SOL science prep 8th grade

Question 1

the total amount of matter in an object

Answer 1

mass

Question 2

can occur at surface of liquid without heating (eventually a cup of water will evaporate if left unattended

Answer 2

Evaporation

Question 3

change from solid to gas

Answer 3

Sublimation

Question 4

matter that is composed of one type of atom

Answer 4

element

Question 5

READ IT ALL
model which shows electrons traveling in specific energy levels around a nucleus, electrons closest to nucleus have low energy, electrons farther away have high energy

Answer 5

Electronic Cloud

Question 6

an atom of an element that has a different number of Neutrons

Answer 6

Isotopes

Question 7

uses the element symbol and dots to repersent outer energy level electrons

Answer 7

Electron Dot Diagram

Question 8

Where are metals on the periodic table?

Answer 8

left side

Question 9

malleable and ductile

Answer 9

metals

Question 10

what does malleable mean?

Answer 10

can be hammered into sheets (think: malleable=mallet)

Question 11

what does ductile mean?

Answer 11

drawn/made into wires

Question 12

do metals or metalloids or non-metals have few electrons on the outer level (valence electrons)

Answer 12

metals

Question 13

all but mercury are solid at room temperature

Answer 13

metals

Question 14

where are non-metals on the periodic table?

Answer 14

right side

Question 15

more than half are gasses at room temperature
not meteable
not ductile

Answer 15

non-metals

Question 16

where are metalloids on the periodic table?

Answer 16

found along or touching the staircase

Question 17

have properties of both metals and non-metals
have about a half complete set of valence electrons

Answer 17

metalloids

Question 18

as elements go from left to right they get less reactive
1-7 of them
go from left to right
follow a repeating pattern

Answer 18

rows (periods)

Question 19

similar chemical and physical properties
1-18
ones is same section have same number of valence electrons

Answer 19

columns (groups)

Question 20

what groups are highly reactive

Answer 20

1, 2, 17

Question 21

what group is Alkali Metals

Answer 21

1

Question 22

what group is Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 22

2

Question 23

what group is the Halogens

Answer 23

17

Question 24

what group is the Noble Gasses and are unreactive because outer energy level is full

Answer 24

18

Question 25

what groups are transition metals. often occur in nature uncombined

Answer 25

3-12

Question 26

substance made of the combined atoms of 2 or more elements

Answer 26

compound

Question 27

two or more atoms combine to form a new substance that has new properties (physical or chemical) than the original elements

Answer 27

Chemical Bonding

Question 28

tells what elements a compound contains and the number of atoms

Answer 28

Chemical Formula

Question 29

when 2 or more Ions conbine to form neutrally charged compound

Answer 29

Ionic Bonding

Question 30

the need to have a full outer ring or energy level

Answer 30

octet rule

Question 31

an atom that has gained or lost electrons to have a full outer ring (now will be happy

Answer 31

Ion

Question 32

charge an atom gets after gaining or losing electrons

Answer 32

Oxidation

Question 33

when 2 or more atoms share valence electrons electrons are shared occurs between 2 nonmetals nonmetals do not give up electrons

Answer 33

Covalent Bonding

Question 34

substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Answer 34

Acid

Question 35

what are the four properties of acids?

Answer 35

taste sour are electrolytes (can conduct electricity) corrosive indicators to produce a predictable color change (red)

Question 36

substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH) in solution also accepts H+ from acids

Answer 36

base

Question 37

what are the 5 properties of bases?

