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Network + > Software Defined Networking > Flashcards

Software Defined Networking Flashcards

1
Q

SDN

A

Software Defined Networking

Allows us to architect networks that are directly programmable from a centralized controller

Works by abstracting the Control Plane into a software controller

Controller centralizes the control plane of multiple network devices

Allows us to pre=program network behavior

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2
Q

Control Plane

A

Learning/programming what we will do

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3
Q

Data Plane/Forwarding Plane

A

Routers and switches, actually moving packets and frames through the network

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4
Q

WAN Connections

A

MPLS, Metro-E, Leased Lines, VPN, ATM, Frame-Relay, SONET, DSL, PPP, Cable, Dialup, Satellite, Cellular WAN

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

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5
Q

Circuit Switching

A

Creates a dedicated circuit across the WAN
All data takes the same path and the circuit bandwidth is reserved

“static”

Dedicated Circuit and data can only travel one pathway

Older WAN technologies based on Circuit Switching:
PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network)
Dialup
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

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6
Q

Packet Switching

A

Transmits data in packets
The network paths are shared (NOT a dedicated circuit)

“dynamic”

Packetized data that can travel multiple different paths

All current WAN technology is based on Packet Switching:
IP (Internet Protocol)
Frame Relay
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching

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7
Q

Private WAN Connection Types

A

MPLS, Metro-E, Leased Lines, VPN

Older Technologies:
ATM, Frame-Relay, SONET, DSL, PPP, Cable, Dialup, Satellite, Cellular WAN

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8
Q

MPLS

A

Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Uses label-switching routers and label edge routers (does “tagging” and tags things w/ labels)

Supports multiple protocols like IP, Frame Relay and ATM

High speed WAN connectivity (10Mbps, 50 Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps +)

Trasnport works between layers 2 and 3 (layer “2.5” protocol)

One of the most prominent WAN technologies in the present day “For connecting facilities (sitsS) across the WAN”

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9
Q

Metro-E

A

Metro Ethernet (Metropolitan Area Ethernet)

Can be pure Ethernet, but usually uses other technologies on the provider netowrk such as MPLS
High speed WAN connectivity (Ethernet speeds)

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10
Q

Leased Lines

A

AKA Dedicated Lines

Private poin to point connection
Bsaed off of multiple DS0 (64Kbps) chunks

Technically a T1 line (24 DS0 lines) is enough room to handle 23 phone calls plus the D channel

Uses ESU/DSU to terminal the signal at the customer site

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11
Q

VPN

A

Virtual Private Network

Encrypted private tunnel between two locations

Establishes a private network over any other networks such as the public internet

Can use VPNs over the public internet to create private WAN connections

VPNS are created between routers or between firewalls

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12
Q

ATM

A

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Uses fixed length cells (packetized data) instead of Frames

Was highly used on Campus networks until Ethernet replaced it

Back bone for some provider DSL implementation

Uses virtual circuits and the data rates are measured as optical carrier rates

Still in use with SONET

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13
Q

Frame Relays

A

Routers from different branch locations connect into the Frame Relay network using Virtual circuits and supports standard T1 and T3 lines

Point to point or point to multi-point

Works at layer 2 of OSI model

MPLS/Metro-E slowly replacing it

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14
Q

SONET

A

Synchronous Optical Networking

Works at the physical layer of OSI

Can carry higher level protocols such as ATM and IP

Defines optical carrier (OCx) base data rate of 51.84Mbps (Oc-1)

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15
Q

DSL/ADSL

A

Digital Subscriber Line

Uses residential phone lines for internet access and POTS service can be provided on the same line

ADSL up to 8Mbps down stream / 1.544Mbps upstream

VDSL (rare) up to 52Mbps downstream / 12Mbps upstream

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16
Q

PPP/Multilink PPP

A

Point to point protocol

Used for connecting with various WAN services such as DSL and Dial Up

Username and password authentication (PAP, CPAP, MS-CPAP)

Multilink PPP for bounded connections such as with multiple T-1 leased lines

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17
Q

PPPoE

A

Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet

Often used with DSL Modems

Allows PPP authentication over Ethernet

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18
Q

Broadband Cable

A

Residential and commercial internet connectivity

Generally faster than DSL

Cable modems use F-type connectors

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19
Q

Dial Up

A

Uses residential phonelines with a modem for internet access and PPP for signing into the connection (with username and password)

