Spain Flashcards
(140 cards)
1
Q
Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO
5 Regions previously approved for production but not aging - now amended with the 2022 regulation changes?
A
Rota, Chipiona, Trebujena, Lebrija and Chiclana de la Frontera
2
Q
What are 2 recently introduced aging statements for Sherry production?
length?
A
2022 Amendments,
Manzanilla Pasada & Fino Antiguo/Viejo (Ancient/Old)
min. of 7 years of ageing
While both names are not entirely new, they are now regulated
3
Q
Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO
2022 Amendments - 6 new permitted varieties?
A
Mantúo Castellano, Mantúo de Pilas, Vejeriego, Perruno, Cañocazo and Beba.
4
Q
Rias Baixas DO
5 Sub Zones
North to South?
Terroir?
Sub Zone designation req?
A
Ribeira do Ulla
Youngest subzone. Smaller production.
Soils here are mainly alluvial.
min. 70% recommended white grapes
Val do Salnés
Most historic Largest, coldest, wettest. Alluvial over decomposed granite (xabre).
min. 70% recommended white grapes
Soutomaior
Smallest @ 11ha. Noelia Bebelia is a producer. Alluvial over decomposed granite (xabre). Not permitted for subzone labelling.
Both Border Portugal along Miño River
Condado do Tea
Warmest and driest subzone. #1 for red production. Granite and slate appear on the surface with lighter granite subsoil.
min. 70% combined Albariño and Treixadura
O Rosal
Broader, richer style of Albariño – sometimes with lesser acidity. Alluvial over decomposed granite (xabre).
min. 70% combined Albariño and Loureira
5
Q
Rias Baixas DO
Reccomended varieties?
Blanco?
Tinto?
A
Rec: Albarino, Caino Blanco, Treixadura and Loureira (locally known as Marques).
varietial labelled Albarino must be 100%
Rec: Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro, Loureira Tinta, Sousón
Interestingly in the 1970’s 70% of production was red.
6
Q
Rias Baixas DO
2 Notable ‘authorized’ varieties for
Blanco
Tinto
A
As opposed to reccomended.
Authorized: Torrentes and Godello.
Authorized: Mencía, Brancellao
7
Q
Where does the Fiesta del Albariño take place?
A
The coastal town of Cambados in Val do Salnés is the historical wine centre of the region and where the festivial takes place here celebrated during the week leading to the first Sunday of August.
8
Q
Name a Tinto Rias Baixas?
Producer?
Cuvee?
Castas?
A
Bodega Forjas del Salnés
Cambados, Pontevedra, Val do Salnés. 2005 by Rodrigo Méndez with the help of Raúl Pérez. Leirana single vineyard. Classic salty expression.
‘Goliardo’ Tintos de Mar (Sea reds): Equal’ish amounts of Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro and Loureira Tinta from the Salnés Valley with Sousón from the warmer Condado de Tea sub-region. 150 to 200 years old vines?
9
Q
Albariño
Viticulutral characteristics?
Traditional trellising method?
min/max planting density?
A
Moderately vigorous, robust and fertile. Mid budding, early to mid-ripening, small bunches of medium sized, relatively thick skin berries.
Quite resistant to botrytis, however susceptible to downy and powder mildew and especially to mites
stone granite & wire (parra) ‘parral’/pergolas 7ft high to counter the rainfall and humidity. There are modern double generva curtain etc.
Vines are traditionally widely spaced min/max density: 600/4,500 vines per hectare.
10
Q
Rias Baixas DO
1 aging requiremnt and labelling term?
A
Blanco Barrica: min. 3 months in wood (max. 600 litre capacity)
11
Q
Name the 5 DO of Galacia?
Which permit Espumoso style wines?
2 producers?
A
Rías Baixas DO - Authorized grapes (W&R) traditional method. Mar de Frades was first in 2012.
Ribeiro DO - Traditional Method Blanco and Rosado.
Brut (max. of 12 g/l)
Brut Nature (max. of 3 g/l)
Ribeira Sacra DO - no.
Valdeorras DO - Espumoso: Min. 85% Godello. Brinde - first.
Monterrei DO - no.
No other lees/bottle aging req. Dosage labelling terms neither? default to EU?
12
Q
Name & location of Vega Sicilia’s Galician estate?
2 wines?
A
Tempos Vega Sicilia
- Vega Sicilia (Alvarez). 24ha in Condado de Tea, Crecente. Set to release 2025.
- Deiva: Aged for 2 years.
- Arnela: Aged for 3.
13
Q
Name & Location of La Rioja Alta’s Galician estate?
A
Lagar de Cervera
O Rosal vineyard.
14
Q
Rias Baixas DO
Name a pioneering estate and location?
A
Bodega Zarate
Pontevedra, Val do Salnés. Est. 1920 by Ernesto Zarate.
Low intervention. Since 1994 the estate uses no chemical fertilizers or herbicides and utilizes natural “teas” to ward off disease - no certification.
Also bottles 100% Caiño Tinto.
15
Q
Ribeiro DO
Reccomended Grapes of note:
Blanco (6)?
Tinto (7)?
A
Ribeiro DO 2,350ha
pred. white production.
Blanco:
Treixadura (#1), Torrontés (#2 no ARG relation), Godello (#3), Loureira, Albariño, Caiño Blanco
Tinto:
Caíño Rinto, Caíño Bravo, Caíño Longo, Ferrón, Sousón, Brancellao, Mencía
Espumuso: Blanco & rosado only from rec.
Still: Blanco & Tinto can be beldna nd sigular varietial
16
Q
Ribeiro DO
Still wine labelling term?
A
Wines labelled “Barrica”
Blanco & Tinto
Higher min abv (12%)
Must spend at least a portion of their maturation in casks no larger than 600 Liters
17
Q
Ribeiro DO
Vin Tostado style & requirements?
A
Some similarities with Vin Santo.
Blanco & Tinto (only rec. varieties: Treixadura (#1), Torrontés (#2), Godello (#3), Mencia (#1)
dried for a minimum of 3 months,
Min. must weight of 350 g/l.
min. 20.6% abv potential, 13% acquired.
6 months aging in oak or cherry wood & 3 months in bottle.
Min. 120 g/L RS.
18
Q
Ribeira Sacra DO
2 major rivers?
Terroir?
5 subzones?
A
Forms a crescent shape through the confluence/nexus of Galicia’s two major rivers, the Sil and the Miño.
Continental. Granite, Slate and Schist. Steep terraced slopes.
Chantada
Ribeiras do Miño
Amandi #1
Ribeiras do Sil
Quiroga-Bibei (Bibei is another river)
19
Q
Ribeira Sacra DO
Principal Blanco & Tinto varieties?
Castes req. for the following styles:
Blanco?
Tinto?
Rosado?
Súmmum?
A
Blanco:
Godello, Loureira, Treixadura, Dona Branca, Albariño, Torrontés, Branco lexítimo, and Caíño Blanco. No authorized varieties.
Tinto:
Mencía, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto. Authorized varieities - I havent listed.
Blanco: Principal varieties
Tinto: min. 70% Mencia
Rosado: Min 85% Principal red Grapes
Súmmum: 85% principal grapes (therefore all Blanco wines qualify)
Latin for ‘the highest’?
20
Q
Which DO is pemitted to use the Súmmum labelling term?
what does it mean?
A
Ribeira Sacra DO
Súmmum: 85% principal grapes (Latin for ‘the highest’?)
