Solids

Question 1

Characteristics of Solids

Answer 1

• Strong intermolecular forces of Attraction
• Little kinetic energy
• Incompressible
• Fixed/definite shaoe
• Little translational motion

Question 2

Types of Solids

Answer 2

Crystalline
Amorphous
Polymeric

Question 3

Arranged in repititious 3-dimensional lattice units

Answer 3

Crystalline Solids

Question 4

Crystalline solids

Answer 4

Definite melting points
With 7 common lattice units/unit cell
Anisotropic

Question 5

Cubic

Answer 5

NaCl

Question 6

Tetragonal

Answer 6

Urea

Question 7

Orthorhombic

Answer 7

Ritonavir (Form II)

Question 8

Rhombohedral

Answer 8

Iodine

Question 9

Hexagonal

Answer 9

Iodoform

Question 10

Monoclinic

Answer 10

Sucrose

Question 11

Triclinic

Answer 11

Boric Acid

Question 12

Amorphous Solid is also called as

Answer 12

“Glasses” or “Supercooled Liquids”

Question 13

Amorphous Solid

Answer 13

• Randomly arranged particles
• No ordered long-range structure
• Non-crystalline; no definite order
• Have no definite & sharp melting points
• isotropic

Question 14

Large molecules formed by the covalent assembly of smaller molecules into a chain or network of repeating structural unitd

Answer 14

Polymeric/Polymers

Question 15

The number of repeating units in the polymer determines its ________ and _______

Answer 15

The number of repeating units in the polymer determines its molecular weight and size of polymer

Question 16

Polymers are used as ________ in solid, semisolid, and liquid formulations

Answer 16

Polymers are used as excipients in solid, semisolid, and liquid formulations

Question 17

Types of Polymers

Answer 17

Natural Polymers
Synthetic and Semisynthetic

Question 18

Natural polymers

Answer 18

Rubber (Polyisoprene)
Polypeptides
Cellulose (Polysaccharide)

Question 19

Synthetic & Semisynthetic Polymers

Answer 19

PVP
Polyethylene
Polystyrene

Question 20

LMW PEG

Answer 20

Co-solvent for solution formulations

Question 21

HMW PEG

Answer 21

Ointment and Suppository Base

Question 22

Ability to exist in more than one crystalline form

Answer 22

Polymorphism

Question 23

Polymorphism is due to changes in

Answer 23

Intermolecular bonding patterns
Molecular orientation difference

Question 24

Polymorphs have different properties

Answer 24

Melting point
Solubilities
Stability
X-ray diffractions

Question 25

Cocoa butter polymorphic form

Answer 25

Unstable gamma: 18°C Alpha: 22°C Beta prime: 28°C Beta stable: 34.8°C

Question 26

Polymorphic forms of Tamoxifen citrate

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Polymorphic forms of Famotidine

Answer 27

3

Question 28

Polymorphic forms of Phenytoin

Answer 28

2

Question 29

Polymorphic forms of Indomethacin

Answer 29

3

Question 30

Reversible change from one polymorphic form to another

Answer 30

Enantiotropic Polymorphism

Question 31

Polymorphism that has irreversible change and one polymorph is thermodynamically stable

Answer 31

Monotropic Polymorphism