Old, slow, not good even for a backup connection

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20
Q

Satellite

A

High latency

Used for backup internet connectivity/rual areas

Downloads up to 12Mbps and uploads up to 3Mbps
Uses RG-6 cable (coaxial cable)

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21
Q

Cellular WAN

A

Cellular technologies: GSM, CDMA, WiMAX

Very useful and great speeds

4G normally in the 10s of Mbps on the download peaking near 1000Mbps (depending on location)

Great for remote sites and backup connectivity

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22
Q

WAN Outage

A

Critical Outage

Is the problem on the provider side or the customer side?

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23
Q

MDF

A

Main Distribution Frame

Our main IT room, where the WAN circuit comes our network

Connection comes through MDF to connect into the customer’s equipment

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24
Q

IDF

A

Intermediate Distribution Frame

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25
Q

CSU/DSU

A

Channel Service Unit / Data Service unit

Converts digital data frame from LAN communication technology into a frame appropriate for a WAN and vice versa

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26
Q

Demarcation Point

A

The demarcation point is a boundary between the service provider’s and customer’s networks

This is where the PE (Provider Edge ~ Comcast) Equipment is held: the router, modem, csu/dsu

A WAN circuit is connected into a smart jack (NIU) or network interface unit or patch panel and they terminate the WAN circuit to that device

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27
Q

Circuit ID

A

Every circuit has an ID

Normally it’s written on something (a tag) at the Demarcation point, in the Demarc room, or near the smart jack

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28
Q

Circuit Label

A

long series of numbers and letters. A label or tag on the cable

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29
Q

PE

A

Provider Edge

Where the PE equipment is. If there is no equipment then the provider edge would be at the smart jack, NIU, or patch pannel

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30
Q

CE

A

Customer Edge

The customer equipment where it plus into the provider network

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31
Q

CE Router

A

Customer Edge Router

Which should be in the MDF. It connects into the provider equipment

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32
Q

CPE

A

Customer Premise Equipment

Same as CE Router,it’s the equipment on t he customer’s location that actually interfaces with the telecom provider and plugs into their network

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33
Q

Loopback

A

Basically takes the transmit and brings it back to the receiver, loops back on itself and should bring the circuit up on one side (generally)

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34
Q

WAN Probelms

A

Loss of Connectivity
Interface Errors
Router Configurations
Bad Smart Jack or NIU
Security Policies
Line drivers CSU/DSU and modems
DNS

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35
Q

Loss of Connectivity

A

First thing to do is check the equipment and call the provider to open a ticket. May need to troubleshot CPE with provider

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36
Q

Interface Errors

A

Physical problems on the line, interface synchronization or signaling problems

Could reside on the provider network, provider edge, customer edge or any of the devices/cables in between

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37
Q

Router Configurations

A

Interface configurations, speed and duplex, IP address configurations, routing protocols such as BGP, static routes, etc.

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38
Q

Bad Smart Jack or NIU

A

Networking Interface Unit

The provider can test to the smart jack and verify if the connection is good

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39
Q

Security Policies

A

Access lists or firewall rules blocking certain connections. Throttling traffic due to security policy

Could be a misconfiguration causing the wrong users to have access blocked or WAN bandwidth throttled down

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40
Q

Line Drivers, CSU/DSU, and Modems

A

Sometimes a WAN fault may reside at the line driving or modulating component

Older WAN circuits use CSU/DSU and modems to push the signal

If the devices are out of synch or not fully connected then the circuit will not function

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41
Q

DNS

A

Domain Naming Service

Loss of internet connectivity can be a problem with DNS such as incorrect IP address or the DNS server is down

Results in no web access even if the WAN/Internet connection is up and running

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42
Q

Smart Jack

A

Let s the provider company test circuits remotely without sending a tech onsite

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43
Q

Loopback Plug

A

Used to create a hard loopback on the circuit or device such as a router or CSU/DSU

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44
Q

WAN Circuits

A

Have circuit IDs used to identify the circuit when a problem is called into the provider