Only really applies to Tinto (standard is min. 70% Mencia) as Blanco, Rosado mandate 100% & 85% min. principal already
21
Q
Ribeira Sacra DO
Has 2 aging requirement terms applicable; please define?
A
Excludes Rosado styles.
Blanco Barrica/Garda:
min. 12% (basic is 11%)
Barrica: min. 3 months in wooden barrels of no more than 600 liters capacity
Garda: min. 4 months in wooden tanks of no more than 8,000L, or concrete tanks of no more than 5,000L. The use of Stainless-Steel tanks is prohibited.
Tinto Barrica/Garda:
min. 12%
Barrica: min. 6 months in wooden barrels of no more than 500 liters capacity
Garda: min. 7 months in wooden tanks of no more than 10,000L, or concrete tanks of no more than 5,000L. The use of Stainless Steel tanks is prohibited.
22
Q
Ribeira Sacra DO
Name a collaboration label and 2 premium wines?
A
Raúl Pérez & Guimaro (his cellar).
Amandi.
pred. old vines (100+) Mencia field blends:
El Pecado: Capeliños vineyard.
La Penitencia: Pombeiras Vineyard.
23
Q
Valdeorras DO
Preferred/Rec. varietys
Blanco?
Rosado?
Tinto?
Relevant style/bottling term?
A
Blanco
Preferred: Godello, Loureira, Treixadura, Dona Branca, Albariño, Torrontés, Lado
Authorized: Palomino
Rosado/Tinto
Recommended: Mencía, Tempranillo, Merenzao, Brancellao, Sousón, Caiño Tinto, Espadeiro, Ferrón
Authorized: Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Gran Negro, Mouratón
Valdeorras “Castes Nobles” (Blanco and Tinto): Min. 85% preferred varieties
24
Q
Valdeorras DO
Permitts 2 varietial bottlings, name them and the %?
Espumoso req?
Tostado req?
A
Varietal
Godello (100% variety)
Mencía (min. 85% variety)
Espumoso: Min. 85% Godello
Tostado: Godello and authorized red grapes (dried for a min. of 90 days)
25
Valdeorras DO
Name all 3 of Rafael Palacios lieu-dit bottlings?
Soils?
Rafael Palacios
Biodnymaic princbiles. Awaiting certification. All from the O Bolo - commune of production?
As Sortes
Sorte Antiga
Sorte O Soro
Interestingly Slate is cited as the pred. soil in the DO however all of Rafael's top bottlings come from Granite pred. sites...
26
Valdeorras DO
aging tiers, styles and req?
Blanco and Tinto only.
Crianza, Rserva, Gran reserva Inline with nationwide DO standards
Crianza:
Reds: Minimum 2 years aging with 6 months in small oak barrels (in each case the maximum is 330L)
Whites: Minimum 18 months aging with 6 months in small oak barrels
Reserva
Reds: Minimum 36 months aging with 12 months in small oak barrels
Whites: Minimum 24 months aging with 6 months in small oak barrels
Gran Reserva
Reds: Minimum 60 months aging with 18 months in small oak barrels
Whites: Minimum 48 months aging with 6 months in small oak barrels
27
Galacia's oldest winemaking region?
2 subzones?
river and soil?
styles & castets?
Monterrei DO 530ha
Valle de Monterrei, Ladera de Monterrei
Mostly alluvial clay in valleys of tributaries of the river Támega
Blanco (min 60% rec. varieties): Dona Branca, Godello, Treixadura
Tinto (min 60% rec. varieties): Mencía, Merenzao (Bastardo/ Trousseau)
28
Bierzo DO 3,017ha
Climate?
River?
Soils?
Varietys & Styles?
Moderate continental climate.
Sil river
slate in the hills, silty loam in the flats.
Blanco: Doña Blanca, Godello, Malvasía Riojana, Palomino
Rosado: min 70% of authorized red varieties
Tinto (min 85%): Mencía, Garnacha Tintorera (Alicante Bouschet), Estaladiña, and/or Merenzao (Trousseau) + authorzied white varietys
Vino clarete: 40% to 60% red grapes, the remainder must be authorized white grapes;
grapes go direct to press except 5 to 10% destemmed grapes which are included in fermentation
29
What year did Bierzo DO introduce a 5 tier quality pryamid?
define each tier?
2017
Vino de la Region (Bierzo)
Vino de Villa:
village wine – must be 100% from stated site. Maximum Yields are reduced by 20%.
Vino de Paraje:
lieux-dits, designated to specific parcels – must be 100% from stated site. Maximum Yields are reduced by 25%.
Viña Clasificada:
must have a 5-year Vino de Paraje history and been approved by a tasting panel. Maximum Yields are reduced by 30%.
Gran Viña Clasificada:
must have a 5-year Viña Clasificada history and been approved by a tasting panel. Maximum Yields are reduced by 35%.
30
Bierzo
2 aging req?
1 Gran Viña Clasificada producer bottling?
Standard
Crianza (DO/DOCa only)
Red: Min. 24m, including at least 6m in oak (max. 330l)
White Min. 18m, including at least 6m (max. 330ly)
Reserva (DO/DOCa only)
Red: Min. 36m, including at least 12m in oak (max. 330l)
White: Min. 24m, including at least 6m in oak (max. 330l)
Descendientes de José Palacios, Álvaro Palacios, Las Lamas, Corullón. From the Atlantic side of the valley.
31
León DO 1,322ha
Styles (5) & varieties?
notable variety?
fmr. Tierra de León DO
Prieto Picudo approx. 70% of vineyards.
Blanco (min. 50%): Verdejo, Albarín Blanco, and Godello
Rosado: min. 60% recommended red varieties, plus other white and/or red grapes
Tinto (min. 60%): Recommended: Prieto Picudo, Mencía, and Negro Saurí.
Authorized: Garnacha, Tempranillo.
Also permitted are Blanco, Rosado,Tinto:
* Vinos Semidulces (18-45 g/L)
* Vinos Dulces (45+ g/L)
32
Which Spanish DO borders with the Portugese Douro DOP?
3 styles & 3 grapes of note?
Arribes DO 452ha, Castilla Leon.
Follows the path of the Duero River along the northeastern Portuguese border.
Blanco: Verdejo, Albillo Mayor, Albillo Real (+ others)
Rosado (min. 60% rec. red varities)
#1 Tinto: Bruñal, Juan García, Rufete (Porto DOP authroized vairety) +others
33
Which Spanish DO borders with the Portugese Douro DOP?
3 styles & 3 grapes of note?
Arribes DO (452ha), Castilla Leon.
Follows the path of the Duero river along the North-eastern Portugese border.
Blanco: Verdejo, Albillo Mayor & Real +
#1 is Tinto: Bruñal, Juan García, Rufete (Porto DOP authorized) +
[A Rough Blow Job]
34
What is the only Spanish wine DO that directly includes the word ‘wine ‘ in the name?
4 styles and notable grapes?
1 style of note?
Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO 780ha
‘Land of Wine’
Tempranillo is the most planted grape variety and must constitute 75% of all red wines, 60% of rosados, and 30% of claretes. There are old vines here, some as old as 150 years.
Blanco (min. 60%): Malvasia, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Verdejo.
Clarete (“clair-retta”) is a historic Spanish term for a wine somewhere between a rosado and a white; or a rosado and a light red… Depending on the region? in practice here they are often co-fermented.
35
Toro DO
Styles & Varietys?
