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D3 - Core Facts > South Africa > Flashcards

South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

Question

A

Answer

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2
Q

What is Breede River Valley and what is it known for?

A

A region in Western Cape, South Africa
Known for wines produced at high yield and grapes for distilling

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3
Q

What is Cape South Coast?

A

A region in Western Cape, South Africa

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4
Q

What is Coastal Region?

A

A region in Western Cape, South Africa
45% of SA’s ha under vine; 25% of production

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5
Q

What is Klein Karoo?

A

A region in Western Cape, South Africa

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6
Q

What is Olifants River?

A

A region in Western Cape, South Africa

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7
Q

In which region are all of South Africa’s geographical units located?

A

Western Cape

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8
Q

What are the five regions in South Africa’s Western Cape?

A

Coastal Region, Breede River Valley, Cape South Coast, Olifant’s River, and Klein Karoo, far out east.

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9
Q

What is the Western Cape’s climate?

A

Warm Mediterranean

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10
Q

What is the Cape Doctor?

A

A strong southeasterly wind that hits the Western Cape in spring and summer. Inhibits fungal disease and moderates temperature. Also batters vines

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11
Q

What are the 8 districts in the Coastal Region of South Africa?

A

Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Paarl, Darling, Franschhoek Valley, Swartland, Tulbagh, Wellington

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12
Q

What is Stellenbosch? Its grapes + important ward?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA) focused on Cab Sauv, Merlot, Pinotage, & Shiraz AND Sauv Blanc, Chenin Blanc & Chardonnay.

Important ward is Simonsberg-Stellenbosch - high diurnal range.

Growing environment:
- Adequate rain (600-900mm)
- varied soil types
- warm enough to ripen Cab Sauv, Merlot & Pinotage, but with cooling influences:
- mountain slopes,
- breezes off False Bay

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13
Q

What is Cape Town and its important wards?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA); important wards are
1. Constantia (Vin de Constance + SB, Chard, Cab Sauv, Shiraz) &
2. Durbanville (SB);

Tourism is important.

Formerly called the Cape Pennisula.

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14
Q

What is Paarl, its grapes & an important wards? And growing climate?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA) forcused on
Chenin Blanc, Cab Sauv, Shiraz & Pinotage;
also Mediterranean Viognier & Mourvedre;

Important ward is Simonsberg-Paarl – Chardonnay and Shiraz

Warmer than Stellenbosch but has many mesoclimates & soils, so many varieties succeed.

Adequate rain - 800-900mm
Berg River for irrigation.

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15
Q

What is Tulbagh & its grapes?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA);

Known for Chenin Blanc, Shiraz, & Colombard; some Pinotage for blends;

Inexpensive wines

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16
Q

What is Darling and its grapes? And growing climate?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA);

Known for Sauvignon Blanc, FRESH Cab Sauv, Merlot, Shiraz

Contains a range of hills that run parallel to cold West Coast 10km away.

  • Slopes have many aspects;
  • Vines benefit from Atlantic Ocean breezes;
  • Granite soils have high water-holding capacity so dry farming & bush vines are common
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17
Q

What is Franschhoek Valley & its grapes? And growing climate?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA);

known for Sauv Blanc, Cab Sauv, Shiraz, some old vine Semillon AND Cap Classique sparkling wines

Wrapped on three sides by mountains –> varied topography, giving shelter & warmth
- grapes increasing planted at altitude for cooling - 600m
- plenty of rain (800mm) but fast-draining soils mean irrigation needed

Fruit has FRESHER quality –> used in blends for this aspect

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18
Q

What is Wellington (SA) and its grapes & your favorite SA winery?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA);

known for Shiraz and powerful red blends

Bosman Family Vineyards

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19
Q

What is Swartland? And three uses for its grapes?

A

A district in Coastal Region (SA);

  1. Fruit for Western Cape blends;
  2. OLDER: co-ops, inexpensive to mid-priced wines;
  3. NEW: low-yield, dry farming, organic/bio, ambient yeasts, old oak maturation.
    Premium to super-premium priced
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20
Q

What is Constantia? Grapes? Growing climate?

A

A ward in Cape Town district in Coastal Region

Known for Vin de Constance, a dessert wine made from Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

Also grows Sauv Blanc, Chardonnay, Cab Sauv, Shiraz
–> Notable absence of Pinot Noir (why is that notable? IDK.)

Low vigor granite soils - good drainage
Rain at 1000mm per year

Small number of producers, all focused on quality;

TOURISM

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21
Q

What grape is Klein Constantia best known for?

A

Muscat de Frontignan
(Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains)

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22
Q

What are the two most planted varietals in Stellenbosch?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc

23
Q

What are the key grapes of Paarl?

A

Chenin Blanc,
Cab Sauv,
Shiraz,
Pinotage

Viognier & Mourvedre also grown

24
Q

What are the districts to know in Breede River Valley Region?

A

Breedekloof, Worcester, Robertson

25
Q

What is Robertson? Grapes? Growing environment? Significant producers?