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45
Q

SOHO

A

Small Office / Home Office

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46
Q

802.11

A

Main Wireless LAN standard

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47
Q

Infrastructure Mode

A

Devices communicate through a wireless access point to access the main LAN. Traditional wifi

Require an AP (Access Point)

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48
Q

2.4GHz

A

802.11 B, 802.11 G, and 802.11 Are all 2.4Ghz standards

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49
Q

802.11A

A

5Ghz only, 54Mbps on our connection to the WAP

First standard
Original wireless standard extensions

Modulation: DSSS (direction Sequence Spread Spectrum) or OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

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50
Q

802.11 G

A

2.4Ghz, 54 Mbps when connected to WAP

Greatly accelerated Wifi adoption

Modulation: DSSS (direction Sequence Spread Spectrum) or OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

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51
Q

802.11 N

A

Supports both 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz, 600Mbps when connected to WAP

Brings MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output, with 4 partial streams and the fastest wireless LAN speeds

Modulation: OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

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52
Q

Wireless NIC / Wireless Clients

A

Laptops, tablets, cell phones, many more devices

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53
Q

Wireless AP

A

Wireless Access Point

Standalone AP
SOHO wireless router / combo device (provides wireless and ethernet connections)

Should be placed with overlapping coverage to allow clients to roam between them

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54
Q

Ad Hoc Mode

A

Devices connect directly via wifi without using a wireless access point

Can cause problems with printers, think WDS ports

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55
Q

SSID

A

Service Set Identifier

Wireless network name.

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56
Q

BSSID

A

(Basic SSID) single WAP, single SSID

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57
Q

ESSID

A

(Extended SSID) multiple WAPS in the same SSID. Clients can roam between WAPs

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58
Q

LWAPP

A

Light Weight Access Point Protocol

Allows for control of multiple WAPS via a centralized wireless controller server

APs pull their configurations from the centralized wireless controller

LDAP is the protocol responsible for our wireless controllers

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59
Q

CAPWAP

A

Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points

Based on LWAPP but with added security

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60
Q

Frequency Bands

A

2.4Ghz and 5Ghz

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61
Q

ISM Bands

A

Industrial, Scientific, Medical bands

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62
Q

802.11 AC

A

5Ghz

MIMO with 8 partial streams

With 8 antennas up to 6.77Gbps when connected to WAP

Modulation: OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

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63
Q

802.11 B

A

2.4Ghz, 11Mbps when connected to WAP

Original wifi standard extension

Modulation: DSSS (direction Sequence Spread Spectrum)

64
Q

5Ghz

A

802.11 A, 802.11 N, and 802.11 AC are all 5Ghz standards

65
Q

2.4Ghz Frequency Channels

A

Channels 1,6,11 for least interference or overlap as the channels 1-11 all overlap with the two channels on either side of them

66
Q

MIMO

A

Multiple Input, Multiple Output

allows us to use multiple antennas to get more bandwidth out of the wireless connection, up to 600Mbps

67
Q

Wired vs Wireless

A

Wired is always better than wireless as wireless has inherently high latency

Wireless is half duplex, meaning it can only communicate in one direction at a time

Important infrastructure devices should always be connected via wired

68
Q

Wireless Spectrum Analyzer

A

Broadcasting SSIDs
Frequency Bands
Channels used
Channel saturation
Dead spots
Interference
Software and hardware

69
Q

Wireless Survey Tool

A

Heat map
Planning
Verification
Reporting
Can include spectrum analysis tool

Used for whenever we’re planning out our wireless installation and then to verify it

70
Q

Wireless Surveys

A

Planning survey (before install)

Verification survey (after installation)

71
Q

Verification Surveys

A

After installation

Documentation / Report
Show proper wireless implementation
Show improvements to coverage, dead spots, channel utilization, etc.