Traditional Method Sparkling (min. 9m lees): Blanco, Rosado (min. 25% red grapes), Tinto
Blanco: Malvasia Blanca and Verdejo most common authorized varieties.
Rosado: 100% authorized red and/or white grapes
Tinto: min. 75% Tinta de Toro or min. 85% Garnacha Tinta
Tinto: Crianza, Reserva and Gran Reserva aging requirements as per standard.
36
Toro DO
Size?
Terroir?
How does the Tinta de Toro clone differ?
5,800ha
Contiental: dry hot summers, cold harsh winters.
Sand, clay and some lime bearing pudding stones.
Berry skins are thicker and higher in phenolics.
37
Toro DO
Vega Sicilia's estate?
Francois Lurton & Michel Rolland co-lab?
Pintia (1996)
Campo Eliseo (Rueda DO bottlings also)
38
Marcus Eguren is the founder of which estate?
Top wine?
Marcus Eguren established Bodega Numanthia in 1998 and sold to LVMH in 2008.
Teso la Monja (fmr. Bodega Eguren)
Alabaster - made from pre-phylloxera vines, new French oak for 18 months. Big. Consistently one of Spain’s most expensive wines. Means ‘the nun’.
39
Rueda DO
Varieties (1 indigenous of note?)
Styles (5)
Blanco: min. 75% principal varieties:
Verdejo, Sauvignon Blanc, Viura, Viognier, Chardonnay.
Rosado: min. 50% authorized red varieties
Tinto: excl. from authorized varieties
Principal: Tempranillo & Cenicienta ("Cinderella")
Authorized: Cabernet Sauvignon +
Vino Espumoso: min. 75% principal varieties
Vino Espumoso Rosado: min. 50% authorized red varieties
40
Rueda DO
2 Vino de Licor styles and req?
1 producer?
Vino de Licor (fortified/ min. 15%)
Rueda Palido (Pale): 100% combined Palomino Fino and/or Verdejo. Biologically aged for min. of 3 years in wood.
Rueda Dorado (Golden): 100% combined Palomino Fino and/or Verdejo min. 4 years, including at least 2 years in wood.
Bodegas de Alberto - produces both styles from MV, fractional blends from damajuanas and soleras.
41
Rueda DO
Additional Requirements/ Bottling Terms:
"Fermentado en Barrica"
Gran Vino de Rueda
Vino de Pueblo
Vino Espumoso "Gran Añada"
White wines that undergo fermentation for at least 3 months in oak casks of no more than 600 liters
Wines made from at least 30 year old vine
Wines may indicate the municipality of origin provided that 85% of grapes were grown there
36 months of age on lees prior to disgorgement (starts with the 2020 vintage)
42
Rueda DO
2 notable producers?
Bodegas Belondrade y Lurton
La Seca, near Valladolid. 1994. 30ha over 19 plots of pebbles and clay over a limestone bedrock. Verdejo averaging a vine age around 30 y/o. Vinified Burgundian style: Fermented in barrel and aged for 12 months. 300L oak barrels, 25% new each year.
Esmeralda García
Segovia. New generation winegrower. Variety of styles and some Verdejo vineyards as old as 200 years.
43
Arlanza DO
location?
styles?
Castilla y Leon. Just north of Ribera del Duero on the convergence of 3 Duero tributary’s – the Arlanza being one of them.
Blanco wines can be made from Albillo Mayor and Macabeo.
Rosado and red wine must be composed of at least half Tempranillo (Tinta del Pais).
44
Cigales DO
location?
soil?
varieties & styles (5)?
Castilla y Leon. On the Pisuerga river a tributary of the Duero.
Galet roules soils.
Blanco: Verdejo, Albillo, Viura, Sauvignon Blanc, Garnacha Blanca.
Tinto: Tinta del País (Tempranillo), Garnacha Tinta, Garnacha Gris, , Garnacha Tontorera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah.
Styles:
* Blanco
* Rosado/Clarete max. 4 g/L RS.
* Tinto
* Vino Dulce: (Blanco/Rosado/Tinto) min. 45 - max. 90 g/L RS.
* Vino Espumoso( Blanco/Rosado)
45
Ribera del Duero DO
Provinces of production West to East?
Valladolid “vio-de-leith” - #2
Burgos - #1 in plantings, North & Central
Segovia - smallest?, south central
Soria
The Duero River runs west through the centre of the roughly 110km long region.
Generally grows warmer moving west. In the west you also find denser portions of clay while the rest of the region has sandy or silty-sandy earth. Higher depositions of limestone in the East.
46
Ribera del Duero DO
Styles?
*Blanco: min. 75% Albillo Mayor (Turruntés in Rioja)
*Rosado or Clarete: min. 50% authorized red varieties
*Tinto: min. 95% authorized red grapes with a min. 75% Tinta del País / Tinto Fino
Authorized: Garnacha, Malbec, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Albillo Mayo
47
Ribera del Duero DO
aging req
Roble/Barrica?
Crianza?
Reserva?
Gran Reserva?
Roble/Barrica: min. 3 months in oak (max 600L capacity)
All (max. 330 liter capacity)
Crianza
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 18 m including at least 6 m in oak
Tinto: min. 24m, including at least 12m oak
Reserva:
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 24m, including at least 6m oak
Tinto: min. 36m, including at least 12m oak
Gran Reserva:
Blanco/Rosado/Clarete: min. 48m including at least 6m in oak
Tinto: min. 60m including at least 24m in oak
Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva wines must spend the rest of their required aging outside of barrel in the bottle.
48
When was Vega Sicila established?
When was it sold & who too?
name a discontinued wine?
1864 - have been making wine there 100+ years before anyone else.
1982. Álvarez family.
Until 1998, Vega Sicilia also produced a Valbuena 3° - indicating three years of aging prior to release.
49
Vega Sicilia 2nd wine?
Valbuena 5°: Pred. Tempranillo, Merlot, CS. Younger 25-35 y/o vines. Released every vintage?
3 in American Oak, 2 in Bottle = 5 years ageing before relase.
50
Unico Reserva Especial
first vinatge?
current release?
Blend of 3 vintages.
First released 1965.
Current 2023 (09,11,12).
51
Único menaing?
vinatge not produced?
“Unique”
1977, 1978, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1997, 2001.
52
Sister bodega to Vega Sicilia?
first vintage?
style?
Bodegas Alión
1991. Made at the Vega Sicilia winery untill the 1993 vintage.
Aged for a shorter time in French Oak, more modern in style.
53
Tinto Pesquera
Top wine?
Valladolid. Founded 1970.
Wines are made exclusively with Tempranillo grapes. Vineyards exist on some of the highest points in the Ribera del Duero region. No fining or filtering.
Millenium Gran Reserva (2008): 100% Tempranillo from Viña Alta. Aged 30 months in French oak barrels, then 10 months in bottle.
54
Dominio de Pingus
Owner?
3 wines and first vintages?
Which vintage sunk in the Atlantic?
Valladolid. Founded by Peter Sisseck (Danish) in 1995; trained in Bordeaux.
Pingus (1995) Comes from two vineyards in La Horra planted in 1929 which total 4.5ha, One is on gravel and sand over chalky subsoils, the other is mostly clay.
1997 - 1/4th of total prod.
Flor de Pingus (1996)
Amelia (2003) 100-year-old vines. Single barrel cuvée aged 18 months in one Darnajou barrique.
