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CC 2 LAB > Introduction To Hormones + GH > Flashcards

Introduction To Hormones + GH Flashcards

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1
Q

regulates vital body functions like temperature, thirst, hunger, and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

It plays a key role in maintaining homeostasis.

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

HYPOTHALAMUS
• The part of the brain that is located under the _____ and directly above the
_____

A

3rd ventricle

pituitary gland

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3
Q

PITUITARY GLAND
Located within the confines of
the_____

Connected to the median eminence of the hypothalamus by the_____

A

sella turcica

infundibular stalk

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4
Q

• True endocrine tissue
• Secretes classic hormones (OWN)

A

Anterior Pituitary

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5
Q

Anterior pituitary also known as

A

• Adenohypophysis

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6
Q

• Neural tissue

• Secretes neurohormones but does not synthesize it (HORMONES FROM HYPOTHALAMUS)

A

Posterior Pituitary

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7
Q

Posterior Pituitary also known as

A

Neurohypophysis

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8
Q

• Specialized neurons
• Releasing and inhibiting hormones
• Modify the action of the pituitary gland

A

NEUROSECRETORY CELLS

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9
Q

is a network of blood vessels that connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, allowing hormones from the hypothalamus to directly influence pituitary hormone secretion.

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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10
Q

secreted by hypothalamic neurons and transported to the anterior pituitary by the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

A

NEUROHORMONES

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11
Q

NEUROHORMONES

function as ______to either stimulate or inhibit release of anterior pituitary hormones

A

trophic hormones

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12
Q

THE NEUROHORMONES (6)

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GhRH)
Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH; Dopamine)

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13
Q

are hormones produced by the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.

Examples include thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

A

NEUROHORMONES/

hypophysiotropic hormones

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14
Q

Releases TSH and prolactin

A

TRH

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15
Q

Releases LH and FSH

A

GnRH

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16
Q

Releases ACTH

A

CRH

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17
Q

Releases GH

A

GROWTH HORMONE STIMULATING HORMONE

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18
Q

Releases GH

A

GROWTH HORMONE STIMULATING HORMONE

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19
Q

Inhibits GH and TSH release (additional effects on
gut and pancreatic function)

20
Q

Inhibits prolactin release

Study These Flashcards
A

Dopamine (prolactin inhibitory factor)

21
Q

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
5 hormone-synthesizing & -secreting cells

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A

• Somatotrophs - GH (Growth Hormone)
• Lactotrophs - PRL (Prolactin)
• Thyrotrophs - TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone)
• Gonadotrophs - FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
• Corticotrophs - POMC (Proopiomelanocortin), including ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), MSH (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone), β-lipotropin, β-endorphin

22
Q

Neurohormones

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A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone - TRH

Corticotropin-releasing hormone - CRH

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - GnRH

Growth hormone-releasing hormone - GHRH

Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) - SRIF

Prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine) PIF

23
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
TRH

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A

Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

24
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

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A

Stimulates secretion of ACTH

25
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH
26
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH
27
Growth hormone-releasing hormone
Stimulates secretion of growth hormone
28
Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)
Inhibits secretion of growth hormone
29
Somatotropin release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)
Inhibits secretion of growth hormone
30
Prolactin-inhibiting factor (dopamine)
Inhibits secretion of prolactin
31
is the precursor for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), B-lipotropin, and B-endorphin in the anterior pituitary.
Pro-opiomelanocortin
32
is the precursor for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), B-lipotropin, and B-endorphin in the anterior pituitary.
Pro-opiomelanocortin
33
LH Target Structure Feedback
Gonad (tropic) Dimeric glycoprotein Sex steroids (Ez/T)
34
FSH Target Structure Feedback
Inhibin
35
TSH Taget Structure Feedback
Thyroid (tropic) Dimeric glycoprotein Thyroid hormones (4/T3)
36
ACTH
Adrenal (tropic) Single peptide derived from POMC Cortisol
37
Growth hormone Caster
Multiple (direct effector) Single peptide IGF-I
38
Prolactin
Breast (direct effector) Single peptide Unknown
39
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES 2 hormones released by the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus: Paraventricular nuclei: Supraoptic nuclei:
Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
40
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone
41
Milk ejection; uterine contraction
Oxytocin
42
refers to a control system where a hormone’s production is regulated by its effects on the body, but the feedback does not directly influence the original signal, helping maintain balance in physiological processes.
open loop negative feedback
43
REGULATION OF HORMONE SECRETION NEGATIVE VS. POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM ________ is when ***an increase*** in a hormone’s level ***inhibits its further production*** to maintain balance, such as with thyroid hormone regulation. ________is when an ***increase*** in hormone levels ***stimulates more*** of its production, as seen in oxytocin release during childbirth.
negative feedback Positive feedback
44
ABNORMALITIES OF THE PITUITARY FUNCTION • ***clonal expansion*** of a distinct population of cells • can also result from an ***increase in trophic hormones*** from the hypothalamus or ectopic sites
Hormonal Excess
45
ABNORMALITIES OF THE PITUITARY FUNCTION • ***more varied cause*** • ***deficiency*** of one or more hormones, often with continued and progressive loss of other hormones over time
Hormonal Deficiency

CC 2 LAB (35 decks)

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