72
Q

Planning Survey

A

Survey WiFi coverage / heat map
Identify broadcasting SSIDs
Locate existing AP positions
Identify channels used and overlap
Identify dead spots

73
Q

Overlapping Coverage

A

Overlapping coverage for location, but not for channels/frequencies

74
Q

Honeycomb Overlap

A

Think of 6 hexagons making a larger hexagon with equal coverage over each AP

For 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz

75
Q

Single Cell Separation

A

2.4Ghz channels must be separated by 1 cell

76
Q

Double Cell Separation

A

5Ghz channels must be separated by at least 2 cells

77
Q

Switch Density

A

WAPs need to be connected to a switch, so there needs to be enough switches in the area they’re deployed to accommodate the switch connections

78
Q

CSMA/CA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / with Collison Avoidance

Avoids collisions, but no detection. For Wireless Transmission

79
Q

CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access / with Collision Detection

For Wired Transmission

80
Q

Antennas

A

Omnidirectional
Directional
Unidirectional
High Gain

81
Q

Omnidirectional Antenna

A

Transmits in all directions / Radiates in all directions
Normal WAPS
Dipole Antenna

82
Q

Directional Antenna

A

Provides coverage in a specific angle, adjustable
Typically increase range by around 2-3 times
Focused area or medium range point to point

Patch Antenna

83
Q

Unidirectional Antenna

A

Focuses the power in a specific direction with a narrow path
Long range point to point

Yagi Antenna

84
Q

High Gain Antenna

A

Range boosting antenna, larger antennas
With directional option sometimes incorporates a disk

Could be any antenna just at a large scale

85
Q

Modulation Methods

A

FHSS (Frequency Hopping Speed Spectrum)
DSSS (direction Sequence Spread Spectrum)
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
QPSK/QAM (Quadrature Phase-shift Keying
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)

86
Q

FHSS

A

FHSS (Frequency Hopping Speed Spectrum)

Pre-a (base 802.11)

Not used anymore

87
Q

DSSS

A

DSSS (direction Sequence Spread Spectrum)

Modulation/Spectrum Frequency:

Humps on X-Y access, staying positive

88
Q

OFDM

A

Used for all modern devices for high speed

Modulation/Spectrum Frequency:

Ovals along X, Y axis and goes negative on each

Larger, longer, when closer to 0 on both axises

89
Q

QPSK/QAM

A

Quadrature Phase-shift Keying
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

90
Q

Attenuate

A

Whenever a signal goes through a wall it’s going to have way less power when it comes out the other side of the wall. Shortens the range of your AP

91
Q

Interference

A

RFI (Radio Frequency Interference)
Physical structure Interference

92
Q

RFI

A

Radio Frequency Interference

When similar frequencies or channels are used in close proximity

Sources: Microwave ovens, cordless phones, Bluetooth, neighboring wireless LANS, other radio frequency emitting devices

93
Q

Physical Structure Interference

A

Physical structures can attenuate and reflect the signal

Different building materials cause different levels of attenuation

94
Q

Encryption Standards

A

WEP (Wired Equivalent Policy)
WPA (Wifi Protected Access)
WPA2 (Wifi Protected Access v2)
WPA3 (Wifi Protected Access v3)

95
Q

WEP

A

(Wired Equivalent Policy)

Uses 4 different keys with Rc4 encryption
Inherent security flaws
Very easy to crack

96
Q

WPA

A

Wifi Protected Access

TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
PSK (Pre-shared key)

WPA Enterprise Autnetication
Can be cracked, easier if simple 8 character password used

97
Q

TKIP

A

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

98
Q

PSK

A

Pre-shared key

99
Q

WPA2

A

Wifi Protected Access v2

AES Encryption (Advanced Encryption Standard)
PSK (Pre-shared key)
WPA Enterprise Authentication

100
Q

WPA3

A

Wifi Protected Access v3

Strongest wireless encryption standard

101
Q

Basic WLAN Threats

A

War Driving and War Chalking
WEP/WPRA/WPS attacks
Rogue AP/Evil Twin

102
Q

War Driving and War Chalking

A

Driving around to identify wireless networks that can be accessed

Uses standardized symbols to convey the wifi details in public view

Open Node, Closed Node, WEP Node

103
Q

Open Node

A

ssid at the top
)(
bandwidth below

104
Q

Closed Node

A

ssid at top
O
bandwidth below

105
Q

WEP Node

A

sside on left, access contact on right
circle with a w inside
(w)
bandwidth below

106
Q

WEP/WPA/WPS attacks

A

Software utilities for cracking WEP crack, WPA PSK Crack, WPS (wireless Protected Setup)