All 100% Tinta del Pais/ Tempranillo
55
2nd oldest & first biodynamic producer under Ribera del Duero DO?
Torremilanos
Aranda de Douro. 1903 (2nd oldest).
First biodynamic certified winery in the region (Demeter, 2015).
Some vines over 100+. All oak both American and French is produced onsite in their cooperage.
56
3rd oldest producer under Ribera del Duero DO?
Top wine?
Bodega Protos
1927 (3rd). Peñafiel – the famous hilltop castle here adorns the label.
Protos is Greek for “the first” as it was the regions first Co-operative.
Approximately 1,900ha under winery control, 168ha owned.
Protos 27: Top wine, named after their inception in 1927.
57
Name Mariano Garcia's project after leaving the wine making position at Vega Sicilia?
Top wine?
AALTO Bodegas y Viñedos
1999. Mariano Garcia former winemaker at Vega Sicilia (1968-1998). Rich, extracted and modern in style.
AALTO PS: 100% Tempranillo from select clones. The fruit comes from 60- to 100-year-old vines from a parcel in Burgos. The wine ages for two years before it is clarified and fined with egg whites. Produced only in the best vintages.
58
Name Bodega Roda's Ribera del Duero project?
Bodega La Horra
2009, La Horra (Burgos). Cooler terroir along the Duero banks. Less new oak, more traiditonal in style.
Corimbo & Corimbo I (older vines, 50% max new oak)
59
Basque Country/ País Vasco/ Euskadi
3 DO's largest to smallest and distinguishing features?
Closer to the Bay of Biscay with more humid influence. Sandy, alluvial soils and lie at lower elevations and well drained slopes:
Txakoli de Getaria DO (1989): @ 440ha is the oldest, largest & most traditional
["heta-ree-a"]
Txakoli de Bizkaia DO (1994): 426ha. Centred to the west around Bilbao. Looser regulations: no specified plantings density and allows for additional blanco varieties: Folle Blanche (Mune Mahatsa) & Sauvignon Blanc. [biz-kai-a/ Biscay]
Txakoli de Álava DO (2001): 100ha. Newest & smallest. Further inland for less coastal influence. Allows for Sauvignon Blanc.
60
Txakoli de Getaria DO
Txakoli de Bizkaia DO
Txakoli de Álava DO
5 styles and varieties of note?
1 bottling term?
Blanco: Ondarrabi Zuri (Hondarribi Zuri & Courbu) + Authorized: Ondarrabi Zuri Zerratia (Petit Courbu), Izkiriota (Gros Manseng), Riesling, Chardonnay. Folle Blanche (de Bizkaia) & Sauvignon Blanc (de Bizkaia & de Álava)
"Fermentado en Barrica": fermented in barrels of no more than 350 litre capacity
Rosado (Ojo de Gallo): min. 50% Ondarrabi Beltza
Tinto: Ondarrabi Beltza (Hondarribi Beltza)
Vendimia Tardía: Potential 15% abv - 12% actual; must be aged in cask for up to December 31 of the year following the harvest (exact aging set each year by the Consejo Regulador).
Vino Espumoso
61
Rioja DOCa
largest sub region?
3 rivers and 2 soil types?
Rioja Alta 27,000ha #1
The Oja & Tirón are tributarys that run from the SE and merge with the Ebro at the hill city of Haro.
Vineyards in this higher, northern 'Oja Valley' have a higher concentration of yellowish calcareous clay (arcillo-calcareo) & alluvial soils.
The further east Najerilla River Valley are on lower slopes and lie on reddish iron-rich clay (arcillo-ferroso). Good concentration of old vines here: Tempranillo & Garnacha 80–100 years.
All 3 rivers flow from the Sierra de la Demanda to La Rioja's South.
62
Which Rioja DOCa is shared with Pais Vasco (Basque)?
Terroir: elevation and soil?
Rioja Alavesa
Located entirely on the Northern bank of the Ebro; the river providing a natural boundary from Rioja Alta.
Highest elevated vineyards amongst the 3 zones (up to 700m) and the highest concentration of limestone amongst its calcareous clay soils. More Atlantic influence and thus is cooler & wetter.
63
Which River is the natural boundary for Rioja Oriental?
When did the name change?
Terroir & soil?
Defined by the land that is directly east of the Iregua River – a tributary of the Ebro that merges just North of Logroño.
2018 (fmr Baja)
Spans the largest ‘physical area’. Elevation: 380m in west 301m in east. Hotter drier and more Mediterranean, perfect for Garnacha. Commonly first to harvest.
Some iron-rich clay, but most of the lower, flatter areas are characterized by alluvial, silty soils.
64
Rioja DOCa
Styles permitted and varitial %'s?
Vino Espumoso Calidad: Traditional Method Blanco & Rosado assemblage as per still wines. 15m on lees – must be traditional method.
Blanco (blends/single varietal): Viura (#1), Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Malvasía (#2), Garnacha Blanca, Tempranillo Blanca, Maturana Blanca, Turruntés (Abillo Mayor)
Rosado: min. 25% combined authorized red grapes
Tinto: min. 95% authorized red grapes (if destemmed), min. 85% authorized red grapes (if whole clusters or whole berries are used):Tempranillo, Garnacha, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta (Trousseau/Bastardo).
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Rioja DOCa
3 aging tiers and req for Blanco & Rosado?
Crianza Blanco/Rosado: min. 18 months, including at least 6 months in oak.
Reserva Blanco/Rosado: min. 2 years, including at least 6 months in oak.
Gran Reserva Blanco/Rosado: min. 4 years, including at least 6 months in oak.
Same as Ribera del Duero.
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Rioja DOCa
3 aging teirs and req for Tinto?
Crianza Tinto: min. 2 years, including at least 1 year in oak.
Reserva Tinto: min. 3 years, including at least 1 year in oak and 6 months in bottle
Gran Reserva Tinto: min. 60 months of aging with at least 24 months in oak and at least 24 months in bottle.
Barrels must hold approximately 225 litres (for all 3 styles). Many producers today have shifted toward newer European oaks and blends of French and American oak.
RdD differs in madatory btl aginging peroids.
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Name a DOCa for Sparkling Wine production?
req?
sweetness designations?
Rioja DOCa
Vino Espumoso Calidad: Traditional Method only. Min. 3.5 bars pressure.
Hand harvest. Entire process from fermentation to release must be in the same location.
No additions. Transfer method is approved for bottle sizes smaller than 750 ml and larger than 3L.
Gran Añada must come entirely from a single vintage and state the vintage on the label.
Brut Nature: > 3 g/l of residual sugar and has not received dosage.
Extra Brut: Max. 6 g/l RS
Brut: Max. 12 g/l RS
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Rioja DOCa
Permitted Training Methods (4)?
Cordon (single or double)
"En Vaso" (bush vines)
"Vara y Pulgar" (stick and thumb)
Double Guyot (the latter may be used for all white varieties except Viura, Malvasía, and Garnacha Blanca.)
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What is Vara y Pulgar?
AKA ‘stick & thumb’
a two-branch training method in which in alternating years one brand is trained longer (vara/stick) with 7-8 buds and yields grapes for the harvest; and the pulgar/thumb is shorter is left with just 1-2 buds, and it will develop the following year's "vara".
1 of the 4 permitted trellising methods in Rioja DOCa and is common in Marco de Jerez were it is known as ‘Jerezana pruning’.
