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Anatomy > Thorax and Abdomen > Flashcards

Thorax and Abdomen Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Organs in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

A

Liver, Duodenum, pyloris, right kidney, hepatic flexure, portions of the ascending and part of the transverse colon

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2
Q

Organs in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

A

The tip of the medial liver lobe, spleen, stomach, left kidney, pancreas, splenic flexure, and parts of the transverse and descending colons

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3
Q

Organs in Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

A

Appendix, cecum, ascending colon, bladder, right ovary, uterus if enlarged, right spermatic cord, and right ureter

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4
Q

Organs in Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

A

Sigmoid colon, descending colon, bladder, left ovary, uterus, left spermatic cord, and left ureter.

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5
Q

Fascia in the abdominal wall is continuous with what fascia in the back

A

thoracolumbar

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6
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: ribs 5,6,7
Insertion: pubic tubercle
Innervated: Ventral Rami (T8 or T9 to T12)
Function: Trunk Flexion, compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

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7
Q

External Abdominal Oblique

A

Origin: lower 8 ribs
Insertion: ASIS and pubic tubercle via the ingunial ligament; interdigitate with the serratus anterior
Function: contralateral trunk rotation

External obliques run down and forward (hands in pockets)

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8
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Will connect to the back of the thoracolumbar fascia
Origin: Inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, lower 4 of 5 ribs
Function: Ipsilateral trunk rotation

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9
Q

What is the deepest muscle in the abdominals?

A

Transverse Abdominis

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10
Q

Transverse Abdominis

A

deepest layers of the thoracolumbar fascia and will come forward to pass deep to the rectus abdominis
Function: compresses and supports the abdominal viscera
Will fire first during trunk flexion and extension for stabilization

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11
Q

What is the abdominal vavity lined with

A

peritoneal lining

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12
Q

omenta

A

2 greater and lesser omenta associated with the stomach

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13
Q

mesocolon

A

associated with the large intestine

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14
Q

mesenteries

A

associated with the small intestine

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15
Q

ligaments are ___ duplications between two organs

A

peritoneal

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16
Q

When we swallow food travels through our ____ to our ____

A

esophagus, stomach

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17
Q

Before food enters the stomach it will pass through the ________ between the esophagus and the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

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18
Q

From the stomach food will pass through the ____ to the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

Duodenum

A

a double chamber of the small intestine

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20
Q

2 function of the duodenum

A

receives input from the pancreas and the liver

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21
Q

liver is primarily in the ___ quadrant but has its left lobe in the ____ quadrant

A

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant

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22
Q

Function of the liver

A

breakdown everything that comes into our system, produce bile

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23
Q

Gallbladder

A

on top of the liver, stores bile

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24
Q

4 Parts of the Duodenum (C-Shaped Organ)

A

superior, descending, transverse and ascending

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25
Duodenem connects to the pancrease in the ____ Quadrant via the _______
Left Upper Quadrant, Common Pancreatic Duct
26
2 types of calls of the pancreas
alpha and beta
27
alpha cells of the pancrease release
glucagon
28
beta cells of the pancrease release
insulin
29
Insulin ___ blood sugar, glucagon ____ blood sugar
decreases, increases
30
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
31
first part of the large intestine
cecum
32
function of the large intestine
water reabsorption
33
5 parts of the large intestine
``` ascending colon (cecum attached here) transverse colon descending colon (LLQ) S-shaped colon (sigmoid) Straight Part (rectum) ``` Appendix is in the RLQ
34
Spleen is above the ____ and the _____ organ of the ____ system in the _____ quadrant
duodenum, pancrease, circulatory system, LUQ
35
Funciton of the spleen
produces and destroys red blood cells
36
behind the spleen is the ______
Kidneys
37
function of kidneys
filter blood and pass urine out through the body - long term regulator for blood pressure control
38
Muscles and Nerves behind the ogans
psoas major, quadrator lumborum femoral and obturate nerves (L2-L4)
39
Everything in the trunk is ____ innervated
segmentally
40
External intercostals run ___ and ____
downward and forward
41
Internal intercostals run ____ and ____
downward and backward
42
Function of the intercostals
bring ribs closer together
43
Innermost intercostals run _____ and _____
straight up and down
44
Transversus Thoracics
Star shaped muscle Origin: body of the sternum Insertion: ribs 3,4,5,6 Innervated: Phrenic Nerve c3,c4,c5 (c3,c4,c5 keeps you alive) Function: pulls ribs down so we use it for forceful exhaling Diaphram true muscle of respiration separates thoracic from abdominal cavity
45
Ventilation
air is moving
46
respiration
exchange of gases at the capillary bed
47
2 layers of tissue between the lungs and chest wall
partial pleura - covers entire thoracic cavity visceral pleura- thin lining around lungs only these are epithelial tissue
48
4 areas of mediastinum
superior anterior middle posterior
49
superior mediastinum structures
thymus gland (immune system) superior vena cava brachiocephalic veins, brachiocephalic aa internal jugular veins, common carotid aa subclavian veins, subclavian arteries trachea, esophagus phrenic nerves, vagus nerves
50
Each brachiocephalic vein is formed from the ___ vein and _____ vein
internal jugular, subclavian
51
behind great veins are the _____
great arteries left common carotid, left subclavian brachiocephalic trunk is on the right right subclavian, right common carotid
52
Trachea begins at the ____
cricoid cartilage
53
Trachea runs down to the ____ where it will split to form the ____ and _____
carina, right and left main stem bronchus
54
right lung has ____ lobes and left lung has ____ lobes and another piece called the _____
3, 2, lingula
55
posterior mediastinum
2 vagus nerves 2 phrenic nerves espophagus trachea
56
anterior mediastinum
space between the front of the lungs and the sternum no big structures
57
middle mediastinum
pericardium and the heart | heart is enclosed by the pericardium
58
3 primary coronary arteries and what do they do
left anterior descending (LAD) right anterior descending (RAD_ Circumflex Supply the heart and myocardium with blood rich in oxygen
59
blood enters the heart 3 ways
superior vena cava -dumps blood from upper extremity and the head inferior vena cava- dumps blood from lower extremity, hepatic circulation cardiac circulation- blood flows through coronary sinus
60
blood enters the right atrium after going through the _____ valve
thesbian
61
how does blood travel from the right artium to the right ventricle
via the tricuspid valve
62
triscupid valve (atrioventricular valve)
right atrium to right ventricle has papillary and chordae tendinae muscle to prevent backflow
63
From the right ventricle blood passes through ____ and enters ____
pulmonic semilunar valve, pulmonary artery | only artery that will carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to becomes oxygenated
64
from the pulmonary artery to the lungs blood goes to the ____
pulmonary vein (only vein that carry oxygenated blood) 4 pulmonary veins
65
from the pulmonary vein blood enters the ____
left atrium
66
left atrium blood passes through the ______ to the left ventricle
biscuspid/mitral valve
67
from the left ventricle blood passes through ____ to enter circulation
aortic semilunar valve
68
In diastole the ____ are contracting and the AV valves are _____
atria, open
69
In systole the ______ are contractng and the AV valve are ________
ventricles, closed
70
SA Node - function location
controls the cardiac cycle (60-100bpm) - when the SA node depolarizes atria contract located in the right atrium
71
Once the atria contract the ____ depolarizes
AV node
72
AV node function location
depolarization contract ventricles located at the top of the interventricular septum
73
As the impulse travels down the walls of the ventricles the ______ will begin to depolarize to finsih depolarization of the heart
Purkinjie Fibers

Anatomy (14 decks)

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