107
Q

WPS

A

Wireless Protected Setup

PIN can be easily brute forced

No one should use WPS as it’s very insecure

108
Q

Rogue AP / Evil Twin

A

An device is made to mimc a corporate AP an d mimic coporate SSID

Users may connect to the bad SSID without knowing it and then the bad guy gets all that information. Can be a WAP or home wireless router

109
Q

Security Measures

A

Disable SSID Broadcast
MAC Address filtering
Client Isolation
Network Authentication

110
Q

Disable SSID Broadcast

A

Prevents SSID from showing, but doesn’t prevent the network from being found (nothing can prevent the network from being found)

111
Q

MAC Address Filtering

A

Create a list of permitted or denied MAC addresses

Only approved MAC addresses get access

Good when only specific devices need access

112
Q

Client Isolation

A

Public wireless SSIDs are normally a single broadcast domain

Any connected host can see and hear other connected hosts

Modern APs can create an isolated network that is only between the AP and the client itself which provides security for any connected HOST

113
Q

Network Authentication

A

By using external authentication servers we can require usernames and passwords to access the wireless network in addition tot he regular PSK

802.11x w/ EAP, Radius, LDAP, etc.)

114
Q

Unified Communications

A

Combination of VoIP, video, fax, chat/messaging etc. all into a single unified system

UC Devices
UC Servers
UC Gateway

115
Q

Signaling

A

SIP (session initiation protocol)
H.323
MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)

116
Q

Codecs

A

is how our voice is actually modulated onto the wire. Each different codec will require larger amounts of bandwidth

117
Q

SIP

A

session initiation protocol

Phone uses SIP to signal that it wants to make a phone call, sends to the call control server (VoIP) then the call control server will use signaling to initiate the phone call with the dissonant and after that the phones can actually talk to each other

TCP 5060 and 5061

118
Q

H. 323

A

Signaling is for setting up the call. We use signaling for setting up the call but also we have signaling between/into our voice gateways and from our voice gateway to the PSTN. Signaling is used all throughout and between every single UC device

TCP 1720

119
Q

MGCP

A

Media Gateway Control Protocol

Cisco Proprietary. We can use MGCP to set up a cisco voice gateway and we would use that MGCP protocol to communicate from the cisco voice gateway to the cisco call control server

UDP 2427 and 2727

120
Q

RTP

A

Real-Time Transport Protocol

Used to have the voice go from point A to point B; it’s what transports the audio or video

121
Q

QoS

A

Allows us to manage and control the bandwidth usage and traffic priority on a network

122
Q

QoS Tags

A

Markings applied to packets or Frames that allow network devices to classify traffic and apply QoS Standards

DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point)
COS (Class of Service)

123
Q

DSCP

A

Differentiated Services Code Point

Layer 3 QoS tagging, Defined in the IP Packet Header

Used with Routers only

124
Q

COS

A

Class of Service

Layer 2 Qos tagging. Defined in the Ethernet Frame Header

Used with Switches only

125
Q

Traffic Shaping

A

is a QoS term for controlling the bandwidth used by different applications and protocols.

Uses QoS technologies like DSCP and COS

126
Q

Virtualization

A

Use a single physical machine’s hardware to run multiple virtual machines within it

Uses the systems hardware

Better use of hardware resources
Power saving / reduced footprint
Recovery
Flexibility
Researching (sandbox)

127
Q

Type 1 Hypervisor

A

Bare Metal Virtualization software

Accessed directly

VM Ware vSphere /ESXI
Microsoft Hyper V
Citrix Xen Server

Installed directly on a bare metal server

128
Q

Type 2 Hypervisor

A

Hosted Virtualization software

Installed on a host OS, accessed through application

VMWare Workstation / Fusion
Oracle Virtual Box
Parralells (Mac os)

129
Q

Virtual Switch

A

Virtual Switch for networking with virtual machines

130
Q

Virtual NIC

A

Virtual NIC

131
Q

VDI

A

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure

Virtualization of desktops / operating systems that run in the data center

Endpoints such as thin clients access their vm via the network

Any computer can be used in the virtual desktop infrastructure

131
Q

Virtual Router

A

Virtual Router

131
Q

Virutal Firewall

A

Virtual Firewall

131
Q

Server Virtualization

A

Consolidation of servers into less hardware, creating virtual servers.