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Rioja DOCa
5 Authorzied varieties for Tinto?
Tinto: min. 95% authorized red grapes (if destemmed) or min. 85% authorized red grapes if otherwise. Dalmau has 10% CS but destemms. Special historical dispensation?
Tempranillo (84% of all plantings)
Garnacha (in 1973 Garnacha was more widely planted than Tempranillo but this shifted with irrigation changes).
Gracian: once near extinct has experienced a resurgence as it supplies acidity, tannin, and exotic spice flavours.
Mazuelo (Cariñena/Carignan) employed in small quantities for acid and tannin – said to add a balsamic strawberry character.
Maturana Tinta (Jura's Trousseau) is also allowed.
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Rioja DOCa
Authorzied varieties for Blanco?
Viura (Macabeo) #1 white variety (3rd
overall). Best sites are in Rioja Alta on chalkier soils. Structure & acidity. Commonly blended with Malvasía for its florality. Together this is the traditional backbone of the white Rioja blend.
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Verdejo
Malvasía
Garnacha Blanca
Tempranillo Blanco
Maturana Blanca
Turruntés
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Rioja DOCa
Viñedo Singular (Single Vineyard) regulations?
In addition vineyard and wine smaple approval by the Rioja Consejo Regulador:
Must have a 10 year history working with the vineyard. 100% of grapes must come from the named vineyard. Vines must be at least 35 years old.
Grapes must be manually harvested & a max. yield of 5,000 kg/ha (tinto).
Wines must be produced, aged, and bottled at named winery
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Rioja DOCa
Vinos de Pueblo & Vinos de Zona regulations?
municipality (Pueblo) / zone (Zona)
Grapes must come exclusively from the municipality / zone (but 15% from neighboring municipalities/ zone may be allowed with 10 year history working with the vineyard)
Vinification, aging, and bottling must occur within the municipality
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Rioja DOCa
Define the labelling term: 'Viñedos en' ?
Additoinal label that may appear alongside 'Vinos de Pueblo'.
"vineyard in" and a village (144)
when all the grapes come from vineyards within the boundaries of the named location (village 'vineyard' boundarys), even if vinified in another village.
Pre 2024 (Vino de Municipio) wine vinified in one village from grapes grown in a neighbouring one meant it was excluded from the classification
Badiola, 2018, 2 MW's: Andreas Kubach & Sam Harrop.
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Oldest winery in Haro?
Top vineyard and top wines?
3 other vineyards and 3 wines of note?
1877, R. Lopez de Heredia
Viña Tondonia (100ha): All 1890.
Blanco: Reserva & Gran Reserva
Rosado: Gran Reserva only
Tinto: Reserva & Gran Reserva [1996, 2001, 2004].
Viña Bosconia: Tinto Reserva
Viña Zaconia: 'Vina Gravonia' Blanco Crianza
Viña Cubillo: Tinto Crianza
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Oldest winery in Rioja?
Top wine Tinto?
Top Blanco? vineyard?
Marques de Murrieta
1852. Just east of Logroño - Rioja Alta boundary was extended to include them. Also first to export their wines internationally.
Castillo Ygay Gran Reserva Especial. A 300ha plot acquired in 1872. Since 2001 Ygay has been excl. from the La Plana plot; the highest part of the Finca planted in 1950.
Blanco is from the Capellanía Vineyard, planted in 1945. Has been botteled as a 100% Viura single vineyard from 2001. But was also the source of the '86 Gran Reserva Especial Blanco - only time every produced. Maybe a 1998.
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Which producer is responsible for introducing the mallas gold wire cage at the end of the 19th century?
What else were they the first to do?
Top wine?
Bodegas Marqués de Riscal
Elciego (Alvesa). 1858.
Modern estate. The first to plant CS in 1860. Paul Pontallier (Ch. Margaux) consulted for many years. Primarily French Oak but do use a small amount of American on their Reserva.
Barón de Chirel (1986): Pred. Tempranillo w/ old vine CS (80-110 y/o). New french barrique 18-20m followed by a similar length in bottle.
also do a Barón de Chirel 'Vinas Centenarias’ from 100% Verdejo (V.T. Castilla y León).
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Bodegas Muga
3 wines of note?
Prado Enea (1968) Burgundy shaped bottle. Only see's older wooden vats?
Torre Muga: see's new (French?) barriques
Aro: 70% Tempranillo, 30% from the estate's oldest vines. See's new french oak.
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When did Bodegas y Viñedos Artadi leave the DOCa?
style?
top wine?
2 other projects?
2015. Modern: known for this single varietal, old vine, higher elevation single vineyard bottling. Exclsuvie use of rench oak (sometimes all new).
Viña El Pisón - single-vineyard from Laguardi (Rioja Alavesa). Planted in 1945.
Artazu, Navarra,
Pinoso, Alicante (El Sequé) - Monastrell
(same ethos).
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Bodegas Roda
3 wines of note and style?
1987, Haro. Focus on old, dry farmed bush vines but modern style... French oak.
Roda I Reserva (1992) is more balsamic black fruit character. 100%Tempranillo. Older vintages 30%; now 50:50% old and new French oak.
Roda Reserva (1992): formerly RODA II until 2001. Pred. Tempranillo + Graciano and/or Garnacha. 15m 50:50% old and new French oak.
Cirsion (1998). Oldest, finest clones of Tempranillo + Graciano), the concept is about fruit purity and natural concentration, rather than ageing in oak. Spends the shortest amount of time in oak of all Roda’s cuvées – typically around eight months. 100% New large French oak and thus doesn’t reach any aging designation.
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What does CVNE stand for?
3 Estates of note?
2 wines of note?
Compañía Vinícola del Norte de España. 1879 in Haro by the Real de Asúa brpthers.
Viña Real & Contino fruit come from Rioja Alavesa estates. FR & USA Oak.
Imperial: Rioja Alta fruit, longer macerations than the others. American Oak.
Monopole (CVNE): 100% Viura. Oldest white wine brand in Spain. Inaugural vintage 1915.
Small amounts of the cuvée Pagos de Viña Real.
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Bodegas Ysios
owner?
2 wines of note?
2001. Bought by Pernod Ricard in 2016. Winery designed by famed architect Santiago Calatrava to mimic the Sierra de Cantabria mountains behind the winery.
Both new French barrels 10-16m:
Finca El Nogal (1.3ha): Viñedo Singular. 100% Tempranillo from El Nogal, planted in 1960 @ 570-580m.
Finca Las Naves (1.1ha): Viñedo Singular. Primarily Tempranillo from Las Naves, planted in 1902, 540-650m
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Remirez de Ganuza
Location and 3 wines of note?
Samaniego, Alavesa.
Modernist: He selects only the ‘shoulders’ of the bunches for the top wines and cutting off the tips. 80% French and 20% American oak, all new for aging.
In addition to Reserva & Gran Reserva
Trasnocho
Maria Remirez de Ganuza Reserva
Blanco Gran Reserva Olagar (2013): 100% Viura , single old vine plot: Olagar.
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What is Álvaro Palacios family estate?
Palacios Remondo, Rioja Oriental. When his father died in 2000 he returned to take over and tore out most of the Tempranillo to replace with Grenache. Unlike many others who had made the switch with the change in irrigation laws.
Family of 9. Studied at Petrus for 2 years.
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Rioja DOCa irrigation laws?
Because of the more Mediterranean climate irrigation in Rioja Oriental (2018) has been permitted here since the 90’s (drought vintages of ’94 & ’95)however is forbidden the 30 days prior to harvest?
