sound/ hearing

Question 1

acoustic energy

Answer 1

bounces off surfaces/ can be absorbed

Question 2

vibrations

Answer 2

cause molecules to condense/rarefy (pull apart), travel away from an object
stimulates hair receptors in inner ear

Question 3

3 stimulus

Answer 3

pitch
loudness
timbre

Question 4

pitch

Answer 4

FREQUENCY of air molecules condensing and compressing

measured in Hertz (Hz)

must be at least 30-20,000/second to hear

Question 5

loudness

Answer 5

INTENSITY of a sound

Question 6

timbre

Answer 6

“color of music”
COMPLEXITY of a sound
(same pitch & loudness, but can tell the difference because of the timbre. Ex: piano and sax playing at same time)

Question 7

3 parts of ear

Answer 7

outter
middle
inner

Question 8

outter ear

Answer 8

• sound collected by pinna in canal

- tympanic membrane aka ear drum

Question 9

middle ear

Answer 9

Vibrations of eardrum pass to oval window by ossicles

Ossicles amplify sound (encounters fluid in inner ear)

Eustachian tube connects inner ear to throat (equalizes air pressure)

Question 10

3 ossicles

Answer 10

Malleus

incus

stapes - taps out vibration of oval window on cochlea

Question 11

ossicles function

Answer 11

amplify sound

Question 12

eustachian tube

Answer 12

connects inner ear to throat (equalizes air pressure)

Question 13

Cochlea –

inner ear

Answer 13

fluid filled cavity responds to vibrations of oval window

Question 14

Three chambers of inner ear

Answer 14

vestibular canal, cochlear duct, and tympanic canal

Question 15

basilar membrane

INNER EAR

Answer 15

separates tympanic canal and cochlear duct

Question 16

hair cells

Answer 16

auditory receptors- respond to acoustic taps on oval window.
waves basil membrane to flex at a particular location coresponding to frequency activating.
one region then slams into techtoral membrane
leads to a firing of action potential

Question 17

transduction

Answer 17

Fluctuations in fluid pressure (produced by movement of stapes) create a traveling wave along the basilar membrane

Question 18

auditory pathways

Answer 18

Axons of nerve cells in inner ear are the fibers of the auditory nerve
To cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex in the medulla
To Medial Geniculate nucleus in thalamus
To primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe

Question 19

vestibular system- 2 parts

Answer 19

vestibular sacs

semicircular canals

Question 20

Vestibular sacs

Answer 20

respond to force of gravity and head’s orientation (tilt or the head)

Question 21

Semicircular canals

Answer 21

respond to angular acceleration (rotation of head)

Question 21

Inner ear

Answer 21

Cochlea- 3 main chambers. Responds to vibrations of osacles. (Organized to topic- high to low frequency)
Stapes taps out on oval window which causes traveling wave of basilar membrane, causing it to flex/ impart part of cochlea at specific frequency. Wave impacts tympanic membrane. Peak of wave corresponds to frequency. Where peak of wave is is where activation of most hair cells. Activation sends axons out of inner ear forming auditory nerve.