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Anatomy > Sole of the Foot > Flashcards

Sole of the Foot Flashcards

1
Q

4 layers in the sole of the foot

A

Layer 1: 2 Abductors, 1 Flexor
Layer 2: Lumbricles, Quadratus Plantae Tendons, FDL, FHL, TP
Layer 3: 2 Flexors, 1 Adductor
Layer 4: DABS, PADS

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2
Q

Number of muscles in the foot

A

18

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3
Q

Plantar Aponeurosis
What is it
3 purposes
_____ is directly under the skin

A

longitudinally (heel to toes) arranged bands of dense connective tissue with thick central portion and weaker medial/lateral bands

Purposes:
Holds parts of the foot together
Helps prevent injury to plantar aspect of foot
Helps support longitudinal arches of the foot

Aponeurosis (fascia)

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4
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Origin: Medial Tubercle of the calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: medial aspect base proximal phalanx digit 1
Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Function: Abducts digit 1 (from midline which is digit 2), helps with flexion of digit 1

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5
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin: Medial/Lateral tubercles of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Lateral aspect base proximal phalanx digit 5
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve S2, S3
Function: abduct digit 5, helps flex digit 5

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6
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

Origin: Medial Tubercle of Calcaneus, Flexor Retinaculum, Plantar Aponeurosis
Insertion: both sides middle phalanges lateral 4 digits
Innervation: median plantar nerve (S1, S2)
Function: Flexes digits 2-5

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7
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A

Origin: Medial/ Lateral aspect plantar surface of calcaneus
Insertion: tendons of FDL (Posterolateral aspect of the tendons)
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve S2, S3
Function: Flexes digits 2-5 with the FDL
Corrects pull of the FDL

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8
Q

Lumbricles (4)

A

Origin: tendons of the FDL
Insertion: medial aspect extensor expansions digits 2-5
Innervation: L1 medial plantar nerve, L2-L4 Lateral Plantar Nerve
Function: Flexion MTP; Extension IP joints
Lumbricle 1 is uni-pennate; 2-4 is bi-pennate

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9
Q

Tendons of these 3 muscles are in Layer 2

which nerve are these muscles innervated by

A

TP: 1st compartment of flexor retinaculum
FDL: 2nd compartment of flexor retinaculum
FHL: 4th compartment of the flexor retinaculum

All these muscles were innervated by the tibial nerve branch of the sciatic nerve

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10
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

Origin: base of 5th metatarsal
Insertion: base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve S2, S3
FunctionL flexes digit 5

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11
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

Origin: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
Insertion: both sides of bases proximal phalanx digit 1
Innervation: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Function: flexes proximal phalanx of digit 1

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12
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Origin: Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4; transverse head: ligaments of MTP
Insertion: tendons of both heads attach to the lateral side base of proximal phalanx digit 1
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve S2, S3
Function: adducts digit 1

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13
Q

Pain with active motion in one direction and passive motion in the opposite direction is a

A

contractile tissue problem (muscle, tendon)

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14
Q

Pain with active and passive motion in the same direction is a

A

noncontractile problem - everything but muscle

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15
Q

Flexor Hallucis Lognus Tendinitis

A

pain with passive extension but active flexion

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16
Q

DABS (all bi-pennate)

A

Origin: adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
Insertion:
DABS 1 - medial side proximal phalanx digit 2
DABS 2-4: lateral sides digits 2-4
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve S2,S3
Function: Abduct Digits, Flex MTP joints

17
Q

PADS (all uni-pennate)

A

Origin: medial sides metatarsals 3-5
Insertion: medial side bases of proximal phalanges 3-5
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve S2, S3
Function: Adducts digits, flexes MTP joints

18
Q

Digit One muscles that abduct/ adduct

A

abducts: abductor hallucis
adducts: adductor hallucis

19
Q

Digit Two muscles that abduct/ adduct

A

Abduct medially: Dabs 1

Abducts laterally: Dabs 2

20
Q

Digit Three muscles that abduct/ adduct

A

Abducts: Dabs 3
Adducts: Pads 1

21
Q

Digit Four muscles that abduct/ adduct

A

Abducts: Dabs 4
Adducts: Pads 2

22
Q

Digit Five muscles that abduct/ adduct

A

Abducts: ADM
Adducts: Pads 3

23
Q

Tibial Artery is in the ___ compartment of the flexor retinaculum

A

3rd

24
Q

Tibial Artery divides distal to the _____ into ____ and _____

A

medial malleolus
Medial plantar artery
Lateral plantar artery (this will join the deep plantar artery of the dorsal is pedis)

25
Q

Tibial nerve divides distal to the ____ into the ___ and ___

A

medial plantar nerve, lateral plantar nerve

Anatomy (14 decks)

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