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Rioja DOCa old notable vintages pre 90's?
1948, 1952, 1955, 1964 (#1), 1970, 1982.
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Rioja DOCa 90's-2010 vintages of note?
1994 (low yeilds but strong), 1995 (quantity & quality), 2001, '04, '05, 2010.
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Rioja DOCa recent vintages of note?
2016, 2019, 2020, 2021
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Benjamín de Rothschild & Vega Sicilia´s Rioja label?
first vintage?
Macán (top) & Macan Classico
2009. Rioja Alta fruit. neither wines conform to aging requirements. 100% Tempranillo and French Oak.
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Navarra DO
5 subzones?
Tierra Estella: Highest elevations, around 560m. Geology similar to Rioja Alvesa.
Valdizarbe: Higher elevations. Just beneath Pamplona.
Baja Montaña: in the northeast, concentrates almost entirely on red wine production, with treasured old vine Garnacha vineyards. Clay with some limestone. Rosado production.
Ribera Alta: 1/3rd of Navarra DO production. Drier & flatter toward the south.
Ribera Baja: Drier; bisected by the Ebro River.
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Navarra DO
4 permitted styles?
Blanco: Garnacha Blanca + Malvasia, Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc etc (smallest % of prod.)
Rosado: Garnacha preferred; Sangrado/Saignée method required.
Deeply coloured. The DO mandates that rosados are produced using the saignée method and forbids direct pressing, arguing that it reduces complexity
Tinto: Garnacha (#1 old vine), Tempranillo, Cariñena, Graciano, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, and Pinot Noir
Vino de Licor Blanco & Tinto: Minimum 85% Moscatel de Grano Menudo (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains)/ Garnacha
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Navarra DO
Aging terms follow national min. requirements however has 2 other unique aging tiers?
Crianza Tinto: Wines must be aged for a minimum 24 months, including at least 9 months in oak (max. 330-liter capacity).
Crianza / Reserva / Gran Reserva: With the exception of Crianza Tinto, all other aging terms are equivalent to national minimum requirements.
Roble [Oak](Tinto only): min. 90 days in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)
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Navarra DO
Vino de Licor
Variety & abv req?
Bottling term?
Vino de Licor (Blanco/Tinto): min. 85% Moscatel de grano menudo or Garnacha
15% (max. 18%)
Envejecido en Roble (Moscatel Vino de Licor): Wines must be aged a min. 24 months, including at least 18 months in oak
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Navarra DO
3 VDP's (of 4)
Arínzano
Tierra Estella. Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & Chardonnay. French Oak. Vino de Pago.
Otazu
Echauri, a village only 8 km from Pamplona. Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot & Chardonnay. Vino de Pago.
Prado de Irache
Ayegui, near the town of Estella. Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot. Graciano and Mazuelo. Vino de Pago.
[POA price on arrival..]
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Aragón
4 DO's?
variety of styles?
Campo de Borja DO
Calatayud DO
Cariñena DO (#1 @ 14,459ha)
Somontano DO
Consistent among all 4 over a number of varietys:
Blanco, Rosado & Tinto (#1) all in Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce)
Vino Espumoso
Vendimia Tardía or Vino Naturalmente Dulce (sometimes both)
Vino de Licor. Wines must be aged for a min. 2 years, including at least 18 months in oak (excl Cariñena). Some dictate variety. however Moscatel is #1.
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Calatayud DO
Viñas Viejas?
Calatayud Superior?
old vine designation, wines must come from vineyards of at least 35 years of age.
min. 85% old vine Garnacha Tinta (min. 50 years of age)
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What is Vino de Aguja?
Name some DO regions where this style is permitted?
Vino de Aguja (semi-sparkling)
1-2.5 bar pressure?
Aragon: Cariñena DO & Calatayud DO.
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Cariñena DO
Superior?
Viñas viejas?
Selección?
DO named after Cariñena (Mazuela) however Garnacha & Tempranillo #1
indicates min. 85% principal varieties
indicates min. 20 year old vines
grapes harvested from selected plots cropped at maximum 7,000 kg/ha
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Aragon
Commonly authorized grapes (Blanco & tinto) across the 4 DO?
Blanco:
Macabeo, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Moscatel de Alejandría, Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo, Gewürztraminer (Somontano)
Tinto:
Garnacha, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Garnacha Tintorera (Alicnate Bouschet)
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Aragon
2 DO Pagos?
Aylés
Urbezo
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Catalonia/Catalunya synonyms for
Garnatxa Blanca?
Garnatxa Negra?
Tempranillo?
Carinyena?
Lledoner Blanc
Lledoner Negre
Ull de Llebre
Samsó
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Empordà DO
Location, Terroir and Varieties?
2,000ha. Costa Brava coast bordering Banyuls & Collioure, Roussillon. Firece & cold Tramontane wind influence. Home of Salvador Dalí.
2 Subzones: Alt Empordà: a very windy northern part - 90% of production; and Baix Empordà, a southern zone of more clay-rich vineyards where conditions are less windy.
Many styles permitted: Blanco, Rosado, Tintos, Vino de Aguja, Vino Espumoso, Mistela & Vi di Licor.
Tinto is responsible for 60% of plantings. Notably Samsó and Grenache; however international Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah Aswell.
Quality whites based on Grenache Blanc and Gris, Carignan Blanc and Maccabeu (Viura).
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Empordà DO
Has a history of sweet Vi de Licor
3 varietial specfic styles?
labelling term vi dolç natural?
additional stye?
"Rancio" labelling term?
3 overarching aging terms?
All min. 15% abv. Sun-dried, fermented and then fortified so a VDN rather than a VDL like the style name suggests.
Garnatxa de l'Empordà:
ambre: Garnatxa Blanca
rubí: Garnatxa Negre
Moscatell de l'Empordà
vi dolç natural" with a min. must weight of 270 g/l
Vi de raïms sobremadurat: made from over-ripe grapes (any of the authorized grapes).
Vino de Guarda: Wines must be aged in oak for a min. 12 months (all styles, not just VDL)
Vino de Licor "Rancio": min. 2 years aging in oak and a pronounced oxidative character
Crianza: min. 3 years, incl. 1 year in oak.
Reserva: min. 5 years, incl. 4 in oak.
Gran Reserva: min. 8 years, incl. 6 years in oak.
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Which Catalonian wine region was the first to permitt international varieties after phylloxera?
lay of the land?
1 notable subzone?
1 notable producer?
Costers del Segre DO 'Banks of the Segre' 4,600ha.
large DO w/ 7 non-contiguous sub-zones that span much N & W of Catalunya.
Variety of climates and all major wine styles. Most varietals are permitted.
The Garrigues subzone – the most southern of the 7, is shared with the Cava DO.
Bodegas Raimat (1914) of the Raimat subzone. Pioneer of the entire DO. At 2,445ha is the largest vineyard in Europe owned by a single family. Local + interntional varieties across all styles.
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Where is Pla de Bages DO?
Notable varietys?
Catalonia
Wide array of varieties and styles, including Vino de Aguja, Vino Espumoso & Vino Dulce Natural.
Most known for Macabeo and Picapoll Blanco (Picpoul). Chardonnay & Parellada are also recommended Blanco varieties.
Tinto: Cabernet Sauvignon, Garnatxa Negre, Merlot, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Sumoll (rare - native to Catalonia).