Physical to Virtual migration akak P to V

131
Q

Thin Client

A

End points that access their vm via the network

They have a base OS on them, users access the network with these to access the “actual” computer

131
Q

Public Cloud Computing

A

All about accessing services and resources from a remote data center and only paying for what you use

131
Q

Data Center & CLoud

A

Data centers benefit from virtualization because of the ability to run more services and software in a smaller footprint

132
Q

Benefits of Virtualization

A

Easier to manage
Cost SAvings
Run all servers in smaller fotprint
users less power
uses less hardware

133
Q

IAAS

A

Infrastructure as a service

Complete hosted infrastructure in the cloud which provides access to networking features, computing hardware for desktops and servers, storage space, and internet access all as a service (pay for what you use)

Amazon Web Services
Azure

SaaS can be built on PaaS and PaaS can be built on IaaS

134
Q

SaaS

A

Software as a Service
Hosted software solutions and services that are normally licensed on a subscription basis. Some is free, like Gmail

Paid: Microsoft O365
Drop Box

SaaS can be built on PaaS and PaaS can be built on IaaS

135
Q

PaaS

A

Platform as a Service

Everything needed for setting up a web application in the cloud is provided as a hosted service. This allows software companies and developers to build applications without having to worry about anything else.

Servers, storage, OS, and databases are maintained by the provider

Amazon AWS
Heroku

SaaS can be built on PaaS and PaaS can be built on IaaS

136
Q

Cloud Deplyment Models

A

Public Cloud,
Private Cloud,
Hybrid Cloud,
Community Cloud

137
Q

Public Cloud

A

Everything needed to run the network and application is fully deployed in the cloud

138
Q

Private Cloud

A

An “on premise” cloud, meaing the entire network, virtualization tech, servers and applications are deployed on premise, inside a company’s data center

139
Q

Hybrid Cloud

A

In order to be a true Hybrid Cloud the public and private clouds need to be connected to each other (through VPN)

With connectivity between the clouds, the resources can be shared between them

140
Q

Community Cloud

A

The entire infrastructure is shared between multiple organizations. It could be hosted publicly, privately, or as a Hybrid, and the costs are shared among the community.

The organizations that are part of the community usually have similar privacy, security, performance, and compliance requirements

141
Q

Storage Networking

A

Two types of network storage

NAS (Network Attached storage)
SAN (Storage Area Network)

142
Q

NAS

A

Network Attached Storage

Network storage hardware that attach directly to the LAN

As LAN speeds become faster and faster we are seeing more enterprise grade NAS devices that support and certified for virtualized environments

Cheaper solution for smaller networks and home storage

143
Q

SAN

A

Storage Area Networks

Networking of a SAN is separated from the LAN

Provides dedicated high speed networking between high end server architectures and an array of storage normally employing dedicated SAN switches

Often used for virtualized environments because they require good storage, speed, reliability and dr capabilities

144
Q

vSAN

A

Virtual Storage Area Network

Technology created by VMWare that pools storage components from across the network. No need for a storage network or external arrays which reduces SAN cost and administrative overhead

Can use things like NAS as part of its storage pool

145
Q

Storage Technologies

A

iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface)
Fiber Channel
FCoE (Fiber Channel over Ethernet)

146
Q

iSCSI

A

Internet Small Computer System Interface

Storage networking technology for SCSI based storage arrays. An iSCSI NIC maps a SCSI commander to TCP/IP so they work directly with TCP/IP based networks

147
Q

Fiber Channel

A

Storage networking technology that runs at data rates up to 128Gbps
Normally used with Fiber Channel switches to build Storage Area Network

148
Q

FCoE

A

Fiber Channel over Ethernet

A storage networking protocol that enables Fiber Channel traffic across Ethernet infrastructure

149
Q

Jumbo Frames

A

Any frame larger than 1500 Bytes

Increased throughput when configured correctly, however, if configured incorrectly there can be MTU mismatches across the network and can cause problems

Recommended to enable Jumbo Frames to increase network throughput when a 10GbE or greater connection is used to the storage device

To enable Jumbo Frames on an ethernet network the MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) needs to be adjusted to something greater than 1500 Bytes (usually 9000 Bytes)

150
Q

MTU

A

Maximum transmission unit

151
Q
A

Network + (19 decks)

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