A

A district in Breede River Valley region of South Africa

Chardonnay, Columbard, Chenin Blanc & Sauv Blanc
Recently: Shiraz and Cab Sauv

Growing environment
- Limestone - unusual in SA – hence Chardonnary & sparkling
- Warm, very low rainfall, irrigation necessary
- SE winds bring moist air from Indian Ocean - cooling influence
- fertile valley floor grows high yields for distilling

Co-op Robertson Winery & Graham Beck

26
Q

What is Worcester? Growing environment? Grapes?

A

A district in Breede River Valley region of South Africa

Very low rainfall - rain shadow of mountains (400mm)
Relies heavily on irrigation.

Mostly grapes for distilling - very fertile loamy soil.

Some Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Viognier & Shiraz

27
Q

What is Breedekloof?

A

A district in Breede River Valley region of South Africa

Warm continental climate – adequate rainfall, unique to Breede River Valley.

Chenin, Columbad, Chardonnay
Pinotage, Shiraz & Cab Sauv

varied soil types - climate allows longer hang-time and later harvest

28
Q

What grape are grown in Worcester?

A

Mostly for distilling: Chenin Blanc & Colombard

29
Q

What are the districts to know in Cape South Coast region in South Africa?

A

Walker Bay & Elgin

30
Q

What is Elgin?

A

A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape

31
Q

What are key grapes from Elgin?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Shiraz

32
Q

What is Walker Bay?

A

A district in Cape South Coast region in Western Cape

33
Q

When was South Africa’s Wine of Origin system introduced?

A

1973

34
Q

What is the labelling requirement for varietal wines in South Africa?

A

> 85% of stated grapeAll grapes with >20% must be listed

35
Q

What is the labelling requirement for vintage wines in South Africa?

A

> 85% from listed vintage

36
Q

What are the labelling requirements for area-labelled wines in South Africa?

A

100% of grapes from listed area

37
Q

What are South Africa’s types of production area (from largest to smallest)?

A

Geographical unitRegionDistrictWard

38
Q

What does Single Vineyard Wine mean in South Africa?

A

Grapes came from one vineyard that is registered; must be less than 6 hectares

39
Q

What does Estate mean in South Africa?

A

Grapes are grown, wine is made & bottled on a single property

40
Q

What is IPW in South Africa?

A

Integrated Production of Wine Scheme

41
Q

When was the IPW established?

A

1998

42
Q

What is the IPW in South Africa?

A

IPW - Integrated Production of Wine

Voluntary means of certification for producers to comply with sustainable environmental standards, health & safety & biodiversity.

95% of SA growers & cellars adhere.

43
Q

What is the Benguela Current?

A

Current from Antarctica that cools coastal South African areas

44
Q

What is the most planted white grape in South Africa?

A

Chenin Blanc - 20%; about 2x the amount of the Loire

45
Q

What is Pinotage?

A

South African grape crossing of Cinsault and Pinot Noir

46
Q

What is Cap Classique?

A

Traditional method South African sparkling wine.
Charmat method.
Traditionally made with Chenin Blanc and Sauvignon Blanc.
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay increasing in popularity

47
Q

What are the two main ocean currents that impact climate in South Africa?

A

Benguela & Agulhas

48
Q

What is the rain situation in South Africa?

A

Generally enough to grow grapes (> 700mm); mostly falls in growing season; some regions don’t have enough and irrigation is essential.

49
Q

What are the three main types of soil in South Africa?

A
  1. Table Mountain Sandstone - low nutrient, low water retention, needs irrigation & fertilization.
  2. Soil from granite - foothill slopes & hills; good water retention, potential for dry farming.
  3. Soil from SHALE - good nutrients & water retention; potential for dry farming.

Most soils are acidic nd need adjustments with lime to get pH right.

50
Q

What are the Big Six (actually 8) grapes grown in South Africa?

A

In order of plantings:
Chenin Blanc
Colombard
Cabernet Sauvignon
Shiraz
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinotage
Chardonnay
Merlot (that’s 8)

51
Q

What are three blends created in South Africa?

A
  • White Cape blends - Chenin-dominated with white Rhone, Chardonnay, Semillon & Sauv Blanc
  • Red Bordeaux blends (and white as well)
  • Red Cape blends - significant % of Pinotage and/or Black Rhone varieties
52
Q

What Northern Hemisphere wine growing region does South Africa nearly align with?

A

California - 32* to 34*.

53
Q

Describe two styles of premium South African Pinotage wines.

A

Traditional, fuller - post-fermentation maceration on skins, more oak AND lighter style - gorwn on cooler sites, no post-ferment maceration

54
Q

How do inexpensive and premium Chenin Blanc winemaking differ in South Africa?

A

Primary differences are in yields, spraying for botrytis, sorting (Chenin Blanc ripens unevenly), blending with Colombard, vessel for fermentation, acidification, yeasts, maturation (length, vessel, lees?, batonnage), sugar adjustment, fining & filtering, packaging (ship in bulk or bottle at estate?)

D3 - Core Facts (8 decks)

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