Answer 37

in undissolved states, many are crystalline solid (feels slippery) bitter taste strong bases are corrosive react with indicators (blue)

Question 38

compound formed when negative ions of an acid combine with positive ions from a base

Answer 38

salt

Question 39

0-2 ionizes almost completely in water

Answer 39

strong acid

Question 40

3-6 only partly ionized in solution

Answer 40

weak acid

Question 41

12-14 dissociates completely in solution

Answer 41

strong base

Question 42

8-11 does not completely dissociate

Answer 42

weak base

Question 43

measure of concentration of H+ ions in a solution or how acidic or basic it is typically ranges from 0-14

Answer 43

pH

Question 44

mixture in which 2 or more substances look the same

Answer 44

Homogenous

Question 45

energy an object has due to its motion or position

Answer 45

Mechanical energy

Question 46

energy from waves

Answer 46

Light/Radiant energy

Question 47

Answer 47

refraction

Question 48

Answer 48

diffraction

Question 49

Answer 49

reflection

Question 50

Answer 50

interference

Question 51

a repeating movement or disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space

Answer 51

wave

Question 52

matter through which a wave travels

Answer 52

medium

Question 53

waves that can only travel through medium

Answer 53

Mechanical Waves

Question 54

a measure of energy in a wave, the more energy a wave carries, the greater amplitude

Answer 54

amplitude

Question 55

the angle of incidence of a wave is always equal to the angle of reflection

Answer 55

law of reflection

Question 56

occurs when a wave strikes an object and bounces of it, all types of waves can be this

Answer 56

reflection

Question 57

bending of wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another

Answer 57

refraction

Question 58

an object causes a wave to change direction and bend toward it

Answer 58

diffraction

Question 59

when two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave

Answer 59

interference

Question 60

waves subtract

Answer 60

Destructive

Question 61

waves add

Answer 61

Constructive

Question 62

1?

Answer 62

rarefaction

Question 63

2?

Answer 63

compression

Question 64

3?

Answer 64

wavelength

Question 65

1?

Answer 65

Rest Position

Question 66

2?

Answer 66

Amplitude

Question 67

3?

Answer 67

Crest

Question 68

4?

Answer 68

Wavelength

Question 69

5?

Answer 69

trough

Question 70

made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through space

Answer 70

electromagnetic waves

Question 71

low frequency waves with wavelength of about 1-10 cm

Answer 71

Radio Waves

Question 72

have slightly higher frequency than radio waves

Answer 72

Infared waves

Question 73

range of electromagnetic waves you can detect with your eyes

Answer 73

Visible Light

Question 74

frequencies slightly higher than visible light

Answer 74

Untraviolet waves

Question 75

ultra, high frequencies that can travel through matter, domage cells

Answer 75

X rays & Gamma Rays

Question 76

transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter

Answer 76

Conduction

Question 76

transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place

Answer 76

Convection

Question 76

transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Answer 76

Radiation

Question 76

a potential difference between 2 places causing electrons to flow

Answer 76

voltage

Question 77

what is the unit of energy

Answer 77

Joules (J)

Question 77

the ability to cause change

Answer 77

energy

Question 77

a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow

Answer 77

Circuit

Question 77

what is newton's first law?

Answer 77

an object in motion stays in motion or an object at rest stays at rest until an unbalanced net force acts upon it

Question 78

tendecy of an object to resist any change in its motion more of this more mass

Answer 78

Inertia

Question 79

what is newton's second law of motion?

Answer 79

a net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force

Question 80

what is newtons third law of motion?

Answer 80

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Question 81

does acceleration change direction?

Answer 81

yes

Question 82

the ratio of the output force to the input force

Answer 82

Mechanical advantage

Question 83

measure of how much work put into a machine is changed into useful output work by the machine

Answer 83

efficiency

Question 84

fulcrum between the input force and output force

Answer 84

1st class lever

Question 85

output force is between fulcrum and input force

Answer 85

2nd class lever

Question 86

input force is between fulcrum and output force

Answer 86

3rd class lever

Question 87

pulley attached to something that doesn't move

Answer 87

fixed pulley

Question 88

pulley, one end of the rope is fixed and the wheel is free to move

Answer 88

moveable pulleys

Question 89

system of pulleys consisting of fixed and moveable pulley

Answer 89

block and tackle

Question 90

occurs when a force causes an object to more in the same direction as the force

Answer 90

work

Question 91

what are the two questions you ask to know if something is work

Answer 91

Does the object move? Is the direction of motion the same as the direction of force applied?