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Where is Alella DO?
Notable styles?
Notable producer & wines?
Notable synonym?
Catalonia. Just northeast of Barcelona on the coast.
Wide array of native & international varieties. Wide array of styles.
Alta Alella
Vino Dulce Natural/Vi Dolç Natura Mataró (Monastrell). Fortified.
Xarel-Lo (Pansa Blanca) based dessert wine vinified like an ice wine after a cold maceration. Aka just 'Pansa' in Montsant DO
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What is Sauló?
A decomposed granite or granitic sand soil
Notably in Catalonia DO's:
Empordà, Alella & Monsant
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Where is Conca de Barberà DO?
varietys and main style?
wine of note?
Catalonia. Wedged between ‘Les Garrigues’, Costers del Serge’s most South Easterly subzone and much larger Tarragona DO. The word conca is Catalan for 'basin'.
Limestone soils: Macabeo and Parellada, and Chardonnay for Cava DO dominate prod.
Tintos are more commonly seen under the DO.
Miguel Torres’ Grans Muralles (1996): Ancestral Catalan varieties Garró and Querol with Cariñena, Garnacha, and Monastrell.
Slate and granite soils (higher elevations). Meaning ‘Great/Fortified Walls’ it is a clos vineyard of the Poblet Monestary.
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Who is credited with the creatation of Cava?
It was in Sant Sadurní d’Anoia in 1872 that José Raventós, the head of the family-owned Codorníu, made the first bottles of traditional method sparkling wine after returning from a visit to France.
Est. in 1551 remains Spains oldest winery.
Originally ‘Champaña’ redubbed in the 1960’s as Cava, which simply translates to “cellar,” more specifically one below ground
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How many bottles can a Gyropalette hold?
What is the traditional French name for the task it completes?
how long does it take?
or girasol: 504 bottles.
Remuage (FR)
A mechanized riddling system that Catalonia was first to use in the 1970s, the gyropalette can perform remuage in as fast as three days; a task that would take hand-riddlers six weeks.
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What are the 7 Regions permitted for Cava DO production?
sub-zones of note?
Euskadi/ Pais Vasco (Basque Country)
La Rioja - Alto Ebro
Navarra
Aragón - Valle del Cierzo
Catalunya - 95% of prod.
València - Levante Zone
Extremadura - Viñedos de Almendralejo
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Cava DO
Styles & varieties (9) permitted?
Espumoso Blanco
Espumoso Rosado: Min. 25% red varieties for rose. Can be made through brief maceration of red skins, saignée, or blending red and white base wines.
Blanc / Blanco: Parellada, Macabeo, Xarel·lo + Chardonnay, Malvasía
Negre / Tinto: Pinot Noir, Monastrell ('Levante Zone' Requena, Valencia), Garnatxa Negre, Trepat ('Serra de Prades', Conca de Barberà DO)
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Cava DO
4 aging tiers & requirements and designated label foil colour?
Cava de Guarda
* Cava/ Cava de Guarda (green): 9m on lees. Max yield: 12 tons/ha.
Cava de Guarda Superior. Vines must be at least 10 years old. Vineyards must be farmed organically (2025). Max yield: 10 tons/ha. Must be vintage dated & date of disgorgement must be must be listed.
* Cava de Guarda Superior Reserva (Silver): 18m on lees (prior 2021 harvest was 15).
May only be Brut, Extra Brut, or Brut Nature:
* Cava de Guarda Superior Gran Reserva (gold): 30m months on lees).
* Cava de Paraje Calificado 2017/ Cava de Paratge Qualificat (Antique gold): 36m on lees. Single vineyard wines & hand-harvest fruit. Max yields: 8.8 tons/ha. No acidification. 'Qualififed Location'.
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Cava DO
abv requirements?
min & max planting densitys?
3 approved training/pruning systems?
10.8-12.8%
1,500/3,500 vines per hectare
Permitted Vine Training/Pruning Systems:
En Vas (Bush) [Catalan: En Vaso]
En Espatllera (Trellis):
Cordón (simple or double)
Vara i Polze/ Vara y pulgar [Catalan: rod & thumb] (simple or double)
115
What is the Elaborador Integral?
What DO is it relevant too?
The Elaborador Integral/ Integral Producer Seal stamp indicates that the Cava DO producer carries out the entire production themselves, from grape-growing to bottling.
[winery surrounded by 2 hands]
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Cava DO
Name 2 the permitted sub-zones within the Ebro valley/ Valle del Ebro?
Alto Ebro (Rioja)
Valle del Cierzo (Aragon) – named after the dry cold Cierzo wind
117
5 'Comtats' of Barcelona under Cava DO?
Serra de Mar: just north of Barcelona, Alella DO. Sauló soils.
Valls d’Anoia-Foix: Valleys of the rivers Anoia and Foix, encompassing Sant Sadurní d’Anoia & Vilafranca del Penedès. Pendes DO boundaries.
Conca del Gaià (river): Tarragona DO
Serra de Prades: Conca de Barberà DO. Known for Trepat.
Pla de Ponent
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What are the 2 most southern Cava DO subzones?
Zona de Levante/ Levante Zone – Requena, Valencia. Still tbc.
Viñedos de Almendralejo (Extremadura) – warm solano wind
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Cava de Paraje Calificado/ Cava de Paratge Qualificat ("Qualiffied Location")
req?
2 producers?
min. 10 years old, organically farmed Single vineyard wines & hand-harvest fruit. Max yields: 8.8 tons/ha. Must be vintage dated & date of disgorgement must be must be listed.
min. 36m on the lees. No acidification.
Alta Alella OPUS ‘Vallcirera’
Codorníu 'La Fideuera’
120
Vino Dulce de Frio?
What DO?
Alternate name?
Varietys?
Must weight?
abv?
RS?
1 producer?
Penedès DO
‘Vi de Glass' or 'Ice Wine'
In practice cryoextraction & liquid nitrogen are used before pressing to achieve this must levels.
all the major Penedès DO white varieties permitted excl. Macabeo & Parellada; Gewürtzraminer, MBaPG,MOA, Malvasia, Rielsing, SB, Viognier etc
Min. of 240g/L, partial fermentation of the must, with fermentation stopped by refrigeration (alone or combined with other techniques) without addition or sweetening.
ABV: Between 9.5% -13.5%.
Final RS: Between 70 g/l - 150 g/l
Gramona 'Vi de Glass’ Gewürtzraminer
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First Appellation in the world to mandate organic fruit?
2 styles?
aging req?
2 additional bottling terms?
Classic Penedès DO
Official subcategory/style under Penedès DO intorduced in 2013.
Sparkling wine made by traditional OR ancestral method from organic grapes, min. 3.5 bars of pressure.
min. 15 months prior to disgorgement (all vines are technically "Reserva").
Reserva3 (double the min.), Reserva4 (4years in total, incl. the min.15months) up to a max Reserva15 – indicating 15 years on lees.
Ancestrale Method: min. 15 months. Wines aged on lees for 4 years or more can be release without disgorgement with "No Dejorhat" or "No Degollat"
122
What is Corpinnat?
4 req?
3 founding members?
Heart of Penedès - 2017
Not a DO area in Spain, but a so-called European Collective Trademark & Grower Association. Método Tradicional.
*Must be 100% organic grapes.
*Traditional vaireites must account for min. 90% of the blend (Macabeo, Garnacha, Monastrell, Parellada, Malvasia/Subirat (Alarije), Sumoll, Xarello, and the mutation Xarello Rosado are allowed.
