemical Method
• Magnesium-Uranyl Method
• Principle:
• Sodium is precipitated with________; the uranyl ions remaining in suspension from a_____(color) complex with______

• The difference between reagent blank and analysis is proportional to the sodium concentration

• Protein precipitant: ______ and _____

Answer 19

magnesium-uranyl acetate; yellow-brown; thioglycolic acid

Uranyl acetate and magnesium acetate

Question 20

2 electrodes in ISE (glass ion exchange membrane)

Answer 20

Constant potential
Measuring electrode

Question 21

Internal reference electrode

Answer 21

Constant potential

Question 22

Schematic diagram of the ion-selective electrode system for the potentiometric slide on the Vitros. (Courtesy of OCD, a Johnson & Johnson company, Rochester, NY.)

Answer 22

1. Upper slide mount
2. Paper bridge
3. Ion-selective membrane
   • Metnyl monensin
4. Reference layer
   • NaCl
   • Buffer at pH 5.6
5. Silver, silver chloride layer
6. Support layer
7. Lower slide mount

Question 23

SOURCES OF ASSAY ERROR in SODIUM

Answer 23

• SLIGHT HEMOLYSIS VS. MARKED HEMOLYSIS
• HYPERPROTEINEMIA
• HYPERLIPIDEMIA
• DIRECT ISE VS. INDIRECT ISE

Question 24

Agappe RR

Serum Plasma :

Answer 24

128 - 160 mmol/L

Question 25

Linearity This reagent is linear upto

Answer 25

200 mmol/L

Question 26

Factor

Answer 26

150

Question 27

Hemolysis

Answer 27

Decrease

Question 28

Precipitating reagent

Answer 28

R1

Question 29

Coloring reagent

Answer 29

R2

Question 30

Mode of Reaction

Answer 30

End point

Question 31

Slope of Reaction

Answer 31

Slope of reaction

Question 32

Wavelength

Answer 32

546

Question 33

Temperature

Answer 33

30C

Question 34

Standard Concentration

Answer 34

150 mmol/L

Question 35

Linearity

Answer 35

200 mmol/L

Question 36

Blank

Answer 36

Reagent

Question 37

Incubation time

Answer 37

5 mins

Question 38

Sample vol

Answer 38

10 uL