*max. yield is limited to 12,000 kilograms/hectares
* Min. 18 months on lees.
6 founding members? And now 9 producers in total. Celler Mas Candi, Gramona, Recaredo among the most prominent.
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What is the propsed Método Tradicional designation pur forth by Raventos I Blanc?
Conca Del Riu Anoia
very small geographical area surrounding the Anoia River valley between the Anoia and Foix Rivers in eastern Penedes.
Proposal:
* producers must pay growers a minimum of 1€/Kg – the current price averages €0.20/Kg –
* must be organically certified
* Vineyards at least ten years old
* Yields maximum of 10,000kg/ha
* indigenous varieties only
* Min. 18months on lees
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What is the Catalonian single estate wine qualification under Catalonia DO?
Requirements?
First single estate wine?
Vi de Finca Qualificada ‘Qualified Estate Wine’.
This a ‘single estate wine’ qualification under the Catalonia DO granted to the wine itself.
Mandates wines from a single estate with the winery on site or adjacent. Specific soil & climate. 10 year DO history, yields 15% lower than the relevant DO, Oak aging of a max. capacity of 600l and tasting panel etc.
Clos Mogador’s ‘Clos Mogador’ Garnacha based blend under Priorat DOQ was the first to be approved in 2006.
There are currently 19 qualified wines with 5 being most recently approved in 2023.
Confusingly Priorat DOQ/DOCa also has a ‘Vi de Finca’ classification but requires this qualification at a Catalunya DO level as a prerequisite. Appears as a formality?. 4 current producers applicable: Clos Mogador, Mas de la Rosa, Clos Fonta & Coma Blanca.
125
Name a Appellation that permitts an orange wine style from Catalonia?
Tarragona DO
Vino Brisado (Orange Wine) (Authorized white grapes plus Xarello Rosado).
The “brisa” or, the skins, stems, and seeds of the grapes.
Terra Alta supposidly are lobbying for this style also? 2022?
126
Other than Vino Rancio name another 2 Vino di Licor wine styls under Tarragona DO?
Moscatell de Tarragona (Vi de Licor produced from Moscatell d'Alexandria and Moscatell de Gra Petit)
Garnatxa de Tarragona (Vi de Licor produced from Garnatxa Blanca and Negre): aging min. 2 years.
All 15-20% abv; as are the Rancio & Mistela.
127
Name 2 Catalonia DO's who permit the style of 'Vimblanc' and their respective requirements?
Tarragona DO Vino Vimblanc: 9-16%; is a traditional sweet wine made from over ripe grapes.
Montsant DO: Vimblanc: Vi de Licor (fortified min. 15%abv)100% Pansa ( Pansa Blanca / Xarel.lo).
128
What Tarragona sub-zone was elevated & when?
Falset became Montsant DO in 2001.
The northern areas have cooler conditions, as well as more limestone, while vineyards in the south around Falset, the appellation’s main town, are sandier. Portions of llicorella soils in places.
129
What is Catalonia's most southern DO?
style and soil of note?
Terra Alta DO 5,820ha
Usual vareities and in all styles with the tradition of sweet and fortified wines. Cooperatives still play an important role in the local industry.
Exiciting emergence for dry Garnacha Blanca from 'Panal' soils - rich in fossil limestone.
Relatively high elevations 350-800m
130
Under Priorat DOQ/DOCa
What are the varietal req for 'Vi de Vila'?
name 6 (of 12) villages applicable?
'Village wines’ are released under the village name followed by "Vi de Vila" on the label.
Wines must include a min. 60% recommended varieties, or a min. 50% recommended varieties if only one is present (Garnatxa Negre & Carinyena/Samsó)
La Morera de Montsant, Escaladei, Poboleda, Torroja del Priorat, Gratallops, Porrera
131
Priorat DOQ/DOCa
4 'Vi de Finca'?
Vi de Finca (Single vineyard, independent of Vi de Vinya): 100% Sourced from designated parcels of that qualify.
min. 60% recommended varieties, or a min. 50% recommended varieties if only one is present.
Confusingly Catalan DO ‘Vi de Finca Qualificada’ is a prerequisite; and thus, this is a repeated formality but at a DOQ/DOCa level for the 4 viable wines:
Clos Mogador ‘Clos Mogador’
Celler Vall Llach ‘Mas de la Rosa’ (Bodega Torres does one also)
Celler Mas d'en 'Gil Clos Fonta'
Celler Mas d'en 'Coma Blanca' (Garnacha Blanca/Macabeo).
132
Priorat DOQ/DOCa
Vi de Paratge?
Vi de Paratge: 100% Sourced from a single approved site; of which there are 459. ‘pa-RAH-jas’. Similar to climats or lieu-dits in Burgundy.
Vall Llach produces a ‘Mas de la Rosa’ paratge bottling from this site/zone in Porrera. Torres will shortly also from a recently purchased a vineyard in the zone.
133
Priorat DOQ/DOCa
Vi de Vinya Classificada?
Vi de Vinya Classificada*: Quality vineyard/ 1er Cru (20 y/o vines) designation given to single parcel wines by the Consell. Eg. Bodega Mogaor ‘Clos Mogador’
Priorat requires that vineyards are owned by producers or worked under at a seven-year rent contract in order to be labelled as vi de vila, vi de paratge or vi de vinya +
134
Priorat DOQ/DOCa
Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada?
Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada*: Top-Quality vineyard/Grand Cru (35 y/o vines) designation given to single parcel wines by the Consell
Palacios L’Ermita (first in 2017)
Mas de la Rosa ‘Vall Llach’
135
Priorat DOQ/DOCa
Velles Vinyes?
Vineyard designation given to vineyards planted prior to 1945 (75-year-old vines).
136
Priorat
Name the 5 pioneering produces from Gratallops?
2 wines of note?
Bodega Mogador
Alavro Palacios
Clos i Terrasses
Mas Martinet 'Clos Martinet'
Clos de l'Obac 'Clos Clos de l'Obac '
137
Bodega Mogador
2 wines of note?
Gratallops. René Barbie; initiated the appellational revival in 1989. Uses an olive press instead of a standard wine press. This results in a lower juice yield than a traditional press, but also leads to a more concentrated and intense final wine.
'Clos Mogador': Grenache, Carignan, Syrah & Cabernet Sauvignon (authorized varieties) ‘Vinya Classificada’
2nd wine: Manyetes bottled as Vi de Paratge Gratallops.
138
Álvaro Palacios
2 wines?
Bodega Palacios Remondo in Rioja is the family Bodega. Trained at Petrus. Stylistically he is among the last to pick, new french oak.
Finca Dofi (1990?): Predominantly Grenache with Samsó. New French Oak.
L’Hermita (1993): Single Vineyard Garnacha with small amounts of Samsó and 2% of mixed white varieties (Garnacha Blanc?). New French Oak. 1.7 ha plot planted with 84-104 y/o vines. Steep sloped amphitheatre, N & E exposure @ 400-520m.
Spain’s most expensive wine. Pre 2005 included Cabernet Sauvignon.
First Gran Vinya Classificada approved in 2017.
139
Clos i Terrasses
2 wines of note?
Gratallops. Daphne Glorian
Clos Erasmus : Grenache & Syrah. New French Barriques.
2nd wine: Laurel
140
What is Soleo
Sun drying (Spain)
